• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.38.1-38.9
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• 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disturbing and advanced neurodegenerative disease and is characterized pathologically by the accumulation of amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) and the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins in the brain. The deposition of $A{\beta}$ aggregates triggers synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration, which lead to cognitive disorders. Here, we found that FF isolated from an eatable perennial brown seaweed E.bicyclis protect against $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with two amyloid precursor protein (APP) constructs: the APP695 cDNA (SH-SY5Y-APP695swe). The FF demonstrated strong inhibitory activity for ${\beta}$-secretase ($IC_{50}$ $16.1{\mu}M$) and its inhibition pattern was investigated using Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots, and found to be non-competitive. Then, we tested whether FF could inhibit production of $A{\beta}$ in SH-SY5Y-APP695swe. FF inhibited the production of $A{\beta}$ and soluble-APP, residue of APP from cleaved APP by ${\beta}$-secretase. Our data show that FF can inhibit the production of $A{\beta}$ and soluble-$APP{\beta}$ via inhibition of ${\beta}$-secretase activity. Taken together these results suggest that FF may be worthy of future study as an anti-AD treatment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 1991

The existence in nature of two isomers of 28-nortriterpenes is known. One is normal D/E cis form and the other is $17\alpha$-hydrogen D/E trans form. Since the latter cannot exist with ring D in the chair conformation, the chiroptical method is not applicable to determination of the absolute configuration. The stereochemical assignment would now be made by NMR data. Confirmation of this view could be provided by the synthesis of $3\beta, 21\beta-{dihydroxy-16-keto-28-nor-17}\alpha, \;18\beta-{olean-12-ene}$ as a model compound.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2003

Hepatic fibrosis is a common response to various chronic hepatic injuries and occurs as a consequence of the transformation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts (MFBs) producing abnormal extracellular matrix which is mainly induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-${\beta}$), especially TGF-${\beta}$1 [1,2]. As the liver becomes fibrotic, there are both quantitative and qualitative changes in several pathological markers related to the hepatic fibrosis. These fibrotic markers in liver are mainly consisted of several proteins and cytokines, but sometimes included specific type cells. The aim of this study was to detect expression and change of markers (TGF-${\beta}$, mallory body, cytokeratin, ${\alpha}$-SMA, hypoxia, collagen) during hepatic fibrogenesis. (omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1987-1992
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• 2015

The aim of this research was to investigate the possible association between gastric carcinoma (GC) and polymorphisms of the IL-$1{\beta}$ gene in the Kashmiri population using peripheral blood DNA from 150 gastric carcinoma cases and 250 population controls with detailed data for clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. Two SNPs in the IL-$1{\beta}$ gene were selected for this study. Expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ was studied in 50 gastric carcinoma cases using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and then correlated with genotype. The frequency of the IL-$1{\beta}$-511 C allele was significantly higher in the GC case group (53.3%) than in controls (45.4%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.73 and a P value of 0.03. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations of gastric carcinoma with mutant form of IL-$1{\beta}$-511 TT (OR 0.309; P value <0.001) and the CC genotype of IL-$1{\beta}$-31 (OR 0.313; P value of 0.002). Haplotype analysis of IL-$1{\beta}$-31 and IL-$1{\beta}$-511 showed decreased association of IL-$1{\beta}$-31 T with IL-$1{\beta}$-511 C with gastric carcinoma (OR 0.728; P value 0.03). Expression study of 50 samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR showed association with grade III and stage III+IV. After correlating the expression with polymorphism no association was found.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.181-191
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• 2005

Purpose : ${\beta}$-sitosterol is kind of phytosterols or plant which are structurally similar to cholesterol. This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the ${\beta}$-sitosterol on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : We counted the number of death cells treated with indicated time of the ${\beta}$-sitosterol and investigated cell death rate by cell count assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis. and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results : 1) The inhibitory effect on the growth of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with the ${\beta}$-sitosterol $16{\mu}M$ was increased in a time dependent. 2) The result of flow cytometry analysis, subG1 phase arrest related cell apoptosis was investigated 16.97% in uterine leiomyoma cell treated with the ${\beta}$-sitosterol $16{\mu}M$ and showed the fashion of proportional time dependent. 3) The gene expression of p27, p21 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing time interval but cyclin E-CDK2 complex was decreased expression. 4) The character of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was significantly observed on the time dependent. 5) The expression of pro-caspase 3 and PARP were decreased dependent on treatment with time dependent. Conclusion : This study showed that the ${\beta}$-sitosterol have the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cell and the effect was related with apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2012

SAV2228 has an OB (Oligomer-Binding)-motif which is frequently used for nucleic acid recognition. To characterize the activity of translation initiation factor-1 (IF-1) from Staphylococcus aureus, SAV2228 was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli. We acquired 3D NMR spectra showing well dispersed and homogeneous signals which allow us to assign 94.4% of all $^1HN$, $^{15}N$, $^{13}C{\alpha}$, $^{13}C{\beta}$ and $^{13}CO$ resonances. We could predict a secondary structure of SAV2228 using TALOS and CSI from NMR data. SAV2228 was consisted of one ${\alpha}$-helix and five ${\beta}$-sheets. The predicted secondary structure, ${\beta}-{\beta}-{\beta}-{\alpha}-{\beta}-{\beta}$, was similar to other bacterial IF-1, but it was not completely same to the eukaryotic one. Assigned NMR peaks and secondary structre prediction can be used for the study on interaction with nucleic acid in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

Isolation of phycobiliprotein from S. platensis was performed by using $30-60{\%}$ ammomium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE-Sephacel anionic exchange chromatography. Isolated phycobiliprotein was determined to be a c-phycocyanin with a maximum absorption wavelength at 620 nm. This phycobiliprotein consisted of $({\alpha}$ and $({\beta}$ subunit when analyzed through SDS-PAGE. The molecular weights of $({\alpha}$ and $({\beta}$ subunit were 14.5 kDa and 16 kDa, respectively. The native molecular weight of phycobiliprotein through gel filtration was about 100 kDa. These results show that the structure of phycobiliprotein from S. platensis might be aggregated form of $({\alpha}{\beta})_{3}-trimer$.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.556-564
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• 2007

Purpose : We hypothesized that the persisting bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) of adolescents with asthma remission may be controlled mainly by genetic factors, and the BHR of symptomatic asthma by airway inflammation. ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor gene is considered to be a candidate gene in the development of BHR. Thus, ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism may be associated with the BHR of adolescents with asthma remission, but not with the BHR of symptomatic asthma. To evaluate this hypothesis, ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism at 2 sites (Arg16-Gly, Gln27-Glu) were examined. Methods : Two hundred two adolescents with BHR ($PC_{20}<18\;mg/mL$) and long term remission (neither asthma-related symptoms nor medication during the previous 2 years) of their asthma (remission group), 182 adolescents with symptomatic asthma (symptomatic group), and 200 healthy adolescents (control group) were studied. Asthma phenotypes were determined using methacholine bronchial provocation test and skin prick test. Genotypes of ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor polymorphism were evaluated by PCR-based methods. Results : Gly/Gly allele and Gly16-Gln27 haplotype were more prevalent in the remission group than in the control group (P=0.01, P=0.02), although there was no difference between the symptomatic group and the control group. In the remission group, there was significant difference in geometric mean of $PC_{20}$ among the 3 groups subdivided by the number of Gly16-Gln27 haplotype, showing that the Gly16-Gln27 haplotype was positively associated with BHR. However, no association was found between Gly16-Gln27 haplotype and BHR in the symptomatic group. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptor polymorphism at amino acid 16 and 27 was associated with BHR persisting in adolescents with asthma remission.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.342-352
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical activity practice rates and knowledge related to cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention on the health behavior of middle aged women. Data were collected from Oct to Nov 2017 from 142 middle-aged women living in 24 Eup, Myeon, and Dong areas in North Gyeongsangbuk-do Province using a structured questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The major factors influencing health behavior were found to be alcohol consumption (${\beta}=0.15$, p=0.009), diet (${\beta}=0.16$, p=0.003), vigorous intensity (${\beta}=0.14$, p=0.011), marriage (${\beta}=0.19$, p<0.001), interest in one's own health (${\beta}=0.23$, p<0.001), and health recognition (ill: ${\beta}=0.31$, p<0.001). Alcohol consumption and diet were factors of cardiocerebrovascular knowledge, vigorous intensity was a factor of physical activity practice rate, marriage and interest in one's own health were factors of general characteristics, and health recognition was a factor in health-related characteristics. Health-promotion activity was positively correlated with knowledge regarding cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention (r=0.41, p<0.001) and physical activity practice rate (r=0.44, p<0.001). It will be necessary to develop and apply practical intervention programs based on disease prevention knowledge and physical activity to enhance the health behavior of middle aged women.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aims to assess university freshmen's concern of and satisfaction with their health and body and to analyze this in relation to their health habits, thereby aiding university students in forming sound health habits. Method: The subjects of this study were 338 freshmen at A University, located in B City. The questionnaire had 34 questions and the collected data was analyzed with t-test, $x^2$-test, and multiple regressions. Result: The average points of the subjects' health habits were 6.01 for male and 5.65 for female, showing a median range. Concern about health (male 13.63 points, female 13.10 points) and satisfaction with their own body (male 8.26 points, female 7.71 points) showed no significant difference between males and females. Females had more concern about their body (p=.001), and males' satisfaction with health was higher than females', which was statistically significant (p=.0.41). As for factors that have an effect on health habits, male students had health concerns ($\beta$=.395), health satisfaction ($\beta$=.212), and body concerns ($\beta$=-.209), and female students had health concerns ($\beta$=.317) and health satisfaction ($\beta$=.139). Conclusion: University freshmen are likely to have diverse undesirable health habits and therefore need positive improvement in their health habits.