• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as $Phragmites$ $communis$ which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300 ha was 2,000 MT (7 MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,000~55,000 won per roll (110 won/kg). $Phragmites$ $communis$ of 150 cm in length contained 8.4% crude protein (CP) with relative feed value (RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of $Phragmites$ $communis$ varied greatly by the time of harvest (CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, and IVDMD 41.9~53.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of $Phragmites$ $communis$ silage of was poorer than that of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of $Phragmites$ $communis$ was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79 cm to 117 cm, 121 cm or to 142 cm in length. In Wonju, the quality values of $Phragmites$ $communis$ of 130 cm in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220 cm in length were lower (10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding $Phragmites$ $communis$ was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including $Phragmites$ $communis$ in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that $Phragmites$ $communis$ and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-63
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• 1989

Geochemical characteristics of the Guryongsan (Ogcheon) uraniferous black slate show that this is an analogue to the conventional Chattanooga and Alum shales in occurrences. Whereas, its highest enrichment ratio in metals including uranium, among others, is explained by the cyclic sedimentation of the black muds and quartz-rich silts, and the uniform depositional condition with some what higher pH condition compared to the conditions of the known occurrences. The cyclic sedimentation, caused by the periodic open and close of the silled basin, has brought about the flush-out) of the uranium depleted water and the recharge with the new metal-rich sea water, which consequently contributed to the high concentration of metals in mud. The metal-rich marine black muds, which mostly occur in the early to middle Palaeozoic times, is attributed by the geologic conditions which related to the atmospheric oxygen contents, and these are scarcely met in the late Precambrian and/or with the onset of Palaeozoic era in the geologic evolution of the earth.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2011

'Younghan' (Hordeum vulgare L.), a winter barley for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2008. It was derived from a cross between $F_1$['YB3433-3B-5'/'YB3135-3B-2-3'] and 'YB3135-3B-2-3'. 'SB971305-B-B-B-4-4' line was selected for its earliness, resistance to disease and good agronomic characteristics. The promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance in the yield trials in Iksan in 2004 to 2005, and designated as 'Iksan420'. The line was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and yield at eight locations throughout Korea for two years from 2007 to 2008 and finally named as 'Younghan'. It has the growth habit of IV, erect plant type, green leaf and thick culm in diameter. Its heading date was April 24, and the maturing date was May 25 in paddy field conditions, which were one day earlier than those of the check cultivar 'Youngyang'. The cultivar 'Younghan' had better winter hardiness, and resistance to lodging and BaYMV than those of the check cultivar did. The average forage dry matter yield of 'Younghan' was approximately 12.0 MT/ha in adapted region. 'Younghan' also showed 8.5% of crude protein content, 27.2% of ADF, and 67.1% of TDN, including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for (area with daily minimum temperature in January) above $-8^{\circ}C$ in Korean peninsula.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.495-501
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• 2019

Aloin [1,8-Dihydroxy-10-(${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone], is a natural anthraquinone from aloe. It has been shown to have antioxidant and anticancer effects in various types of human cancer cells, but the anticancer effects of aloin in human colorectal cancer cells HT-29 have not been elucidated. In this study, possible mechanisms by which aloin exerts its apoptotic action in cultured human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells were investigated. The results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay shows that treatment with aloin (0, 100, 200, 300 and $400{\mu}M$) reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner in HT-29 and showed no effects on cell proliferation in A375SM and AGS cells. In addition, it was confirmed that apoptotic body was significantly increased as shown by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and increased apoptosis rate by flow cytometry in HT-29 cells treated with aloin (0, 200 and $400{\mu}M$). We confirmed by western blotting that aloin activated Bax (pro-apoptotic), cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3, -8 and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) were not changed compared with the control. Aloin induced up-regulation of phospho-p38 and down-regulation of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Therefore, aloin suppressed the growth inhibitory effects by the induction of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells and has potential as a cancer preventive medicine.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

This study was performed to measure the antioxidative, antimutagenic, and cytotoxic properties of Prunus armeniaca using the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical donating method, the Ames test, and cytotoxicity measurements, respectively. Electron-donating abilities were 48.3, 43.9, 14.8 and 12.9 per g dry matter of P. armeniaca seed (PAS), P. armeniaca flesh(PAF), butylated hydroxytoluene, and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, respectively. The direct antimutagenic effects of an ethanol extract of P. armeniaca were examined in Ames tests using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 as reporter organisms. In the Ames test, the ethanol extract of P. armenicaca alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but the extract did show substantial inhibitory effects against mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO). The ethanol extract of PAS(200g dry matter/plate) inhibited strain TA98 mutagenesis induced by 4NQO by ca. 37.9%, and mutation inhibition values of 42.1% and 69.4%, respectively, were observed when 4NQO and MNNG acted on the TA100 strain. The cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts of P. armeniaca against cell lines of human lung carcinoma(A549), human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7), human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma(HeLa), and human gastric carcinoma(AGS) rose with increases in extract concentration. An ethanol extract(4mg/mL dry matter) of PAF showed strong cytotoxicities of 88.2%, 58%, 72.8%, 89.4%, and 91.9% against A549, AGS, MCF-7, HeLa, and Hep3B cells, respectively. In contrast, the same extract showed only 13 37% cytotoxicity for a nomal human kiney cell line(293). It is suggested that P. armeniaca possesses useful antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.600-605
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• 2010

'Dagreen' (Scale cereal L.), a new rye variety was developed from the open pollination among 10 rye lines at the National Institute of Crop Science in 1995 and mass selection were made at National Institute of Crop Science from 1996 to 1999. Recurrent selections were made at Dept. Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA from 2000 to 2006. This new variety has erect plant type with medium size pale green leaves. The number of spike per $m^2$ was 713 and the plant height was 103cm. The heading date of 'Dagreen' was April 24 which was 7 days earlier than that of "Koolgrazer". It was adaptable for forage use at an early stage as a whole crop. Lodging resistance was higher than that of check variety 'Koolgrazer'. The chemical components and quality of forage showed 10.2 % crude protein, 36.6 % ADF, 62.4 % NDF and 59.9 % TDN. 'Dagreen' showed high resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust than those of check variety in the field condition. The average dry matter (7,010kg $ha^{-1}$) of 'Dagreen' harvested at April 28 were 6 % higher than 'Koolgrazer'. This variety is recommended for all of the rye cultivation area in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.674-678
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• 2010

A new sweetpotato variety, 'Daeyumi', was developed by Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2008. This variety was obtained from the cross between 'Jinhongmi' and 'Xusju 18' in 2000. The seedling and line selections were performed from 2001 to 2003, preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2004 to 2005, and the regional yield trials were conducted at six locations from 2006 to 2008. 'Daeyumi' has cordate leaf, green vine and petiole, elliptic storage root, red skin and yellow flesh color of storage root. This variety is also resistant to Fusarium wilt and nematode. The starch value was 25.9%, ethanol yield was 418 L/Ton, which was 7% higher than that of 'Yulmi' variety, and the total sugar content was 2.47 g/100g, dry weight. 'Daeyumi's initial temperature of starch gelatinization was lower, 76.2$^{\circ}C$, and the retrogradation process was earlier than 'Yulmi'. The average yield of storage root was 27.8 ton/ha in the regional yield trials, which was 36% higher than that of 'Yulmi' variety. Number of storage roots over 50 gram per plant was 3.0, and the average weight of one storage root was 152 gram. This variety can be used for the production of bioethanol and starch processing.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2011

'Youho' (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatable forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2008. It was derived from the cross between 'Suwon339' and 'Suwon355'. Among the cross made in 1999, a promising line, SB992047-B-B-B-6-2, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested at Iksan from 2005 to 2006. In 2007, it was designated as 'Iksan431' and placed in regional yield trials at eight locations in Korea for two years from 2007 to 2008, and was released as the name of 'Youho'. It has the growth habit of group II, erect plant type, green leaf and hood spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on Apr. 24 and May 26, respectively, which are similar to check cultivar 'Yuyeon'. 'Youho' also showed weaker winter hardiness, but better resistance to lodging, shattering and BaYMV than those of check cultivar. It showed higher crude protein content, grade of silage quality than those of check cultivar. The average forage dry matter yield in the regional yield trial was about 14.1, $10.9MT\;ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 1% to 4% lower than that of the check cultivar. This cultivar would be suitable for the area whose daily minimum temperature was above $-8^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.679-683
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• 2010

'Yeonjami' is a new sweetpotato variety developed for table use by Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2008. This variety was selected from the cross between 'Ayamurasakki' and 'Poly Cross' in 2000, and seedling and line selections were practiced from 2001 to 2003. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2004 to 2005. The regional yield trials were conducted at six locations from 2006 to 2008. 'Yeonjami' has cordate leaf, green vine and petiole, long elliptic storage root, purple skin and light purple flesh color of storage root. The average yield of storage root was 25.9 ton/ha in the regional yield trials, which was 15% higher than that of 'Sinjami' variety. Number of storage roots over 50 gram per plant was 2.9, and the average weight of one storage root was 153 gram. This variety was partly-resistant to Fusarium wilt and nematode. In addition, steamed 'Yeonjami' has higher polyphenol contents as 139.6 mg/100 g and higher biological activities as, which may improve the bioactivity in human.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.74-78
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• 2018

Purpose $[^{11}C]$acetate has been proved useful in detecting the myocardial oxygen metabolism and various malignancies including prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and brain tumors. The purpose of study was to improve the radiosynthesis yield of $[^{11}C]$acetate on a automated radiosynthesis module. Materials and Methods $[^{11}C]$acetate was prepared by carboxylation of grignard reagent, methylmagnesium chloride, with $[^{11}C]$$CO_2$ gas, followed by hydrolysis with 1 mM acetic acid and purification using solid phase extraction cartridges. The effect of the reaction temperature ($0^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $-55^{\circ}C$) and cyclotron beam time (10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min) on the radiosynthesis yield were investigated in the $[^{11}C]$acetate labeling reaction. Results The maximum radiosynthesis yield was obtained at $-10^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature. The radioactivities of $[^{11}C]$acetate acquired at $-10^{\circ}C$ reaction temperature was 2.4 times higher than those of $[^{11}C]$acetate acquired at $-55^{\circ}C$. Radiosynthesis yield of $[^{11}C]$acetate increased with increasing cyclotron beam time. Conclusion This study shows that radiosynthesis yield of $[^{11}C]$acetate highly dependent on reaction temperature. The best radiosynthesis yield was obtained in reaction of grignard reagent with $[^{11}C]$$CO_2$ at $-10^{\circ}C$. This radiolabeling conditions will be ideal for routine clinical application.