• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.482-487
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• 1996

한국산 보리 및 귀리품종의 수용성, 불용성 및 총 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량을 분석하여 ${\beta}-glucan$의 용해성을 조사하였다. 보리원맥의 총 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 $3.3{\sim}5.6%$ 범위였으며 $65{\sim}70%$ 정맥수율로 도정하여 껍질 및 강층을 제거한 정맥의 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 $3.5{\sim}7.1%$로 증가하였다. 보리원맥의 수용성 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 $1.4{\sim}3.3%$의 분포였으며 총 ${\beta}-glucan$에 대한 수용성 ${\beta}-glucan$의 백분을로 나타낸 용해성(% solubility)은 $43{\sim}61%$ 범위로 총량의 약 반가량이 수용성인 것으로 나타났다. 보리정맥에 있어서는 총 ${\beta}-glucan$과 불용성 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 증가한 반면 수용성 ${\beta}-glucan$은 약간 감소하는 경향을 보여 용해성이 $35{\sim}55%$로 원맥보다 다소 낮았다. 귀리는 총 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량이 겉귀리에서 $3.1{\sim}4.0%$, groats에서 $4.0{\sim}4.8%$였으며 불용성 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량이 $0.5{\sim}0.7%$로 보리에서 보다 훨씬 낮아 추출되어 나오는 수용성 ${\beta}-glucan$은 약 84%로 매우 높게 나타났다. 보리와 귀리는 추출초기에 빠른 속도로 ${\beta}-glucan$이 추출되었으며 귀리가 보리에 비해 추출이 보다 급격히 이루어졌는데 $2{\sim}3$시간 후에는 대부분의 수용성 ${\beta}-glucan$이 추출되었다 추출온도가 $23{\sim}45^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 수용성 추출량이 증가하였으나 $65^{\circ}C$에서는 보리의 경우 추출량이 떨어졌다. 보리 및 귀리는 증자에 의한 가열처리에 의해 불용성 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량이 증가하여 ${\beta}-glucan$의 용해성이 떨어진 반면 보리의 볶음처리에서는 ${\beta}-glucan$이 가용화됨에 따라 용해성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2008

Glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ (GSK $3{\beta}$) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates substrates such as ${\beta}$-catenin and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, metabolism, tumorigenesis, and cell death. Here, we present evidence that human GSK $3{\beta}$ is associated with Fe65, which has the characteristics of an adaptor protein, possessing a WW domain, and two phosphotyrosine interaction domains, PID1 and PID2. The GSK $3{\beta}$ catalytic domain also contains a putative WW domain binding motif ($^{371}PPLA^{374}$), and we observed, using a pull down approach and co-immunoprecipitation, that it interacts physically with Fe65 via this motif. In addition, we detected co-localization of GSK $3{\beta}$ and Fe65 by confocal microscopy, and this co-localization was disrupted by mutation of the putative WW domain binding motif of GSK $3{\beta}$. Finally, in transient transfection assays interaction of GSK $3{\beta}$ (wt) with Fe65 induced substantial cell apoptosis, whereas interaction with the GSK $3{\beta}$ AALA mutant ($^{371}AALA^{374}$) did not, and we noted that phosphorylation of the Tyr 216 residue of the GSK $3{\beta}$ AALA mutant was significantly reduced compared to that of GSK $3{\beta}$ wild type. Thus, our observations indicate that GSK $3{\beta}$ binds to Fe65 through its $^{371}PPLA^{374}$ motif and that this interaction regulates apoptosis and phosphorylation of Tyr 216 of GSK $3{\beta}$.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2013

Pattern recognition receptors are known to participate in the activation of Prophenoloxidase system. In this study, a 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan recognition protein was detected for the first time in Antheraea pernyi larvae (Ap-${\beta}GRP$). Ap-${\beta}GRP$ was purified to 99.9% homogeneity from the hemolymph using traditional chromatographic methods. Ap-${\beta}GRP$ specifically bind 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan and yeast, but not E. coli or M. luteus. The 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan dependent phenoloxidase (PO) activity of the hemolymph inhibited by anti-Ap-${\beta}GRP$ antibody could be recovered by addition of purified Ap-${\beta}GRP$. These results demonstrate that Ap-${\beta}GRP$ acts as a biosensor of 1,3-${\beta}$-Dglucan to trigger the Prophenoloxidase system. A trace mount of 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan or Ap-${\beta}GRP$ alone was unable to trigger the proPO system, but they both did. Ap-${\beta}GRP$ was specifically degraded following the activation of proPO with 1,3-${\beta}$-Dglucan. These results indicate the variation in the amount of Ap-${\beta}GRP$ after specific immune challenge in A. pernyi hemolymph is an important regulation mechanism to immune response.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 1993

6$\beta$-(trans-3-Aryl-5-oxo-pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetamidopenicillanic acid(7a~7c) and 7$\beta$-(trans-3-Aryl-5-oxo-pyrrolidin-2-yl) acetamidocephalosporanic acid(8a~8c) were synthesized and tested in vitro antibacterial activity. Of these new penicillins exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria whereas none of the compounds possessed the activity against Gram-negative bacteria at the concentration tested.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.645-654
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• 1999

Interleukin-6(IL-6) stimulate osteoclast differentiation. $17{\beta}$-estradiol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$(1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ inhibit or stimulate osteoclast differentiation by decreasing or increasing the synthesis of interleukin-6(IL-6) from stromal/osteoblastic cells, respectively. Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells reside between the alveolar bone and the cementum and have osteoblastic characteristics. To estimate the effect of $17{\beta}$-estradiol and 1,25$(OH)_2D_3$ on IL-6 production of PDL cells, PDL cells were treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol or 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$ in the absence or the presence of IL-$1{\beta}$. The concentration of IL-6 produced form PDL cells was determined by enzym linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). In unstimulated PDL cells, we detected constitutive production of IL-6 at 1st and 2nd day. IL-$1{\beta}$ increased IL-6 synthesis at 1st day and 2nd day. $17{\beta}$-estradiol had no significant effect on the secretion of this cytokine, either constitutively or after stimulation with IL- $1{\beta}$(0.05 ng/ml). 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$($10^{-8}M$) decreased not only constitutive IL-6 production but also IL-$1{\beta}$-induced IL-6 production at 2nd day. These results suggest that 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$ may control IL-$1{\beta}$-induced osteoclast differentiation by decreasing IL-$1{\beta}$-induced IL-6 secretion of PDL cells.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 1987

A bacterium K-4-3, producing $\beta$-glucan hydrolyzing enzyme, was isolated from soil and identified to be Bacillus subtilis by its morpholohical and physiological characteristics. $\beta$-glucan was coloured using cibacron blue 3G-A and cross linded by the addition of 1, 4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether. This substrate was used for the isolation of $\beta$-glucanase producing microorganism. The $\beta$-glucan hydrolyzing enzyme actibity from isolated K-4-3 strain was also measured using the modified substrate. Bacillus subtilis K-4-3 produced the highest extracellular $\beta$-glucan hydrolyzing activity in the basal medium containing $\beta$-glucan as a carbon source, peptone and tryptone as a nitrogen source, and magnesium sulfate as an inorganic salt. The optimum temperature and initial pH for $\beta$-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis K-4-3 were $37^{\circ}C$ and pH6. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at the culture age of 54 hrs with rotary shaking at $37^{\circ}C$. The crude enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 7.5-8.0 and $65^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2016

The effect of different temperatures (45, 55, 65, and $75^{\circ}C$) on the extraction of ${\beta}$-glucan and the properties of extracted ${\beta}$-glucan were investigated with four different varieties of barley. Jeju naked barley, blue barley, beer barley, and black barley contained 6.85, 5.13, 3.58, and 4.16% of ${\beta}$-glucan, respectively. ${\beta}$-glucan in barley was extracted in the range of 64.88 to 93.84% depending on the extraction temperature and barley variety. The ${\beta}$-glucans in Jeju naked barley, Jeju blue barley, and black barley were optimally extracted at $65^{\circ}C$ for 3 h and Jeju beer barley at $75^{\circ}C$. The extracted ${\beta}$-glucan resolubilized to 43.48-81.73% and the ratio of ${\beta}(1{\rightarrow}3)$ to ${\beta}(1{\rightarrow}4)$ linkage was in the range of 1:3.8-5.8. These results suggest that purification and properties of ${\beta}$-glucan depend not only on the water extraction temperature, but also on the barley variety.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2000

Three compounds were isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae). On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures were characterized as $3-0-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(2',3'-O-diacetyl)-6-0-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-3{\beta},6{\alpha},16{\beta},25-tetrahydroxy-20(R)$,24(S)-epoxy-cycloartane(Astragaloside I), $3-0-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(2'-O-acetyl)-6-0-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-3{\beta},6{\alpha},16{\beta},25-tetrahydroxy-20(R)$,24(S)-epoxy-cycloartane(Astragaloside II), $3-0-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(2',4'-O-diacetyl)-6-0-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-3{\beta},6{\alpha},16{\beta},25-tetrahydroxy-20(R)$,24(S)-epoxycycloartane(Isoastragaloside I). Full data of NMR including HMBC and 1D-TOCSY experiment of these compounds were reported for the first time.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2000

방울비짜루의 MeOH 추출물 및 수포화 BuOH추출물로부터 항균활성을 확인하고 그 원인물질을 구명하던 중 두 종의 steroid saponin을 분리하였다. 이들의 구조확인을 위해 $^1H,\;^{13}C$ NMR 및 2D NMR 등 분광학적 방법을 사용하였으며 최종 이들의 구조가 25S-spirostane계의 steroid saponin인$3-O-[{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-spirostan-3{\beta}-ol$ 및 $3-O-{{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-[{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)]-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl}-(25S)-spirostan-3{\beta}-ol$인 것으로 동정되었다. 이 두 화합물은 방울비짜루로부터는 처음으로 분리되었다. 이들 saponin의 항균활성 및 항균 스펙트럼을 검사하기 위하여 20개 균주에 대한 MIC를 실시하였다. 이들은 그중 10개 균주에 대해 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 세균의 성장을 저지하는 항균력이 있었으며 광범위한 항균 스펙트럼을 나타내었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1994

(1-3)-$\beta$-glucanase 동위효소의 발현 양상을 등 전점 전기영동 젤에서 직접 검출 확인할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 개발된 방법은 시판되고 있는 (1-3)-$\beta$-glucanase활성 측정용 염료착색 기질을 이용하였다. 본 방법은 신속, 간편하며 보리 종자에서 발현되는 것으로 알려져 있는 모든 (1-3)-$\beta$glucanase 동위효소를 검출할 수 있을 정도로 민감하고 특이적이었다. 시판되고 있는 Penicillium(1-3)-$\beta$-glucanase에 대한 활성 검출 한계단위는 50 $\mu$U 정도로 추정되었다. 따라서, 본 방법은 특별한 시설이나 연구 인력을 확보하고 있지 않는 연구실에서 식물체의 (1-3)-$\beta$-glucanase발현에 대한 단백질 수준에서의 연구를 수행하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.