• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1139-1144
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• 2009

It has been known that brassiolide (BL) increased the positive gravitropic response and ethylene production in maize roots. This study examined the relationship between the BL-induced gravitropic response and ethylene Production. The ethylene production was inhibited to about 90% of the control by the treatment of $10^{-4}$ M aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), the ethylene synthesis inhibitor. However, the gravitropic response did not show any significant changes compared to the control at $10^{-4}$ M AVG. In the case of treatment of AVG with BL, the ethylene production decreased to 60% of the control. However, the gravitropic response increased to the level which was induced by BL. Cobalt ions, another ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, inhibited ethylene production, but not gravitropic response. When roots were treated with BL and cobalt ions, they showed the inhibition of ethylene production and promotion of gravitropic response. To elucidate the possibility that the effect of BL is related to auxin transport, roots were treated with TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), an auxin transport inhibitor. Both treatment of TIBA alone and TIBA with BL stimulated ethylene production to about 96% and 132%, respectively. However, gravitropic response was completely inhibited in both treatments. Further, roots treated with BL in the presence of TIBA and IAA showed a negative gravitropic response, which means that IAA accumulates in the upper side of horizontal roots. Root elongation was also stimulated in this treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that BL might affect the differential distribution of internal IAA on roots, causing the regulation of positive gravitropic response.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.455-461
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• 2017

In this paper, a local DL (Data Line) sensing method with smaller parasitic capacitance replacing the previous distributed DB sensing method with large parasitic capacitance is proposed to reduce the time to transfer BL (Bit Line) voltage to DL in the read mode. A new BL switching circuit turning on NMOS switches faster is also proposed. Furthermore, the access time is reduced to 35.63ns from 40ns in the read mode and thus meets the requirement since BL node voltage is clamped at 0.6V by a DL clamping circuit instead of precharging the node to VDD-VT and a differential amplifier are used. The layout size of the designed 512Kb EEPROM memory IP based on a $0.13{\mu}m$ BCD is $923.4{\mu}m{\times}1150.96{\mu}m$ ($=1.063mm^2$).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.385-398
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• 1997

The location and local arrangement of motor, sensory neurons within brain stem, nodose ganglia, spinal ganglia and sympathetic ganglia projecting to rat's kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25 were investigated by HRP immunohistochemical methods following injection of 5% WGA-HRP into left kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25. Following injection of WGA-HRP into left kidney, anterogradely labelled sensory neurons were founded within either nodose ganglia and spinal ganglia. The sensory neurons innervating rat's left kidney were observed within spinal ganglia $T_{7}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's left kidney were labelled within left suprarenal ganglia, either celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{1}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic chain ganglia were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_1$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were founded within spinal ganglia $T_{2}{\sim}L_2$. They were numerous in spinal in ganglia $T_{10}{\sim}T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were observed in suprarenal ganglia and greater splanchnic trunk, sympathetic chain ganglia from $T_1$ to $L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within spinal ganglia $T_{6}{\sim}T_{13}$. They were numerous in from T10 to $T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within greater splanchnic trunk and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{13}{\sim}L_1$. This results neuroanatomically imply that the location of rat's motor and sensory neurons innervating meridian point BL 23 and GB 25 were closely related that of innervating kidney.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate acupoints and muscles used for cosmetic acupuncture. We want most clinicians practicing cosmetic acupuncture to understand theoretical background well and to treat cosmetic diseases more diversely by this paper. Methods : We collected useful informations from some books and websites about cosmetic acupuncture and thus could select major acupoints and muscles. Conculsions : The most frequently used acupoints for cosmetic acupoints are as follows ; LI20, ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST8, SI18, SI19, BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4, TE17, TE18, TE19, TE20, TE21, TE22, TE23, GB1, GB2, GB3, GB4, GB5, GB6, GB7, GB8, GB13, GB14, GV20, GV21, GV22, GV23, GV24, GV25, GV26 and CV24. And head and neck muscles including SCM muscle, plastyma, frontalis, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, auricularis, temporalis, masseter, pterygoid, zygomaticus and risorius can be used for cosmetic acupuncture. Most acupoints and muscles are located in face and head, which seemed to be concerned with formation of face wrinkles.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.608-612
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• 2007

A 4-year-old castrated male Cocker spaniel was referred with chief complaint of pelvic limbs paralysis and trembling. This dog was diagnosed as a case of myelomalacia complicated with intervertebral disc disease(IVDD) by radiography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). This patient was treated by injection-AP with apitoxin, herbal medicine and moxibustion. The acupoints such as GV02-1, GV04, GV11, GV12, GV13, GV14, BL11, BL18, BL23, BL25, BL28, GB21, HT07, KI03, LI04, LU07, SI03, SI06, ST36, ST38, ST39, ST40, ST41, GB30, GB31, GB34, Liv03, SP06 and trigger points($T1{\sim}T4\;and\;T9{\sim}L1$) were used for treatment. At the session 1, the dog could not stand and move the limbs. However, gradual improvement of clinical signs was observed after 7, 14 and 21 session of treatment. Although the clinical signs related to pelvic paralysis were not completely abolished with TVM methods, this case showed the marked improvement of clinical signs after 21 sessions of treatment. In conclusion, the present patient was a case with canine myelomalacia complicated with IVDD which showed not so complete but somewhat improvement by TVM method.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.117-141
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• 2001

From documentary comparative study on the chief virtues of the Back-Su(兪) points and the Front-Mo(募) points, the following results are obtained : 1. Contrast the Back-Su(兪) points with the Front-Mo(募) points, the needle-steadying depth of the Front-Mo(募) points is deeper than that of the Back-Su(兪) points. and Moxibustion dosage of the Front-Mo(募) points is more than that of the Back-Su(兪) points. 2. In the case of Kimun(LR14) and Kansu(BL18), Kergwol(CV12) and Shimsu(BL15), Chungwan(CV12) and Wisu(BL21), Kyungmun(GB25) and Shinsu(BL23), the Back-Su(兪) points can be chiefly used for the treatment of acute disease, external disease, exess disease and Jang(臟)-disease. contrary the Front-Mo(募) points can be chiefly used for the treatment of chronic disease, internal disease, deficiency disease and Bu(腑)-disease. 3. In the case of Kwangwon(CV4) and Sojangsu(BL27), Serkmoon(CV5) and Samchosu(BL22), Changmun(LR13) and Bisu(BL20), Chungbu(LV1) and Pesu(BL20), Chungguk(CV3) and Banggwangsu(BL28), the Front-Mo(募) points can be used for the treatment of unbalanced visceral funtion. contrary the Back-Su(兪) points can be used for not only the treatment of unbalanced visceral funtion but also the treatment of attached organs. 4. The Back-Su(兪) points can be used for the treatment of acute disease, external disease, exess disease, Jang(臟)-disease and attached organs-disease. contrary the Front-Mo(募) points can be chiefly used for the treatment of chronic disease, internal disease, deficiency disease, and Bu(腑)-disease.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.295-300
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• 2013

Der f 2 is the group 2 major allergen of a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) and its function has been recently suggested. To determine the optimal condition of sensitization to recombinant Der f 2 (rDer f 2) in murine model of asthma, we compared the effectiveness with different adjuvants in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Mice from both strains sensitized with rDer f 2 by intraperitoneal injection or subcutaneous injection on days 1 and 14. The dosage was $20{\mu}g$. Freund's adjuvants with pertussis toxin (FP) or alum alone were used as adjuvants. On days 28, 29, and 30, mice were challenged intranasally with 0.1% rDer f 2. We evaluated airway hyperresponsivenss, eosinophil proportion in lung lavage, airway inflammation, and serum allergen specific antibody responses. Naive mice were used as controls. Airway hyperresponsiveness was increased in C57BL/6 with FP, and BALB/c with alum (PC200: $13.5{\pm}6.3$, $13.2{\pm}6.7$ vs. >50 mg/ml, p<0.05). The eosinophil proportion was increased in all groups; C57BL/6 with FP, BALB/c with FP, C57BL/6 with alum, BALB/c with alum ($24.8{\pm}3.6$, $20.3{\pm}10.3$, $11.0{\pm}6.9$, $5.7{\pm}2.8$, vs. $0.0{\pm}0.0$%, p<0.05). The serum allergen specific IgE levels were increased in C57BL/6 with FP or alum (OD: $0.8{\pm}1.4$, $1.1{\pm}0.8$, vs. $0.0{\pm}0.0$). C57BL/6 mice were better responders to rDer f 2 and as for adjuvants, Freund's adjuvant with pertussis toxin was better.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 1996

Poly(3-hydroxybutylate) 및 그들 유도체의 화학적 합성을 위해 ${\gamma}$-butyrolactone(${\gamma}$BL)과 ${\gamma}$-valerolactone(${\gamma}$VL)을 사용 ${\gamma}$-butyrolactone($\beta$BL) 과의 개환중합을 시도했다. 공중합체는 5원황 락톤 단위를 포함한 코폴리에스테르를 $BF_{3}$. $OR_{t2}$ 촉매하에서 고상(bluk state)중합에 의해 얻었고, 이러한 방법으로 합성한 코폴리머의 구조를$^{1}H NMR$과 $^{13}C NMR$분석법으로 결정했다. 그결과 $\beta$BL, ${\gamma}$BL과 ${\gamma}$VL의 첨가비가 증가함에 따라 수율은 저하되었고, 또한 ${\gamma}$VL의 경우 4HV의 증가가 34~35%가 한계로써, ${\gamma}$VL의 첨가비가 0.5 (${\gamma}$VL/$\beta$VL=50/50)보다 증가 할지라도 안정상태를 유지하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.76-76
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• 2019

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the asthma-suppressive and immune-regulatory effect of AHCR-HA(ASARI HERBA CUM RADICE Herbal-acupuncture) at Pyesu(BLl3) on OVA(ovalbumin)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice out of all the experimental groups, except the Normal group and the AHCR-HA group, were sensitized and challenged with OVA The mice in the AHCR-HA group and the OVA-AHCR-HA group were treated with AHCR-HA(1%) at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Saline group were injected with saline at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Needle-Prick group were treated with a single prick with an injection needle at Pyesu(BL13). AHCR-HA saline injection and needle prick were administered for 8 weeks, three times a week. Result : 1. The populations of granulocytes, CD3e-/CCR3+ cells, CD69+/CD3e+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD23+/B220+ cells in the OVA-induced asthmatic mouse lungs decreased significantly by AHCR-HA. 2. The lung weight, total cells in lung, total leukocytes in BALF, eosinophils in BALF, collagen accumulation in the lung sections of the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 3.The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF and serum of the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 4. The numbers of Gr-1+/CD11b+, CCR3+, CD3e+, CD19+, CD3e+/CD69+cells in the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 5. The mRAN expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in lung of the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 6. The AHCR-HA group didn't show any considerable difference from the Normal group. The OVA-saline group and the OVA-Needle prick group showed suppressive effects on OVA-induced asthma however they were not statistically significant. Conclusion : These results suggest that AHCR-HA at Pyesu(BL13) is considered to be effective in treating asthma and to be put to practical use in the future asthma clinic.