• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 1997

The coal formation of the Deokpyeong area are interbedded along metapelites of the Ogcheon Supergroup, which are composed mainly of graphite, quartz, muscovite and associated with small amounts of biotite, chlorite, pyrite and barite. The ratios of $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ and $K_2O/Na_2O$ of the coaly metapelite are variable and wide range from 1.80 to 10.21, from 27.8 to 388.8 and from 7.6 to 61.8, respectively. These coal formation were deposited in basin of marine environments, and the REE of these rocks are not influenced with metamorphism and hydrothermal alterations on the basis of $Al_2O_3$ versus La, La against Ce, the ratios of La/Ce (0.19 to 0.99) and Th/U (0.02 to 4.75). These rocks also show much variation in $La_N/Yb_N$ (1.19 to 22.89), Th/Yb (0.14 to 21.43) and La/Th (0.44 to 13.67), and their origin is explained by derivation from a mixture of sedimentary and igneous rocks. The wide range in trace and REE element characteristics as Co/Th (0.12 to 2.78), La/Sc (0.33 to 10.18), Sc/Th (0.57 to 5.73), V/Ni (8 to 2347), Cr/V (0.02 to 0.67) and Ni/Co (1.56 to 32.95) of these coaly metapelites argues for inefficient mixing of the various source lithologies during sedimentation. Deep to pale green barium-vanadium muscovites (vanadium-oellacherite) have been found in this coal formations. Modes of occurrence and grain size of muscovite are heterogeneous, but most of the barium and vanadium-bearing muscovites occur along the boundaries between graphite and quartz grains, ranging from 200 to $350{\mu}m$ in length and from 40 to $60{\mu}m$ in width. Results of X-ray diffraction data of the minerals characterized to be monoclinic system with $a=5.249{\AA}$, $b=8.939{\AA}$, $c=20.924{\AA}$ and ${\beta}=95.894^{\circ}$. Representative chemical formula of the muscovite was $(Na_{0.09}K_{1.44}Ba_{0.46})(Al_{2.75}Ti_{0.07}V_{0.56}Fe_{0.08}Mg_{0.50})(Si_{6.12}Al_{1.88})O_{22}$. The V possibly substitute octahedral Al, and the Ba is coupled substitution of $K^+Si^{4+}=Ba^{2+}Na^+Ca^{2+}$, which compositional ranges of V and Ba are from 0.42 to 0.69 and from 0.34 to 0.56 based on $O_{22}$, respectively. Formation mechanism of the barium-vanadium muscovites in the coaly metapelite is shown that the formed by high pressure and temperature from regional metamorphism origanated during diagenesis at the interface between a basinal brine and organic matter.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

Traditional Kr$\ddot{o}$ger-Vink (K-V) notation defines sites in ionic crystals as interstitial or belonging to host ions. It enables description and calculations of combinations of native and foreign defects, including dopants and substituents. However, some materials exhibit inherently disordered partial occupancy of ions and vacancies, or partial occupancy of two types of ions. For instance, the high temperature disordered phases of $Bi_2O_3$, $Ba_2In_2O_5$, $La_2Mo_2O_9$, mayenite $Ca_{12}Al_{14}O_{33}$, AgI, and $CsHSO_4$ are all good ionic conductors and thus obviously contain charged point defects. But traditional K-V notation cannot account for a charge compensating defect in each case, without resorting to terms like "100% substitution" or "Frenkel disorder". the former arbitrary and awkward and the latter inappropriate. Instead, a K-V compatible nomenclature in which the partially occupied site is defined as the perfect site, has been proposed. I here introduce it thoroughly and provide a number of examples.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.116-120
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• 2004

Hexagonal barium-ferrite ($BaFe_{12}O_{19}$, magnetoplumbite structure; BaM) film with perpendicularly c-axis orientation was successfully deposited on (100) silicon substrates with an MgO (111) underlayer by rf diode sputtering and in-situ heating at $920^{\circ}C$. The magnetic and structural properties of 0.27 ${\mu}m$ thick BaM films on MgO (111) underlayers were compared to films of the same thickness deposited onto single-crystal MgO (111) and c-plane ($000{\ell}$) sapphire ($Al_2O_3$) substrates by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thickness dependence of MgO (111) underlayers on silicon wafer was found to have a large effect on both magnetic and structural properties of the BaM film. The thickness of 15 nm MgO (111) underlayers produced BaM films with almost identical magnetic and structural properties as the single-crystal substrates; this can be explained by the lower surface roughness for thinner underlayer thicknesses. The magnetization saturation ($M_s$) and the ratio $H_{cII}/H_{c{\bot}}$ for the BaM film with a 15 nm MgO (111) underlayer is 217 emu/cc and 0.24, respectively. This is similar to the results for the BaM films deposited on the single-crystal MgO (111) and sapphire substrates of 197 emu/cc and 0.10, 200 emu/cc and 0.12, respectively. Therefore, the proposed MgO (111) underlayer can be used in many applications to promote c-axis orientation without the cost of expensive substrates.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2000

The main objective of the present investigation is to show the feasibility of combinatorial chemistry by applying this method to phosphor syntehses. In this respect barium hexaaluminate phosphor was prepared by the split-pool combinatorial method, which enabled much more rapid search of optimum compositions of target phosphors than conventional synthetic methods. Barium hexaaluminate phosphors doped with Eu2+ exhibit blue emission while those co-doped with Mn2+ and Eu2+ exhibit green emission. Basically, the phosphor doped with 1.3 mole of Ba and 0.06~0.15 mole of Eu2+ exhibit the maximum value of emission intensity at 435${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Under the UV and VUV extitations, the barium hexaaluminate phosphor co-doped with Mn2+ and Eu2+ shows strong green emission.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.4 s.173
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• pp.481-492
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine geochemical characteristics for stream sediments in the Gwangju area. We collect the stream sediments samples by wet sieving along the primary channels and dry these samples slowly in the laboratory and grind to under 200mesh using an alumina mortar fur chemical analysis. Major elements, trace and rare earth elements are determined by XRF, ICP-AES and NAA analysis methods. For geochemical characteristics on geological groups of stream sediments, we separate geologic groups which are derived from Precambrian granite gneiss area, Jurassic granite area and Cretaceous Hwasun andesite area. Contents range of major elements for stream sediments in the Gwangju area are $SiO_2\;51.89\~70.63\;wt.\%,\;Al_2O-3\;12.91\~21.95\;wt.\%,\;Fe_2O_3\;3.22\~9.89\;wt.\%,\;K_2O\;1.85\~4.49\;wt.\%,\;MgO\;0.68\~2.90\;wt.\%,\;Na_2O\;0.48\~2.34\;wt.\%,\;CaO\;0.42\~6.72\;wt.\%,\;TiO_2\;0.53\~l.32\;wt.\%,\;P_2O_5\;0.06\~0.51\;wt.\%\;and\;MnO\;0.05\~0.69\;wt.\%.$ According to the AMF diagram for stream sediments and rocks, the stream sediments are plotted on boundary of tholeiitic series and calk alkaline series, which shows that contents of $Fe_2O_3$ are higher in stream sediments than rocks. According to variation diagram of $SiO_2$ versus $(K_2O+Na_2O),$ stream sediments are plotted on subalkaline series. Contents range of trace and rare earth elements for stream sediments in the Gwangiu area are Ba$590\~2170$ppm, Be1\~2.4$ppm, Cu$13\~79$ppm, Nb$20\~34$ppm, Ni$10\~50$ppm, Pb$17\~30$ppm, Sr$70\~1025$ ppm, V$42\~135$ppm, Zr$45\~171$ppm, Li$19\~77$ppm, Co$4.3\~19.3$ppm, Cr$28\~131$ppm, Cs$3.1\~17.6$ppm, Hf$5\~27.6$ppm, Rb$388\~202$ppm, Sb$0.2\~l.2$ ppm, Sc$6.4\~17$ppm, Zn$47\~389$ppm, Pa$8.8\~68.8$ppm, Ce$62\~272$ppm, Eu$1\~2.7$ppm and Yb$0.9\~6$ppm.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-100
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• 2022

The Zhenzigou Pb-Zn deposit, which is one of the largest Pb-Zn deposit in the northeast of China, is located at the Qingchengzi mineral field in Jiao Liao Ji belt. The geology of this deposit consists of Archean granulite, Paleoproterozoinc migmatitic granite, Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sodic granite, Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group, Mesozoic diorite and Mesozoic monzoritic granite. The Zhenzigou deposit which is a strata bound SEDEX or SEDEX type deposit occurs as layer ore and vein ore in Langzishan formation and Dashiqiao formation of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group. White mica from this deposit are occured only in layer ore and are classified four type (Type I : weak alteration (clastic dolomitic marble), Type II : strong alteration (dolomitic clastic rock), Type III : layer ore (dolomitic clastic rock), Type IV : layer ore (clastic dolomitic marble)). Type I white mica in weak alteration zone is associated with dolomite that is formed by dolomitization of hydrothermal metasomatism. Type II white mica in strong alteration zone is associated with dolomite, ankerite, quartz and alteration of K-feldspar by hydrothermal metasomatism. Type III white mica in layer ore is associated with dolomite, ankerite, calcite, quartz and alteration of K-feldspar by hydrothermal metasomatism. And type IV white mica in layer ore is associated with dolomite, quartz and alteration of K-feldspar by hydrothermal metasomatism. The structural formulars of white micas are determined to be (K_0.92-0.80Na_0.01-0.00Ca_0.02-0.01Ba_0.00Sr_0.01-0.00)_0.95-0.83(Al_1.72-1.57Mg_0.33-0.20Fe_0.01-0.00Mn_0.00Ti_0.02-0.00Cr_0.01-0.00V_0.00Sb_0.02-0.00Ni_0.00Co_0.02-0.00)_1.99-1.90(Si_3.40-3.29Al_0.71-0.60)_4.00O₁₀(OH_2.00-1.83F_0.17-0.00)_2.00, (K_1.03-0.84Na_0.03-0.00Ca_0.08-0.00Ba_0.00Sr_0.01-0.00)_1.08-0.85(Al_1.85-1.65Mg_0.20-0.06Fe_0.10-0.03Mn_0.00Ti_0.05-0.00Cr_0.03-0.00V_0.01-0.00Sb_0.02-0.00Ni_0.00Co_0.03-0.00)_1.99-1.93(Si_3.28-2.99Al_1.01-0.72)_4.00O₁₀(OH_1.96-1.90F_0.10-0.04)_2.00, (K_1.06-0.90Na_0.01-0.00Ca_0.01-0.00Ba_0.00Sr_0.02-0.01)_1.10-0.93(Al_1.93-1.64Mg_0.19-0.00Fe_0.12-0.01Mn_0.00Ti_0.01-0.00Cr_0.01-0.00V_0.00Sb_0.00Ni_0.00Co_0.05-0.01)_2.01-1.94(Si_3.32-2.96Al_1.04-0.68)_4.00O₁₀(OH_2.00-1.91F_0.09-0.00)_2.00 and (K_0.91-0.83Na_0.02-0.01Ca_0.02-0.00Ba_0.01-0.00Sr_0.00)_0.93-0.83(Al_1.84-1.67Mg_0.15-0.08Fe_0.07-0.02Mn_0.00Ti_0.04-0.00Cr_0.06-0.00V_0.02-0.00Sb_0.02-0.01Ni_0.00Co_0.00)_2.00-1.92(Si_3.27-3.16Al_0.84-0.73)_4.00O₁₀(OH_1.97-1.88F_0.12-0.03)_2.00, respectively. It indicated that white mica of from the Zhenzigou deposit has less K, Na and Ca, and more Si than theoretical dioctahedral mica. Compositional variations in white mica from the Zhenzigou deposit are caused by phengitic or Tschermark substitution [(Al³⁺)^VI+(Al³⁺)^IV <-> (Fe²⁺ or Mg²⁺)^VI+(Si⁴⁺)^IV] substitution. It means that the Fe in white mica exists as Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, but mainly as Fe²⁺. Therefore, white mica from layer ore of the Zhenzigou deposit was formed in the process of remelting and re-precipitation of pre-existed minerals by hydrothermal metasomatism origined metamorphism (greenschist facies) associated with Paleoproterozoic intrusion. And compositional variations in white mica from the Zhenzigou deposit are caused by phengitic or Tschermark substitution [(Al³⁺)^VI+(Al³⁺)^IV <-> (Fe²⁺ or Mg²⁺)^VI+(Si⁴⁺)^IV] substitution during hydrothermal metasomatism depending on wallrock type, alteration degree and ore/gangue mineral occurrence frequency.