• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.213-219
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, based on the error augmentation, we performed walking training with increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the affected side (IRAS) and walking training with decreased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the unaffected side (DRAS). The purpose of this study was to verify whether motor learning was effective in improving balance ability. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation center. The subjects were divided into three groups: an IRAS group (10 subjects), a DRAS group (9 subjects), and control group (9 subjects). They received 30minutes of neuro-developmental therapy and walking training for 30minutes, five times a week for three weeks. Static and functional balance ability were measured before and after the training period. Static balance was measured by balancia software. Functional balance was measured by the timed up and go test (TUG) and the berg balance scale (BBS). Results: After the training periods, the IRAS group showed a significant improvement in TUG, BBS, area 95% COP, and weight distribution on the affected side when compared to both the DRAS group and control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to consider error augmentation methods of motor learning if rhythmic auditory stimulation is applied to stroke patients in clinical practice. If the affected side is shorter than the unaffected side, the affected side should be adjusted to the increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed, which is considered to be an effective intervention to improve balance ability.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.749-755
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• 1996

From the soil collected from provincial area of South Korea, a microorganisms which have been shown good growth in the minimal poultry feces extract medium was isolated. Supplement of glucose to the poultry feces extract medium helped the complete uptake of soluble protein by microorganism. Uric acid in the poultry feces extract medium could be completely degraded during the microbial growth. Maximum cell growth (3.8 $\times$ 10$^{9}$ CFU/ml) obtained at 36 hours of incubation after inoculation. Uric acid was degraded faster in minimal medium than in the glucose complement medium. VFA (volatile fatty acid), which are known as major compounds of poultry feces odor, were almost removed from the minimal poultry feces extract medium. Glucose supplement to the minimal medium enhanced the growth of microbial cells. Addition of 4% of glucose and 4% of neopeptone to the minimal poultry feces extract medium helped the maximal growth of cells.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to compare additionally applied weight underwater gait training and over-ground gait training to improve balance and lower extremity strength in stroke patients. Methods: Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Underwater gait training group (n=10) and Over-ground gait training group (n=9). The groups performed their respective programs as well as conventional physical therapy 3 times/week for 6 weeks. All subjects were assessed with the Berg balance scale test, the timed up and go test, and the medical research council test pre and post intervention. A paired t test was applied to compare the differences before and after the intervention, and an independent t test was used to compare the differences between the groups. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that subjects in the underwater gait training group had a significantly increased Berg balance scale, timed up and go, and medical research council scores (p<0.05), and over-ground gait training group showed a significantly increased medical research council score (p<0.05) after intervention. The underwater gait training group showed a more significant improvement in medical research council, Berg balance scale and the timed up and go test scores compared to the over-ground gait training group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that applying additional weight during underwater gait training improves lower extremity strength and balance in stroke patients. It' findings can contribute to the development of more efficient rehabilitation for stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inclination treadmill training with dynamic stretching on the spasticity and gait of chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty two subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG, n=11) or a control group (CG, n=11). Both groups participated in a standard rehabilitation program; in addition, the EG participated in inclination treadmill training for 20 min per day, five times per week, for 4 weeks, and the CG participated in treadmill walking training for 20 min per day, five times per week, for 4 weeks. Outcome measurements, recorded before and post intervention. Walking ability was measured using the 10m walking test (10MWT) and Timed up and go (TUG) test. Spasticity of the medialis gastrocnemius was measured using a myotonometer. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed the both groups for walking ability and spasticity after the training program. The results of the study were follows: 10MWT and TUG was significantly increased in both groups (p<0.05) and it was also found to be significant between groups after intervention (p<0.05). Spasticity was significantly increased in both groups (p<0.05) and it was also found to be significant between the groups after intervention (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that inclination treadmill training improves gait ability and reduces spasticity of the medialis gastrocnemius. Inclination treadmill training may be used as an easy, effective and accessible way to improve the walking ability and decrease spasticity in stroke patients. Further studies are necessary to generalize the findings of this study.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.385-388
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• 1996

Accumulation of soil chemical components in plastic-house is serious problem in Korea. This study was carried out to solve the problem by comparing the contents of soil chemical properties in plastic-house with that of upland field. The content of organic matter and available $P_2O_5($ in plastic-house soil were higher than that of upland field. Particularly, organic matter content in plastic-house soil (43g/kg) was 1.7times higher than that of upland soil (26g/kg), and content of available $P_2O_5($ (893mg/kg) in plastic-house: soil was 4.9 times higher than that of upland soil(183mg/kg). The content of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg in plastic-house soil were 0.5, 6.8 and 1.6cmol/kg and that of upland field soil were 0.5, 2.3 and 2.5cmol/kg, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 1993

This paper has examined and analyzed the ways of making Jang(Korean soybean sauce), vinegar and liquor in terms of food processes, which are mentioned in sooljip 5 and 6 Food collections of 'Kosa-sibi Jip', an encyclopaedia written in Chinese and published in 1789-the eleventh year of King Jung-jo of Chosun Dynasty. There respestively six items of nine items of and thirty three items of the recipe for making jang, vinegar and liquor, Soybean was a major material for making jang. And wheat flour and ground barley were added. Myun-jang was made from only flour. Dong-kook Jojang Bup(oriental soybean sauce preparation) which is the traditional Korean process for making jang from only soybean is recorded in this book. The cereals used in the nine items of the vinegar making recipe were rice(six times), wheat(twice), barley(three times) and wheat flour(once). And fruits are also used. Rice was most used of all these materials. The cereals used in the thirty three items of the liquor-making recipe were regular rice(50%), sticky rice(42.6%) and wheat flour(7.4%) In particular sticky rice was much used for Yakyee Rhue and Bok-sik Rhue for medications. The ways of processing cereals for liquor-making were Jee-ae-bop : steamed rice(52.9%), Jook:thick gruel with cereal (32.3%), Goo-mung Tuck: doughnut-shaped rice cake(8.8%) and Hin-moo-ree Tuck: shawith peless rice cake(2.9%). The three unique processes are as follows. First, in winter when the process of liquor-making did not go on because the jar was cold, the bottle with hot water in was put in the jar and so the aduquate temperature for liquor-making was maintained. Next, in warming up a small double boiler, they prevented effervescence by hanging down thread. Finally. in warming up in a double boiler, they sealed the mouth-piece of the jar and put a handful of wet rice when the rice was completely cooked, it was thought of as the sign that the process of liquor-making was done.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.1045-1049
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• 1995

Thin films of Indium tin oxie (ITO) were prepared by the process of metal organic decomposition. Light transmittance and electrical transport properties of the films were studied with varying the firing temperature and SnO$_2$content. XRD study showed that tin substituted indium in the In$_2$O$_3$lattice. The resistivity had the minimum value of 2.5 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-3/$\Omega$-cm when the content of SnO$_2$was 9wt.%. This value was higher by a factor of 10 than the previously reported results. This difference was attributed to the low mobilities presumably caused by the fine grain size. The transmittance of ITO films in the visible range was over 90%, and the optical energy gap calculated from the absorption edge was in the range of 4.51 and 4.96eV.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2001

From March 1998 to February 1999, we observed visibility and weather change in Dae Chung Bong and Kwon Keum Sung three times a day; at 10 Am, 1 PM and 4 PM. During research period (357 days for Kwon Keum Sung, 351 days for Dae Chung Bong), clear days were 185 days(52%) in Kwon Keum Sung and 149 days (43%) in Dae Chung Bong. Months that had many clear days in a year were December and January in both area. The rate of clear day to cloudy day in Sokcho downtown and Dae Chung Bong was 5 to 5, 4 to 6, respectively. The number of cloudy day in a year in Dae Chung Bong was 34days more than in Sokcho downtown. The visual distance in Kwon Keum Sung was 12.2km on the clear day, and 3.3km on the cloudy day. The yearly average was 7.9km. And we can see 8.9km farther on the clear day. The visual distance in Dae Chung Bong was 13.3km on the clear day, and 3.1km on the cloudy day. The yearly average was 8.1km. The visibility of clear day was 10.2km longer than that of cloudy day. The percentage to observe East Sea clearly was about 70% between December and January in both areas, and showed the highest visibility during research period. We observed Mt. Keumkang from 3 to 6 times in a month except rainy season. The yearly average visibility was 2%. If you go Mt. Serok except April, when there was yellow duet cloud from China, and rainy season (between the last of June and early of September), you can appreciate the most beautiful Mt. Sorak with Mt. Keumkang.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.241-241
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• 2010

적외선 센서는 빛의 유무에 관계없이 물체 또는 인체에서 발산하는 적외선을 감지한다. 이러한 센서를 전자 및 디스플레이 시스템과 연동하면 열영상 시스템이 되는데, 이는 전방 감시, 플랜트 감시, 보안, 방범용으로 많이 사용되며, 특히 자동차 야간 운전자 보조용으로 사용되어 최첨단, 고부가가치를 지니고 있는 핵심부품이다. 비냉각형 적외선 센서인 마이크로볼로미터는 상온에서 작동하므로 극저온 Cooler가 불필요하며, 무게와 부피가 작아 각종 시스템에 부착가능하다. 특히 볼로미터형 적외선 센서는 용량이 적은 TE cooler로 상온으로 안정화를 시키며, 진공으로 유지되는 금속 또는 세라믹 패키지를 사용하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 마이크로 볼로미터용 진공패키지를 제작하여 패키지 조립 및 측정기술에 대해 조사하였다. 패키지는 금속재질인 kovar를 사용하여 제작되었고, 내부에 TE Cooler와 장수명 진공유지를 위한 getter, 그리고 온도센서 및 볼로미터 센서 칩을 장착하여 조립하였다. 패키지 Cap ass'y와 base envelop의 솔더링 공정은 약 $200^{\circ}C$에서 수행하였으며, evacuation system을 이용하여 5일 동안 패키지 bake-out 공정을 수행하였다. 이 후 getter를 활성화시키고, seal-off 공정으로 진공 기밀을 유지하였다. 진공 패키지의 기밀성은 $6{\times}10^{-9}\;std.cm^3/sec$로 기밀성을 유지하였다. 볼로미터 센서의 반응도는 $10^2\;V/W$ 이상을 나타내었으며, 탐지도는 $2{\times}10^8\;cm-Hz^{1/2}/W$를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to assess the effect for gait, balance, and depression for stroke patients by group task-related program training based motor learning theory. Methods : The subjects of this study were administrated to the 11 stroke patients (9 male, 2 female) by 5 weeks, 3 times per week, 15 times. The group task-related program training were performed gait, balance, treadmill, muscle strengthening, and game program. Each program took 7~10 minutes and total time took 60 minutes including moving time. The difference of program training were compared using the paired t-test. Results : The results of this study revealed that Fugl-Meyer motor assessment, Chedoke-McMaster Stroke assessment of lower extremity and Berg balance scale were significantly correlated. However, impairment item of Chedoke-McMaster Stroke assessment, spatio-temporal gait parameters, Timed up and go test, and depression item of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were not significantly correlated. Conclusion : These results support that group task-related program could be a useful treatment to improve the balance skills and motor function of lower extremity for the chronic stroke patients.