• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2003

This study was performed to compare nutrient intake, bone density, total cholesterol and blood glucose in women who lived in Taegu city. The number of subjects participated in the study was 89 and they were classified into 3 groups by age. 30.3% of the subject were in their 20-34 years of age, 37.1% were in their 35～49 years of age and 32.6% were above fifty. A dietary record method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight, height and WHR, and blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol and BMD were measured. The results were as follows, mean weight, WHR, SBP, and blood glucose and total cholesterol of the subjects above 50 years old were significantly higher than those of 20-49 years of age(p<0.05). Mean bone density in calcaneus of subjects aged above fifty was lower than those of under 49 years of age(p<0.05). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, WHR and SBP were positively correlated with age(p<0.01). WHR and body fat were positively correlated with BMI(p<0.01). Waist circumference was positively correlated with SBP(p<0.01). Bone mineral density was negatively correlated with age and SBP(p<0.01). Also BMD was positively correlated with weight(p<0.05). Energy intakes was positively correlated with bone mineral density(p<0.05). Fat intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). Calcium intakes was negatively correlated with SBP(p<0.05). Ca/P ratio was negatively correlated with age(p<0.05) and WHR(p<0.01). Zinc intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). From the findings, it is suggested that the women after menopause keep the optimum body weight and good eating habits. Especially intake of good quality protein, calcium and carbohydrate seemed to be important.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Objectives: We analyzed the correlation between physique and size of the dental arch of college students with normal occlusion. Methods: Ninety-nine college students filled out the prepared questionnaire. The length and width of the dental arch of the students was measured using a plaster model after taking an impression. The data were analyzed using the t-test and correlational analysis. Results: The maxilla arch length was 3.70 mm longer and the inter-molar width of the maxilla was 3.06 mm longer in men (both p<0.01) than in women. Additionally, the mandible was 3.66 mm longer in men as compared to those in the women (p<0.01). As height increased, there was increase in the body weight (α=0.683, p<0.01), maxilla arch length (α=0.373, p<0.01), molar width of the maxilla (α=0.214, p<0.05), and the mandible (α=0.280, p<0.01). The greater the weight increase, the greater the maxillary arch length increase (α=0.392, p<0.01), and the greater the molar width of the maxilla (α=0.336, p<0.01) and mandible (α=0.502, p<0.01) increase. Conclusions: As physical size (both height and weight) increased, the maxillary length and molar width also increased. Based on the results of this study, the cause of malocclusion, form and size of the dental arch, and stable occlusion can be used as basic data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Experiments were conducted to evaluated the sucker control efficiency of several suckercides and their combinations for flue-cured tobacco in Korea. In 1999, Flumetralin(Prime+, P+), Butralin(B), Fatty alcohol(FA, n-decanol 85%), pottasium salt of maleic hydrazide(MH), tank mix of MH with P+ (MH·P+), and another tank mix of MH with FA(MH·FA) were applied after topping, respectively, then sucker number and sucker dry weight were investigated on the 30th and 50th day from treatment. Sucker number and dry weight were significantly lowered by P+, B, FA and MH·P+ applications compared with those of MH and MH·FA for both investigated periods. A significant reduction in sucker number and dry weight was observed in P+, B, and MH·P+ applications. FA treatment was not so much effective in sucker control as P+. In 1999 and 2000, several suckercides and tank mixes of their combinations were applied first at button stage and second after topping, respectively, to compare the effects of sucker control on yield, price index and chemical components of cured leaves. Compared to the standard method of FA 30x at button stage followed by MH40x application after topping(FA 30x + MH 40x), sucker number and dry weight decreased by [FA 30x (or P+ 1%] or [FA 30x(or B 1.5%) + MH 60x·B 1.5%] treatments, even at reduced MH levels. But yield, price index and chemical components of cured leaves were not differed among treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1616-1623
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effect of hot environment and dietary crude protein level (CP) on performance, carcass characteristics, meat visual quality, muscle chemical composition and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of tissues in broilers. Two hundred and sixteen 21-d old Arbor Acre broilers were used in a $4\times3$ factorial arrangement and randomly reared in 4 environmental chambers and fed on 3 diets with different CP levels for 3 weeks. The results showed: (1) when air temperature (AT) rose to $33^{\circ}C$, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, carcass weight, right breast meat weight, left thigh and drumstick meat weight decreased (p<0.05) and feed conversion rate decreased (p<0.05), but the ratio of carcass to live weight and of left thigh and drumstick meat weight to carcass weight increased (p<0.05). (2) There were significant differences in pH and shear force in breast meat, and shear force, L* and a* in thigh meat (p<0.01 or 0.05) among hot environments. Dietary CP level tended to affect breast meat pH and pH and L* of thigh meat (p<0.06 or 0.09). Compared to the normal temperature ($22^{\circ}C$), low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) and hot humid (AT $33^{\circ}C$, relative humidity (RH) 80%) treatments significantly (p<0.05) decreased the tenderness of thigh meat. L* and a* value in thigh meat under high temperature treatments, regardless of RH, were higher (p<0.05) than those under normal temperature. (3) Protein content in breast and thigh meat of broilers fed under high temperature ($33^{\circ}C$) was lower (p<0.05) than that under $22^{\circ}C$, but fat content had an adverse change. High temperature ($33^{\circ}C$) increased the moisture of breast meat significantly (p<0.05). Protein content in breast meat increased significantly (p<0.05), in which fat content had an adverse change (p<0.05), when the dietary protein rose. (4) MDA concentration in liver and breast meat under hot humid (AT $33^{\circ}C$, RH 80%) treatment increased markedly (p<0.05). (5) High humidity could sharpen the bad effect of high temperature on performance, carcass yield and choice cuts, crude protein and moisture content in breast meat. It was concluded that a hot environment could affect the performance and meat quality of broiler chicks more significantly than CP level and that high humidity would aggravate the bad influence of high temperature on the broiler.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1470-1477
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• 2006

One hundred and sixty crossbred pigs ($6.62{\pm}0.36kg$) weaned at day $18{\pm}1$ were used to investigate the effects of lactitol and tributyrin on performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The pigs were assigned to one of five dietary groups (4 pens/diet with 8 pigs/pen) and were fed the negative control diet or the negative control diet supplemented with 10 g/kg glutamine (as a positive control), or 3 g/kg lactitol (${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-D-sorbitol), or 5 g/kg tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester), or 3 g/kg lactitol+5 g/kg tributyrin. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly during the 4-week study. On day 7, four pigs per dietary treatment were sacrificed to examine small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the negative control diet, the positive control diet improved weight gain and feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and over the entire study (p<0.05), and also decreased duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05), but did not alter intestinal enzyme activity (p>0.05). Lactitol improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05), but did not improve weight gain and feed intake, intestinal morphology or enzyme activity (p>0.05). Tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study. Tributyrin significantly decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum, and increased duodenal lactase and ileal maltase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased weight gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, and improved feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased the jejunal villus height, and decreased the duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin also increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). (2) Compared with the positive control, tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 (p<0.05), decreased the ileal crypt depth, and improved the duodenal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+ tributyrin improved weight gain during weeks 3-4, improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, increased the ileal villus height, and increased jejunal lactase, sucrase and maltase activity (p<0.05). These results showed that tributyrin improved performance, intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, while the effect of lactitol was very limited. These results also showed that, compared with glutamine, tributyrin was more effective in improving intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, and tributyrin exerted a superior effect in improving performance as weaning progressed. These observations suggest that, as a chemical for repairing intestinal atrophy, glutamine and tributyrin should be used in the first and second periods of the starter phase, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2012

The widespread pursuit of a thin physique may have a detrimental impact on the wellbeing of preadolescents. The influence of body image distortions on the lifestyles, dieting behaviors, and psychological factors was investigated in 631 fifth and sixth grade children in Kyeonggi-do, Korea. Children were classified into three weight groups (underweight, normal, and overweight) and three perception groups (underestimation, normal, and overestimation). Necessary information was obtained by questionnaire, and each subject's weight status was determined by the Rohrer index calculated from the annual measurement records, which were obtained from the school. According to their current weights, 57.4% of children were normal and 32.2% were overweight or obese, 16.6% of the children overestimated their body weight, and 55.2% had an undistorted body image. Overweight children had desirable lifestyles and dietary habits and presented reasonable weight control behaviors. Compared to those without distortion, the overestimated group had greater interest in weight control ($P$ = 0.003) and dissatisfaction with their body weights ($P$ = 0.011), presented unhealthy reasons to lose weight ($P$ = 0.026), and had higher scores for "feeling sad when comparing own body with others" ($P$ = 0.000) and for "easily getting annoyed and tired" ($P$ = 0.037), even though they had similar obesity indices. More subjects from the overestimation group ($P$ = 0.006) chose drama/movies as their favorite TV programs, suggesting a possible role for the media in body image distortion. These findings suggest that body image distortion can lead preadolescents to develop stress about obesity and unhealthy dieting practices, despite similar obesity indices to those without distorted body images. These results emphasize the importance of having an undistorted body image.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2005

With the aim of diagnostic research on health education. the health promoting behaviors related to elementary school students' weight control. life satisfaction. health state. self-efficacy. parent's interest and knowledge about weight control and school health education of weight control were investigated on the basis of the PRECEDE model. The data for this study were collected from a sample at an elementary school in Chongju for 5 days in July. 2004. In analyzing the data. t-test. one-way ANOVA. chi-square test and multiple regression analysis were done by using SPSS 10.1 The results were as follows : 1. The elementary school students' level of life satisfaction was above half of the full point. The score difference of life satisfaction was statistically significant by grade and academic achievement(F=4.646. p=.010. F=16.042. p=.000). 2. The perceived level of health state was moderate for all students. Normal weight students' level was significantly higher than obese students' (t=3.667. p=.000). 3. The perceived level of health promoting behaviors related to weight control was above the moderate. The perceived level of health promoting behaviors related to weight control in the obese students was significantly higher than that in normal weight students(t=-2.225. p=.027). The students used computer for 1.48 hours and watched TV for 2.52 hours a day. 4. The score of health promoting behavior self-efficacy in this subject was 70.61. 5. The parents' level of interest in the obese students' weight control was significantly higher than that in the normal weight students(t=-4.86. p=.000). 6. Sixty-six percent of the students learned about weight control education in school. 7. The health promoting behavior self-efficacy among the educational diagnostic variables was the most influential variable in students' health promoting behaviors related to weight control. This research diagnosed the needs of weight control education in elementary school by assessing various factors related to weight control behaviors. The research findings suggest that we can enhance the prevention of childhood obesity by strengthening the related factors such as parents' knowledge and interest, health promoting behaviors and self-efficacy related to weight control in school health education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of weight ball throw training as a preparatory exercise before golf practice for 8 weeks on back muscle strength, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance of amateur golfers. METHODS: A total of 18 subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=9) and the control group (n=9), respectively. For the experimental group, Weight ball throw training was provided to the height of waist and shoulder similar to golf swing with the following schedule: 3 kg weight ball throw training from the first week to the 4th week; 5 kg weight ball throw training from the 5th week to the 8th week. Before and after 8 weeks of training, back muscle strength, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance of subjects in the two groups were measured. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant differences in rotational back extension torque, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance during golf swing (p<.05). However, the control group only showed significant difference in driving distance during golf swing (p<.05). Back extension torque, weight shifting of lower body, and head speed of club showed significant differences between the two groups during golf swing (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Weight ball throw training can positively change rotational back muscle strength, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance of amateur golfers. Therefore, it might be used as an effective warming up exercise for amateur golfers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.684-687
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• 2004

A study was conducted to determine the effect of live weight of pheasants on egg production and egg quality characteristics. A total of 48 ring-necked pheasants were divided into control, heavy, middle and light BW groups. Live weights of the control were 1,187 g, 1,352.92 g for heavy group, 1,247.92 g for middle group and 1,003.33 g for light group. Egg production of groups were found as 47.32, 42.82, 45.79 and 46.51% respectively, in 10 weeks of period. There were no statistical differences on egg production among the groups. The effect of live weight on egg weight, shape index, specific gravity, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh Unit, yolk weight and albumen weight were found statistically significant (p<0.05). The effect of live weight on albumen index, membrane weight and membrane thickness were found not important (p>0.05). On the other hand, other important factors to be effective on the egg quality of pheasants should be investigated. As a result of this study, live weight of pheasant hens is not an important factor to obtain high egg production in pheasants. But, body conformation of breeding materials should be in good conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.252-259
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of progressive body weight decrease combined with increasing level of overground walking speed training for patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Eighteen subjects with chronic stroke were composed of the control group (5% body weight support combined with increasing speed training) and the experimental group (progressive body weight decrease with increasing speed training); three sets, three times per week over a period of four weeks. Results: Significant differences in terms of comfortable gait speed (CGS) and the rate of change of CGS were observed between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05). However, no significant difference in the dynamic gait index was observed between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05). A significant difference in the 6 minute walking test (6MWT) was observed for the experimental group, and a significant difference in the rate of change for the 6MWT was observed between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The progressive body weight decrease combined with increasing in level of overground walking speed training may be a better and more effective method for community walking and reintegration.