• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1901-1908
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• 2007

The aim of this series of experiments was to examine the opportunity for application of X-ray computer tomography (CT) in cattle production. Firstly, tissue composition of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) cuts between the $11-13^{th}$ ribs (in Exp 1. between the $9-11^{th}$ ribs), was determined by CT and correlated with tissue composition of intact half carcasses prior to dissection and tissue separation. Altogether, 207 animals of different breeds and genders were used in the study. In Exp. 2 and 3, samples were taken from LD cuts, dissected and chemical composition of muscle homogenates was analysed by conventional procedures. Correlation coefficients were calculated among slaughter records, tissues in whole carcasses and tissue composition of rib samples. Results indicated that tissue composition of rib samples determined by CT closely correlated with tissue composition results by dissection of whole carcasses. The findings revealed that figures obtained by CT correlate well with the dissection results of entire carcasses (meat, bone, fat). Close three-way coefficients of correlation (r = 0.80-0.97) were calculated among rib eye area, volume of cut, pixel-sum of adipose tissue determined by CT and intramuscular fat or adipose tissue in entire carcasses. Estimation of tissue composition of carcasses using equations including only CT-data as independent variables proved to be less reliable in prediction of lean meat and bone in carcass ($R^2 = 0.51-0.86$) than for fat (($R^2 = 0.83-0.89$). However, when cold half carcass weight was also included in the equation, the coefficient of determination exceeded $R^2 = 0.90$. In Exp. 3 tissue composition of rib samples by CT were compared to the results of EUROP carcass classification. Findings revealed that CT analysis has higher predictive value in estimation of actual tissue composition of cattle carcasses than EUROP carcass classification.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.698-704
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of diet of Korean safflower(Carthamus tinctorious L.) seed powder on bone tissue during the recovery of rib-fracture in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 10 weeks old, weighing 370$\pm$5g, were divided into two groups including the control group(C group, AIN-76 semipurified diet) and safflower seed group(S group, AIN-76 semipurified diet+10% safflower seed powder) and were fed experimental diets for 12 days after adaptation period. After this period, the 9th right rib was fractured surgically and sham-operation was also performed. Rats were fed with experimental diets for up to 30 more days after rib-fracture. The degree of bone repair was evaluated during the recovery period at the 8th, 11th, 16th, 21st, 30th days after the surgical operation by microscopic observation of the fractured rib tissue. In callus formation, the portion of hyaline cartilage was noticably higher in S group than C group. The intracatilagenous ossification was observed at the 8th day in S group, but at 11th day in C group. The intramembranous ossification in callus was widely found over the 8th day to the 11th day in S group, but it was shown over the 11th day to the 16th day in C group. Bone resorption was also occured more rapidly in S group as indicated by large numbers of osteoclasts observed. At the 30th day, most of trabecular bones were disappeared in S group, whereas still shwon in C group over wide ranges of fractured ribs. These results imply that the supplementation of Korean safflower seed powder influences in the recovery of bone fracture by accelerating the process of bone repair.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1980

A 36 years old male patient underwent en bloc excision of the primary chondrosarcoma arising from 8th, 9th and 10th ribs of the chest wall. The tumor was 11.5 x 7.5 x 6.5 cm in size and was 320 gram in weight. After en bloc excision of the tumor, the defect of the chest wall was reconstructed with pedicle muscle flap and using compression dressing for 2 weeks, there happened no respiratory problem. And so we made a case report and review of literature.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Korean safflower(Carthamus. tinctorious L.) seed powder supplementation on bone metabolism during the recovery of rib-fracture induced by surgical operation in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 10 weeks old, weighing 370$\pm$5g, were divided into two groups after arrival : the control group(C group, AIN-76 semifurified diet) and safflower seed group(S group, AIN-76 semifurified diet+10% safflower seed powder). They were fed experimental diets for 12 days before the rib fracture operation and for 30 more days after the operation. A number 9 rib was fractured surgically and sham-operation was also performed. After the rib-fracture operation, rats were sacrificed on the 8th, 11th, 16th, 21st, and 30th day, respectively. The body weights were decreased on the 8th day after operation in both groups but recovered gradually thereafter. The fractured sections of the S group were more strongly adhered and more rapidly repaired than those of C group. Effects of safflower seed powder supplementation on indices of bone metabolism during the repairing of rib-fracture can be summarized as following. There were no differences between C and S group. In the levels of PTH and calcitonin, which regulate the concentration of plasma calcium. However, PTH level on the 8th day was significantly higher than that on the 16th day in control group. There were also no differences between groups or within groups in the levels of calcitonin. Osteocalcin levels, one of the bone-formation indices, were similar in two groups. Activities of total-ALP in plasma were highest at the 8th day in both groups and decreased thereafter, except on the 30th day in control group. The activities of bone-specific ALP that is directly related to bone calcification, showed higher levels in the S group than in the C group throughout the experimental period. They were significantly increased in the S group on the 11th, 16th, and 21st days. In comparisons of plasma calcium and phosphate levels, Ca levels were tended to be lower in the S group than in the C group and P levels showed the opposite trend. It seems that the fractured ribs were more rapidly repaired in rats supplemented with safflower seed powder than in control rats, possibly due to stimulation of bone calcification from increased activity of bone-specific ALP. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1049-1056, 1998)

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2021

Background: The serratus posterior inferior (SPI) muscle originates from the spinous process of T11-L2 and inserts at the lower border of the 9-12th ribs. This muscle is involved in thoracolumbar rotation and stability. Several positions can be used to improve trunk stability; the quadruped position is a good position for easily maintaining a neutral spine. In particular, during one arm lifting, various muscles act to maintain a neutral trunk position, and the SPI is one of these muscles. If trunk stability is weakened, uncontrolled trunk rotation may occur at this time. Tape can be used to increase trunk stability. There have been no studies on the effect of taping applied to the SPI muscle on thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) stability. Objects: This study compared the TLJ rotation angle between three different conditions (without taping, transverse taping, and SPI muscle direction taping). Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited to the study (18 males and 12 females). The TLJ rotation angle was measured during one arm lifting in a quadruped position (ALQP). Two taping methods (transverse and SPI muscle direction taping) were applied, and the TLJ rotation angle was measured in the same movement. Results: SPI muscle direction taping significantly reduced TLJ rotation compared to that without taping (p < 0.001) and with transverse taping (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the TLJ rotation angle between transverse taping and SPI muscle direction taping (p < 0.017). Conclusion: SPI muscle direction taping reduces the TLJ rotation angle during ALQP. Therefore, SPI muscle direction taping is one method to improve TLJ stability and reduce uncontrolled TLJ rotation during ALQP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1604-1610
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Hankins and Howe (HH46), Valadares Filho (V06), and Marcondes (M12) equations for predicting the physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bulls carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies. Methods: This study was conducted using 30 dairy crossbred bulls. One group of five animals was slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment, and the remaining were slaughtered 112 days later. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design into treatments consisting different levels of concentrate (0%, 17%, 34%, 51%, and 68%). The physical and chemical compositions of the cattle were obtained from the right half of the carcass and using samples taken between the 9th and 11th ribs of the left half of the carcass. The estimated and experimentally determined values were compared using the correlation and concordance coefficient, as well as the mean square error of prediction (MSEP) and its components. Results: The HH46 equations were better at estimating the amount of muscle plus fat in the carcass. The amount of bone in the carcasses could not be well estimated by the HH46 and M12 models. The M12, HH46, and V06 equations were worst at estimating the amounts of protein, ether extract, and water in the carcass, respectively. In the empty body, the amounts of protein and water were well estimated by the HH46 equations. Protein, ether extract, and water were accurately estimated by the V06 equations, and ether extract by the M12 equations. Conclusion: The physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bull carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies, can be predicted using the equations tested here. The amount of bone in these carcasses could not be accurately predicted.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.827-832
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• 2004

배경: 관상동맥우회술의 장기성적이 풍선확장술이나 스텐트 같은 심도자 시술에 비해 우수한 것이 증명되고, 특히 심장박동상태에서 수술하는 관상동맥우회술(OPCAB)이 보편화됨에 따라, 최소절개로 수술하는 MIDCAB의 의미가 재조명되고 있다. 고려대학교 안암병원 흉부외과에서는 지난 3년간 시행했던 MIDCAB 73예의 결과를 분석하여 보고한다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 11월 1일부터 2003년 10월 30일까지 시행한 환자 73명을 대상으로 의무 기록을 토대로 후향적 조사를 하였다. 환자 분포는 남자 47명 여자 26명이었고, 평균 연령은 61.3$\pm$9.8 (31～79)세였다. 수술 후 관찰 기간은 10～1,238일(평균 763$\pm$319.8일)이었다. 수술은 흉골 좌연의 종절개를 표준술기로 하여, 3～5번 늑연골을 부분 혹은 전체 절제하여 내흉동맥을 박리한 후 심장에 접근하였다. 결과: 수술실에서 기도삽관을 제거하고 중환자실로 이송한 경우가 46예였으며, 총 58예에서 수술 3시간 이내에 기도삽관을 제거할 수 있었다. 중환자실 체류시간은 평균 26.8$\pm$11.5시간이었다. 입원기간 동안 추적한 관상동맥조영술 36예에서 100% 개통률을 보였다. 수술 후 사망은 10일째에 갑자기 발생한 뇌경색으로 1명의 환자에서 발생하였다. 합병증으로는 창상감염으로 보존치료한 경우가 1예, wound dehiscence로 재봉합한 경우가 3예, 지속적인 심낭삼출로 흉강경을 이용하여 pericardial window를 조성한 경우가 1예, 동기능 부전으로 영구 심박동기를 삽입한 경우가 1예가 있었다. 수술 후 8개월째 협심증 증세가 재발된 환자 1예에서 문합부 협착이 발견되어 풍선확장술을 시행한 경우가 1예 있었다. 결론: 고려대학교 안암병원 흉부외과에서는 단일 관상동맥 질환과 고위험 환자군에서 MIDCAB을 적용하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻고 있다. 특히 이러한 결과는 내과의사들로 하여금 적극적으로 수술에 접근하도록 유도하고 있으며, hybrid revascularization를 포함하여 수술 적응증을 넓힐 것으로 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.848-856
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• 2004

Black Bengal goat is primarily reared for meat, skin comes here as a by-product. The present trial describes the effect of age on different carcass characteristics of Black Bengal goats of either sex. A total of 61 Black Bengal goats of different age and sex groups were slaughtered. They were reared under semi-intensive management on milk alone or with concentrates (of 10.14 MJ ME and 10.48 g M/kg DM) and freshly cut Napier grass (2 MJ ME and 25 g CP/kg of fresh matter) that provides the estimated NRC (1981) requirement. The four age groups were: pre-weaned kids (0-90 day), post-weaned kids (91-180 days), growing (181-365 days) and adult (>365 days). Goats were slaughtered according to 'Halal' method by severing the major vessels of the throat by a transverse cut. Different slaughter parameters of Black Bengal goat can be best predicted from the equations as follows: live weight (kg)=0.801 (shoulder height (cm))-24.32, ($r^{2}$=0.94); carcass weight (kg)=0.364 (height at hind legs (cm))-11.54, ($r^{2}$=0.91); edible weight (kg)=0.623 (shoulder height (cm))-19.94, ($r^{2}$=0.91) and saleable weight (kg)=0.701 (shoulder height (cm))-21.99, ($r^{2}$=0.92). Live weight, carcass weight, edible weight and saleable weight of castrated goat at one-year onward ranges from 20-22, 9.4-10.5, 14-16 and 16.6-18.8 kg, respectively, which are about 80% higher than most of the reported observations on Black Bengal goat of same age and sex. Slaughter weight, warm carcass weight, edible weight and saleable weight increased curvilinearly with age of slaughter but not affected (p>0.05) by sex. However, linearity of the response curve of affect of age on mentioned parameters ends at around 9 months. Visceral fat as per cent of live weight increased curvilinearly with age and attain its maximum (about 6%) at about 500 days. However, linear part of the quadratic model ends at about 300 days when visceral fat content is about 4.8% of body weight. Blood and skin yield for one-year old male goat was 797 g and 1.61 kg, respectively. Absolute yield of blood and skin increased curvilinealry and attained maximum level at about 400 days (13.3 months). Average proportion of different carcass cut were - round 27%, rump 7%, loin 10%, ribs (6-12th) 14%, shoulder 21%, Neck 7%, chest 14%. Thigh and shoulder constituted about 48.3% of the cold carcass weight. Overall crude protein content of meat samples of different carcass cuts progressively decreased with age starting from 57 at 0-90 days to 58, 47 and 33 per cent, respectively at 91-180, 181-365 and >365 days, respectively. Overall meat fat content increased almost linearly from 11.1% during 91-180 days to 22.9 and 39.5% during 181-365 and >365days, respectively. Results from this trial suggest that both carcass yield and carcass composition changes with age; and sex have little or no effect on carcass yield and carcass composition. However, caution should be made in using second conclusion as there were few female animals slaughtered relative to the male. Optimum slaughter age for Black Bengal goat reared under semi-intensive management with adequate feeding and management would be about 9 months when their live weight, warm carcass weight, edible and saleable weight of carcass can be about 16.74, 7.28, 12.05 and 13.81 kg, respectively.