• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.154-159
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• 2018

Background: To prevent small leakage accidents, a real-time and direct detection system for small leaks with a detection limit below that of existing systems, e.g. $0.5gpm{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, is required. In this study, a small-size beta detector, which can be installed inside the reactor containment (CT) building and detect small leaks directly, was suggested and its feasibility was evaluated using MCNPX simulation. Materials and Methods: A target nuclide was selected through analysis of radiation from radionuclides in the reactor coolant system (RCS) and the spectrum was obtained via a silicon detector simulated in MCNPX. A window was designed to reduce the background signal caused by other nuclides. The sensitivity of the detector was also estimated, and its shielding designed for installation inside the reactor CT. Results and Discussion: The beta and gamma spectrum of the silicon detector showed a negligible gamma signal but it also contained an undesired peak at 0.22 MeV due to other nuclides, not the $^{16}N$ target nuclide. Window to remove the peak was derived as 0.4 mm for beryllium. The sensitivity of silicon beta detector with a beryllium window of 1.7 mm thickness was derived as $5.172{\times}10^{-6}{\mu}Ci{\cdot}cc^{-1}$. In addition, the specification of the shielding was evaluated through simulations, and the results showed that the integrity of the silicon detector can be maintained with lead shielding of 3 cm (<15 kg). This is a very small amount compared to the specifications of the lead shielding (600 kg) required for installation of $^{16}N$ gamma detector in inside reactor CT, it was determined that beta detector would have a distinct advantage in terms of miniaturization. Conclusion: The feasibility of the beta detector was evaluated for installation inside the reactor CT to detect small leaks below $0.5gpm{\cdot}hr^{-1}$. In future, the design will be optimized on specific data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.253-261
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive relationships between the predictors and self-esteem among hemodialysis(HD) patients. Predictive correlational design, participants 154 HD patients in the Seoul. SPSS for Window 22.0 used to perform descriptive statistics, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Regression analysis. The strongest predictor was uncertainty (${\beta}=-.33$, p<.001), economy (${\beta}=.18$, p<.05), occupation (${\beta}=.17$, p<.05) and health status (${\beta}=.16$, p<.05) were followed. A total explained variance was 30.0% of self-esteem (Adjust $R^2=.30$). Managing or preventing uncertainty, providing vocational education in consideration of the dialysis environment, providing employment, increasing economic level, and maintaining good health status are factors that enhance self-esteem. Conducted to investigate the self-esteem of HD patients considering the machine-dependent characteristics, future, provide the data of the study to improve the self-esteem of HD patients. Also, nursing intervention should be developed based on the findings.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.533-537
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• 2001

${\alpha}$-lactalbumin and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin in whey proteins were separated by high performance membrane chromatography (HPMC). The separation mechanism involved anion-exchange, and the stationary phase was anion CIM (Convective Interaction Media) DEAE, QA disk and cation exchanger SO$_3$(16${\times}$3 mm). Two types of mobile phase were used, buffer A (20 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7.3) and buffer B(buffer A + 1 M NaCl), As the amount of NaCl dissolved in buffer linearly increased, which enabled a gradient elution mode. The optimum mobile phase and operating condition (Buffer A/Buffer B = 100/0 - 30/70 vol%, gradient time 1 min, 30/70 - 10/90 vol.%, gradient time 2 min) were experimentally determined. In this experimental condition, ${\alpha}$-lacta1bumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin were separated within 5 min at a mobile phase flow rate of 4 mL/min.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1545-1551
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• 2012

Authors report the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 16 ${\beta}$-agarase from the strain of Agarivorans sp. JA-1, which authors previously stated as recombinant expression and characterization of GH-50 and GH-118 ${\beta}$-agarase. It comprised an open reading frame of 1,362 base pairs, which encodes a protein of 49,830 daltons consisting of 453 amino acid residues. Valuation of the total sequence showed that the enzyme has 98% nucleotide and 99% amino acid sequence similarities to those of GH-16 ${\beta}$-agarase from Pseudoalteromonas sp. CY24. The gene corresponding to a mature protein of 429 amino acids was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. It showed maximal activity at $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0, representing 67.6 units/mg. Thin layer chromatography revealed that mainly neoagarohexaose and neoagarotetraose were produced from agarose. The enzyme would be valuable for the industrial production of functional neoagarooligosaccharides.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.253-284
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine a relative effect of the variables infecting on the education satisfaction of the Womens College for marriage immigrant women established by nonghyup to help improve the quality of life of theirs. By the hierarchical regression, a positive change in life through the education($\beta$=.28), a attitude of sustainable education participation($\beta$=.20), age ($\beta$=.21), whether or not in volunteer experience($\beta$=-.16) affected on the womens the education satisfaction significantly. But an effect of the variable of evaluation on the college education environment was not significant on it. It is conclude that the education for marriage immigrant women should be focused to enhance a adjustment capability of the women and to induce a change of life by supporting a sustainable education and a opportunity of affluent experience.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2018

Ethyl linoleate is an unsaturated fatty acid used in many cosmetics for its various attributes, such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and clinically proven to be an effective anti-acne agent. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethyl linoleate on the melanogenesis and the mechanism underlying its action on melanogenesis in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Our results revealed that ethyl linoleate significantly inhibited melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced B16F10 cells, but it did not directly inhibit activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Ethyl linoleate inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) in governing melanin pigment synthesis. We observed that ethyl linoleate inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ ($GSK3{\beta}$) and reduced the level of ${\beta}-catenin$, suggesting that ethyl linoleate inhibits melanogenesis through $Akt/GSK3{\beta}/{\beta}-catenin$ signal pathway. Therefore, we propose that ethyl linoleate may be useful as a safe whitening agent in cosmetic and a potential therapeutic agent for reducing skin hyperpigmentation in clinics.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2014

A bacterial strain was isolated from homemade doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste) as a producer of the extracellular ${\beta}$-galactosidase, capable of hydrolyzing lactose to liberate galactose and glucose residues. The isolate YB-1414 has been identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of its 16S rDNA sequence, morphology and biochemical properties. The production of ${\beta}$-galactosidase by B. licheniformis YB-1414 reached maximum levels of 6.2 U/ml in culture medium containing wheat bran (1%) and yeast extract (2.5%) as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Particularly, the insoluble fraction was more effective for ${\beta}$-galactosidase production than the soluble extract of wheat bran. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity for hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside (pNP-${\beta}Gal$) under reaction conditions of pH 6.0 and $55-60^{\circ}C$. Its hydrolyzing activity for pNP-${\beta}Gal$ was drastically decreased by the addition of low concentrations of galactose, but only slightly decreased by glucose, with 85% of maximal activity in the presence of 400 mM glucose.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2013

Serum liver enzyme levels are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of liver diseases and the assessment of liver status. They also have epidemiological significance to be prospective risk factors for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease. In the previous study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes have been reported to be associated with serum liver enzyme levels in American population. We aimed to confirm whether the genetic variation of C16orf47 (chromosome 16 open reading frame 47) gene also influence the serum liver enzyme levels in Korean population. We genotyped variants in or near C16orf47 in a population-based sample including 994 unrelated Korean adult. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in C16orf47 gene with serum liver enzyme levels. By examining genotype data of a total of 944 subjects in 5 hospital health promotion center, we discovered the C16orf47 gene polymorphisms are associated with serum liver enzyme levels. The common and highest significant polymorphism was rs7203412 (${\beta}$=3.68, P=3.66E-06) with glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (GOT) and rs7203412 (${\beta}$=6.2, P=7.06E-05) with glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in all group. Furthermore, the SNP rs7203412 was consistently associated with GOT (${\beta}$=6.41, P=6.78E-08) and GPT (${\beta}$=11.53, P=2.81E-06) in men group. Consequently, we found statistically significant SNP in C16orf47 gene that are associated with serum levels of GOT and GPT. In addition, these results suggest that the individuals with the minor alleles of the SNP in the C16orf47 gene may be more elevated serum liver enzyme levels in the Korean population.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 1999

To evaluate the usefulness of transforming growth factor-$\beta$1 (TGF-$\beta$1) as a new tumor marker, we determined the plasma TGF-$\beta$1 levels using sandwich ELISA assay in cancer patients. Patients with three most common adult cancers in Korea (stomach, liver and breast cancer) and children's cancers (leukemia and two kinds of solid tumor) were enrolled for the study. Furthermore, 39 individuals were subjected to age and sex-stratified plasma TGF-$\beta$1 analysis. No statistical difference was demonstrated with respect to age or sex. The mean plasma TGF-$\beta$1 level (16.0 ng/ ml) of stomach cancer patients was significantly higher than that (8.3 ng/ml) of controls. However, there was no difference among the mean plasma TGF-$\beta$1 levels of liver, breast cancer patients and controls. Seven of 16 patients (43.7%) with stomach cancer, one of 8 (12.5%) with liver cancer, and one of 7 (14.3%) with breast cancer showed higher TGF-$\beta$1 levels compared to controls. Plasma TGF-$\beta$1 concentrations of five leukemic children remained in the normal range regardless of the remission state. In contrast, initial high TGF-$\beta$1 levels from two children with solid tumors returned to normal range on surgical resection of tumors. From the above results, we could conclude that plasma TGF-$\beta$1 levels of apparently healthy individuals seem to be rather constant irrespective of difference in age or sex, and the plasma TGF-$\beta$1 has the limited value as a screening test for the diagnosis of aforementioned adult cancers because of its low sensitivity. Finally, additional studies need to be pursed for the large number of stomach cancer and pediatric solid tumor patients in order to reach a secure conclusion on the usefulness of plasma TGF-$\beta$1 as a tumor marker in these patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.317-324
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting body image in adolescents. The subject of study is 140 adolescents in the three middle schools from the J city. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from March 15 to March 29, 2017. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS 20.0 program. Body image was found to be in a significant positive correlation with family strength and self-esteem. The result of the multiple regression indicates the self-esteem(${\beta}=.24$, p<.05), family strength(${\beta}=.19$, p<.05) and gender(${\beta}=.16$, p<.05) predict 17.9% (F=11.10, p<.001) of body image. Therefore, it is necessary to develop self-esteem and family strength strategy intervention program for establishing a right body image of adolescents.