• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2013

Objective: This study determines which of two types of 2D menu is better on iPhone. Background: Menu systems have been important components in modern graphical user interfaces. Review of menu design studies for human-computer interaction suggests that menu design guidelines for smartphones need to be reappraised. Method: A nested factorial design was used. Twenty-four participants were divided into two groups. The subjects were nested within the menu type. Two types of menus are an overview menu and a text menu. Two different breadth levels are 16 and 64. The participants performed five tasks in each breadth level. A task is defined as locating a product or product class on the deepest level of the hierarchy. An Apple iPhone 2G was used. Results: The results for ANOVA indicated a lack of a significant difference for time to respond between the two types of 2D menus. The overview menu showed the better satisfaction score between the two menu types. Conclusion: Even though the differences were not significant, an overview menu tended to show better performance and preference scores than a text menu that required scrolling. Application: This study can provide menu design guidelines when 2D menus are considered for small displays in a high breadth level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.685-691
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• 1998

In the first of two experiments, chemical composition (Ash, CP and CF contents), nutritive value (in vitro organic matter disappearance "lVOMD" and energy content "ME") and nitrogen retention of chopped date fronds (CDF) as affected by chemical treatment (CT) and storage duration (SD) were investigated. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, arranged in a $3{\times}4$ factorial, with 3 (CT) and 4 (SD) as the main factors using 2 replications / treatment. Three chemical treatments, were used : Control (With zero or no chemical treatment); treatment with 4% urea solution (w /w) and treatment with 4% urea + Date syrup extract (DS). The 4 (SD) were: Control (immediately after opening - without any storage or zero time storage); one month storage period; two months storage period and three months storage period. Both (CT) and (SD) had significant effects (p < 0.05) on CP and ash contents of the CDF, however there were no significant effects (p > 0.05) due to (CT) and (SD) on CF and nutritive value. High retention value (> 80%) for nitrogen was reported for the treated CDF, immediately after opening the incubated material (zero SD). However, nitrogen retention decreased with increasing (SD) to 67% after one month (SD) but tended to stay at a fairly constant level of 67% until 3 months of storage. In experiment 2, the feeding value of treated CDF was evaluated in comparison to Rhodes grass hay, using growing goats and sheep. A $4{\times}2$ factorial design was used (Four roughage sources were used : Rhodes grass hay, untreated CDF, urea-treated CDF and CDF treated with urea + DS with sheep and goats as two animal species, using three animals / treatment). Untreated CDF had a similar feeding value to Rhodes grass hay. However treatment of CDF with urea alone or with urea + DS depressed animal performance of both goats and sheep, apparently due to depression of feed intake (appetite). Feeding untreated CDF decreased feeding cost by 29% and cost/kg gain by 23%. CDF showed a good potential as a cheap local roughage and emergency feed for ruminants in the Sultanate.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2007

In this paper, the process effect on the RMS roughness of the $HfO_2$ thin films grown by metal organic molecular beam epitaxy was investigated. The measured RMS roughness is examined to characterize the surface morphology. In order to analyze the factor effects, the significant factors of both the main and the interaction effects were extracted through the effect analysis. In order to compare the regression model with the variable transformation, the effect of each factor and the model efficiency are calculated. The methodology can allow us to analyze the effects between the process parameters related to the process variability.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2020

This paper presents a numerical study on the design of composite head geometry used for compound processing machine. In order to achieve an optimum composite head geometry and to explain the interactions between the different geometric configurations, three dimensional computational fluid dynamics and design of experiment methods have been applied. From the 2k factorial design results, the most important design variable was found and the performance of the composite head was improved compared to the reference model.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.400-411
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• 2015

Successful use of displays in stores arouses consumers' curiosity, and induces them to purchase a product after a visit. Facade is a word meaning an external front wall of a building, and is usually the first point of visual contact for the consumers. The present study is an empirical investigation of external appearance of a clothing store, with a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial design of facade, show window, and wall surface material designed for the purpose of the study. Dependent variables were store image variables and attitude toward store. A total of 320 questionnaires from male and female consumers were used for the analysis. Facade type and material had significant main and interaction effects, while show window type had no meaningful effects overall. A facade of irregular design prompted significantly higher levels of perceived 'elegance', 'uniqueness', and 'attractiveness' of the store. Material itself did not have significant influence but did have significant interaction effect with facade design. The interaction effect was found in store attitude as well. In order to create a positive store attitude, a concrete material facade should have an irregular design. Companies owning fashion brands should carefully select facade type and wall surface material in the visual merchandising strategies of a store.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.440-450
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was intended to investigate influence of consumer's brand loyalty, competitor's brand price and brand switching intention in condition of discount sale of casual apparel products. The data for the study was obtained through the use of an experimental design which was $2{\times}[2{\times}2]$ mixed factorial design. The subjects were 730 college students. The data were analyzed by cluster analysis, ANOVA, simple interaction analysis and simple main-effect analysis. The following results were founded: First, The results indicated that the 3-way interaction effects among consumer's brand loyalty competitor's brand price and discount on brand switching of casual apparel products. Second, the results indicated that the 3-way interaction effects among consumer's brand loyalty competitor's brand price and discount on consumer preference of casual apparel products. These results indicated that low brand loyalty group on casual products showed high preference and high brand switching on competitors brand when competitor's brand price was lower than preferred brand price and discount type was absolute frame. High bran loyalty group on casual apparel products preferred and switched high competitor's brand when discount type was absolute frame.

• 경영과학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2014

It is important to maintain on operational availability of aircraft during wartime. The KF-16 fighter, the backbone of the ROKAF (Republic Of Korea Air Force), has a single engine. Therefore, the engine has a critical influence on operational availability. The purpose of this study is to estimate optimal levels of spare part inventories concerning both engines and modules. That is provided by linear programming methods utilizing a developed meta-model. For drawing out the meta-model, we develop a simulation model which can consider wartime demands. In the previous study, $2^k$ factorial design method is used to check the influence of each independent variable. That method requires relatively many scenarios because every extreme value combination of independent variables should be checked. However, this study adopts NOLH (Nearly Orthogonal Latin Hypercube) as an experimental design. By adopting NOLH, this study increases not only efficiency but also accuracy. That is proven by comparing the validity of the developed meta-model on both experimental designs. This study also utilizes the OptQuest simulation tool in ARENA to derive the optimal level of spare stocks. By comparing the result of OptQuest to that of the developed meta-model, the validity of this study is secured.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2008

This paper presents effects of impeller geometrical parameters on the performance of a centrifugal pump impeller. The effects of meridional parameters and vane plane development parameters on the performance of the impeller were numerically studied using a commercial CFD code and DOE(design of experiments) software. Geometrical parameters in a method of meridional view and vane plane development were selected and defined to generate the 3D impeller shape. The response variables are defined in a total head and efficiency curve with flow rate. The influences of selected design variables on the various objective functions were examined as a result of the calculation using 2k factorial.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2010

대두가공공정 중 발생하는 부산물인 대두배아 및 대두 단백질을 이용하여 Bifidobacterium lactis BL740의 생균수 및 대두 이소플라본 비배당체 생산 최대화를 위한 배지최적화를 수행하였고 이를 위하여 통계적 방법인 fractional factorial design (FFD) 및 central composite design(CCD)를 이용, 대두 유래 성분들이 포함된 배지 (S-medium)의 최적 조성물을 확언하였다. FFD의 경우 glucose, cellobiose, fructooligosaccharidde, soy peptone, soy protein, 대두배아를 이용 총 6가지 요소를 2수준에서 적용하였으며 이 중 soy protein, soy peptone 그리고 대두 배아가 B. lactis BL740의 균성장 혹은 대두 이소플라본 비배당체 전환에 중요 인자로 확인이 되었다. FFD에서 확인된 3가지 인자를 CCD에 적용하였으며 이를 통해 균성장의 경우 최적의 배지조성함량이 soy peptone 29.55 g/L, soy protein 12.73 g/L, 대두 배아 130.67 g/L로 확인되었으며 비배당체 전환의 경우 soy peptone 1.25 g/L, soy protein 2.06 g/L, 대두 배아 60.02 g/L로 최적화 되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the degree self-monitoring, perceived risk and the types of advertising in cosmetic purchase behavior. The data were obtained with an experimental design which was 2${\times}$(2${\times}$2) mixed factorial design. The subjects were classified 280 pre-test subjects into 70 high level of self-monitoring subjects and 70 low level of self-monitoring subjects. The data were analysed with ANOVA, using the SAS program. The result of this study can be summarized as follows ; In experimental I, the effect on the consumer preference was the significant 2-way interaction effects between the degree of the self-monitoring and appeal types of advertising as well as between the types of cosmetic products depending on perceived risk and appeal types of advertising. In experimental II, the effect on the consumer purchase intention was the significant 2-way interaction effects between the degree of the self-monitoring and appeal types of advertising as well as between the types of cosmetic products depending on perceived risk and appeal types of advertising.