• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1977

Crystals of salicylaldehyde-4-morpholinothiosemicarbazone, $C_{12}H_{15}O_2N_3S$, are orthorhombic with space group Pna21. Unit-cell dimensions are a = 11.85(5), b = 15.45(5) c = 7.18(3)${\AA}$ with z = 4. Three-dimensional intensity data were collected from the multiple-film equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs taken with $CuK{\alpha}$ radiation. The intensities were estimated visually. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares methods until the final R value becomes 0.11 for the 1064 observed independent reflections. The morpholine ring has a chair form. The rest atoms of salicylaldehyde-4-morpholinothiosemicarbazone molecule excluding morpholine ring and sulfur atom approximately lie on a plane. The hydroxyl group of the salicylaldehyde and the nitrogen atom of the thiosemicarbazone form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, $O-H{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}N$, of 2.67${\AA}$. The short intermolecular distances all appear to be normal van der Waals contacts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 2000

The pharmacokinetic properties of KR-V compounds, recently developed as new anti-HIV agents, were studied after i.v. and p.o. administration in rats. The concentrations of the KR-V series were determined in rat plasma using an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detection system. Of the 19 KR-V compounds investigated in the present study, only KR-V 3, 10, 14, 16 and 18-1 showed oral bioavailability. The plasma concentration-time data could be adequately described by an one-compartment open model. In the i.v. kinetic study (10mg/kg), the CLt of KR-V 3, 10, 14 and 16 (>4L/hr/kg) were significantly higher than that of KR-V 18-1 (1.1 L/hr/kg). The AUC of KR-V 18-1 was greater ($8.97{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$) than that of the other compounds, but the Vd (0.58 L/kg) was lower. In the p.o. kinetic study (50mg/kg), although the t-1/2 of KR-V 18-1 was shorter than that of the other compounds, the AUC ($3.659{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml)$ and $C_{max}(1.891{\mu}g/ml$) were markedly higher. In a seperated in vitro experiment, only KR-V 18-1, of the 5 compounds with bioavailibility, exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 mutant strains. Therefore, KR-V 18-1 is expected to become a new potent anti-AIDS drug candidate/lead compound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1700-1709
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between thermo-physiological factors and the insensible loss of body weight(IL) of resting women wearing seasonal comfortable clothing. Air temperature was maintained at a mean of 22.5, 24.7, and 16.8 for spring/fall, summer and winter, respectively. We selected a total of 26 clothing ensembles(8 ensembles for spring/fall, 7 ensembles for summer, and 11 ensembles for winter). The results showed that 1) IL was $19{\pm}5g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}hr$ for spring/fall environment, $21{\pm}5g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}hr$ for summer, $18{\pm}6{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}hr$ for winter(p<.001). 2) Insensible water loss through respiratory passage(IWR) showed the reverse tendency to IL. IWR was $6{\pm}1g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}hr$ for winter and $5{\pm}1g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}hr$ for summer. This difference was significant(p<.001). 3) The proportion of IWR out of whole insensible water loss(IW), had a mean of the mean 28% for summer and 38% for winter(p<.001). 4) In comfort, the heat loss by IW out of heat production had a mean of 25% for spring/fall, 27% for summer, and 23% for winter. 5) There was a weak negative correlation between It and clothing insulation/body surface area covered by clothing. 6) There were significant correlations between IL and air temperature$(T_a)$, air humidity$(H_a)$, energy metabolism, ventilation, mean skin temperature $\={T}_{sk})$ and clothing microclimate humidity$(H_{clo})$. However, the coefficients were less than 0.5. In conclusion, there were weak relationships between the IL and thermo-physiological factors. However, when subjects rested in thermal comfort, the IL was maintained in a narrow range even though the clothing insulation and air temperature were diverse.

• 주택과사람들
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• no.5 s.22
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• pp.72-85
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• 1992

[ $\bullet$ ] ''91 년간 전국평균지가상승률은 $12.78{\%}$로서 전년대비 $7.8{\%}$포인트 감소. $\bullet$ 서울의 지가상승은 $11.15{\%}$로서 ''90년의 $31.18{\%}$보다 무려 $20.03{\%}$ 포인트 감소하여 전국의 지가안정을 주도하고 있음. ${\cdot}$ 지역별로는 6대도시 : $13.57{\%}$, 중소도시 : $13.69{\%}$, 군지역 : $10.19{\%}$. ${\cdot}$ 용도지역별로는 주거지역 : $13.57{\%}$, 상업지역 : $12.22{\%}$, 공업지역 : $15.96{\%}$, 녹지지역 : $13.80{\%}$, 비도시지역 : $9.42{\%}$. $\bullet$ 특이사항으로는 ${\cdot}$ ''91. 4/4분기중 지가가 하락한 지역이 29개 시${\cdot}$군${\cdot}$구로서 이중에서 중요한 지역을 보면 서울 중구($-2.92{\%}$), 용산구($-2.02{\%}$), 강남구($-1.94{\%}$), 대구 수성구($-3.11{\%}$), 대전의 유성구($-3.18{\%}$), 충남 태안군($-3.83{\%}$), 전남 순천시($-2.36{\%}$)), 나주군($-2.42{\%}$등이며, ${\cdot}$ 대전($23.25{\%}$) 및 인천($22.81{\%}$) 지역은 년간 $20{\%}$를 상회하고 있으나 이들 지역에서도 ''91 4/4분기에는 크게 둔화되고 있음. $\bullet$ 전반적으로 ''87년 수준의 지가안정세를 보이고 있으며 분기별 상승률은 ''87. 4/4분기 이래 최소치를 시현하고 있음.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.561-566
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• 2010

The effects of calcium concentrations of coating bag treatment to reduce berry cracking were investigated through the changes of pericarp structure and berry cracking rate in 'Kyoho' grape. The soluble solids and anthocyanin contents in harvested grapes were highest at $18.1^{\circ}Brix$ and $2.56{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ in non bagging group compared with those of calcium coating bag treatments. The firmness of pericarp was lowest in non bagging group ($1.18kg{\cdot}5mm^{-1}{\O}$) compared with bagging treatments (1.23, 1.24, 1.27, $1.35kg{\cdot}5mm^{-1}{\O}$) which increased effectively in proportion to calcium concentration. As a result of histological observation of the fruit skin, the bagging with higher calcium concentration developed thicker epidermal and sub-epidermal layer of cell wall than that of non bagging. Moreover, the strengthened berry skin of calcium treatments effectively decreased berry cracking rate under critical turgor pressure. However, the 9% calcium coating bag treatment which was the most effective for cracking reduction seriously decreased marketability of harvested grape with white color staining on berry skin caused by eluted calcium from the coated paper bag. Based on our results, we recommend that 6% calcium coating bag be available for berry cracking reduction and higher quality production.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.371-376
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• 2001

The rate of soil respiration to varying stand ages was studied in four Robinia pseudoacacia stands(18-, 23-, 28- and 35-year old) throughout one year from September 1998 to August 1999. Soil temperatures showed a pronounced seasonal pattern, in contrast to soil moisture. The highest rate of soil respiration was generally found in August when soil temperatures were the highest, and the lowest in January. The daily rate of soil respiration amounted to 5.51($g\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) for 18-year old stand, 5.28 for 23-year old stand, 8.29 for 28-year stand, and 2.67 for 35-year old black locust stand, respectively. The $Q_{10}$ values were ranged between 1.63 and 1.66, averaging 1.65 for the R. pseudoaca'cia stands. The results indicate significant correlation between soil temperature and soil respiration for all four stands(r=0.96 to 0.97). Among the study stands, the annual rate of soil respiration was the highest ($3.03kg\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$) for 28-year old stand.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.540-545
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• 2010

In this study, we have investigated new plasma resistant materials with less usage of rare-earth oxides than $Y_2O_3$ which is currently used in the semiconductor industry. We observed the stability ranges of $(Gd{\cdot}Y)_3Al_5O_{12}$ and $(La{\cdot}Y)Al_{11}O_{18}$ ternary systems, and measured their etch rates under typical fluorine plasma. $(Gd{\cdot}Y)_3Al_5O_{12}$ system showed an extensive solid solution up to 80 mol% gadolinium, but $(La{\cdot}Y)Al_{11}O_{18}$ showed a negligible substitution between rare-earth ions, which can be explained by the differences between the ionic radii. The etch rates depended on the total amount of rare-earth oxides but not on the substitution of the rare-earth ions. When the specimen was examined using XPS after the exposure to fluorine plasma, the strong surface fluorination was observed with a shift of the binding energy to higher energy.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 1996

The anaerobic landfill leachate treatment can surmount dilution problem of high concentration landfill leachate, collect methane gas as byproduct, and treat low phosphate concentration leachate because of low nutrient salt requirement. The problems of conventional anaerobic treatment that are requirement of large reactor because of low microbial growth rate(HRT=20-30 days) and low volumetric loading rate(VLR=0.5-2.0 kg $COD/m^3\cdot day$) are able to surmount by introduction of high rate anaerobic treatment. In this study, the upflow blanket filter(UBF) which is high rate anaerobic process was applyed to the landfill leachate treatment. The acceptable volumetric loading rate and HRT were 18.23 kg $SCOD/m^3\cdot day$ and 13 hrs. SCOD removal rate was over 90% at VLR 18.23 kg $SCOD/m^3\cdot day$. The methane gas yield was $0.15 lCH_4/g$ SCOD added(at STP) at VLR 18.23 kg $SCOD/m^3\cdot day$. The solids accumulation yield was 0.40 g VSS/g COD removed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.450-455
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the effects of plant growth regulators on the plant regeneration from leaf segments of Lilium callosum, L. concolor var. partheneion, and L. formosanum. Leaf segments were sectioned about 5 mm long and cultured on the basal medium (MS medium with $3\%$ sucrose and $0.8\%$ agar) under dark condition, The most effective plant regulators on harvesting more shoots from leaf culture of L. callosum were $0.2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ and $0.5\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NAA$. Culturing in the basal medium with $0.2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ and $2.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NAA$ was effective for leaf culture of L. concolor var. partheneion. The treatment of $1.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ and $1.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NAA$ was the most effective condition for shoot harvest at the leaf culture of L. formosanum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.843-851
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pre-wilting Bana grass (Pennisetum purpureum x P. americanum) herbage under sunny conditions for 0, 6, 18, 24, 32 and 48 h and ensiling it with maize meal. Four levels of maize meal(viz., 0, 5, 10 and 15% on fresh weight (Fw) basis) were tested. The experiment had a split-plot design. Wilting increased the concentration of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) significantly (p<0.001) on a Fw basis, although there were no significant changes on DM basis. Unwilted grass contained $36.1g{\cdot}WSC{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}Fw$ ($127.6g{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}DM$) and this increased to $64.1g{\cdot}WSC{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}Fw$ ($116.7g{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}DM$) after 48 h of pre-wilting. Wilting also increased the DM content of herbage significantly (p>0.001) from 250 to $620g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, between 0 and 48 h respectively. The concentration of fermentation end-products decreased (except butyric acid) and pH increased when the period of wilting increased, indicating that fermentation was restricted. In particular, lactic acid content declined from 50.8 to $26.2g{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}DM$ (p<0.01) and the residual WSC contents of silage increased from 2.7 with fresh herbage to $18.1g{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}DM$ with 48 h of wilting (p<0.001). Rapid wilting for 24 h, to a DM of $450g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ was optimum since important increases in pH, residual WSC and DMD occurred at this level of wilting. Acetic acid, butyric acid and ammoniacal-N contents were lowest with 24 h of wilting. There were no significant interactions between length of wilting and the incorporation of maize meal. Wilting had a greater influence on fermentation than the incorporation of maize meal. Addition of maize meal facilitated fermentation by increasing forage DM content and reducing effluent production. In addition, the maize meal increased DMD. It was concluded that maize meal should generally be incorporated at a level of 5% on fresh weight basis.