• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

A series of long chain unsaturated ketone (alkenone) was identified in the particulate organic matter sampled from surface water of the eastern South Sea, Korea. The seawater temperature based on the $C_{37}$ alkenone was calculated by using several different equations of unsaturation index(${U^{K'}}_{37}$), compared with in situ CTD temperature. Among the previously reported equations, the equation(0.044T-0.204) which was proposed by Sawada et al.(1996) seems to be the most useful for the calculation of $C_{37}$ alkenone temperature, showing average $0.51^{\circ}C$ difference between ${U^{K'}}_{37}$ temperature and in situ CTD temperature. This result suggest that alkenone should be a useful molecular biomarker for reconstructing paleo-environmental change in the South and East Sea, Korea. However, it is required to establish more reliable equation for the calculation of $C_{37}$ alkenone temperature.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2015

In this note we find the upper bound for ${\rho}(u^n,M)=\int_{0}^{T}\int_{0}^{{\mid}u(t){\mid}^n}p(s)dsdt$ and show that $F(y)=y^n$ is $m_{\phi}^M$-Bochner integrable on $C(\mathcal{O} _M)$ for $0{\leq}t{\leq}T$ when $\int_{\mathcal{O}_M}{\parallel}u_0{\parallel}_M^nd{\phi}(u_0)$ is finite.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2019

A marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) was collected from the eastern coast of Korea. This species is morphologically characterized by a distromatic, dark to medium green and mostly irregularly orbicular or irregularly expanded thallus with entire or undulate margin without serrations. Vegetative cells are irregularly polygonal with distinctly rounded corners in shape, and have chloroplast completely covering the outer cell wall and one to two pyrenoids per cell. In a phylogenetic tree based on ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequences, this Korean alga nests in the same clade with Ulva sublittoralis, as a sister clade of U. californica, U. flexuosa and U. tanneri, which share the irregularly orbicular or expanded thallus normally without teeth cells. The genetic divergence between them is intraspecific within Ulva. Accordingly, it is identified as U. sublittoralis based on the morphological and molecular data. This is the first record of Ulva sublittoralis in the Korean marine algal flora.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.565-577
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• 2000

We consider regularity questions arising in the degenerate elliptic vector valued variational inequalities -div(｜▽u｜p-2∇u)$\geq$b(x, u, ∇u) with p$\in$(1, $\infty$). It is a generalization of the scalar valued inequalities, i.e., the obstacle problem. We obtain the C1,$\alpha$loc regularity for the solution u under a controllable growth condition of b(x, u, ∇u).

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2000

Let ${X_{nk}}, u_n\; \leq \;k \leq \;u_n,\; n\; \geq\; 1}$ be an array of rowwise independent, but not necessarily identically distributed, random variables with $EX_{nk}$=0 for all k and n. In this paper, we povide a domination condition under which ${\sum^{u_n}}_=u_n\; S_{nk}/n^{1/p},\; 1\; \leq\; p\;<2$ converges completely to zero.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.402-407
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• 2016

Purpose: Buckwheat allergy is one of the most severe types of food allergy in some countries, especially among children. However, few studies have investigated this condition. The aim of this study was to report the clinical and laboratory findings in Korean children with buckwheat allergy. Methods: Thirty-seven subjects, aged 1 to 14 years, were enrolled by retrospective medical record review from January 2000 through May 2015 at the Department of Pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The demographic profile, previous exposure to buckwheat pillows, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings of each subject were recorded. Results: Twenty-six of the 37 children had immediate-type allergic symptoms to buckwheat, while 11 subjects were tolerant to buckwheat. Seventeen out of 26 buckwheat allergic children (65.4%) had anaphylaxis. The median buckwheat specific IgE level in the buckwheat allergic group ($7.71kU_A/L$) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than in the buckwheat tolerant group ($0.08kU_A/L$) with an optimal cutoff value of $1.27kU_A/L$ (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 100%). When adjusted for age, the difference between the 2 groups showed no statistical significance (P=0.063). In subjects who had anaphylaxis, buckwheat-specific IgE levels ranged from 0.37 to $100kU_A/L$. Conclusion: Almost two-thirds of buckwheat-allergic children had anaphylaxis, and a wide-range of buckwheat specific IgE levels were observed in these children. Anaphylaxis occurred in a subject with a remarkably low IgE level ($0.37kU_A/L$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2001

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.7-27
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• 2015

Kuneth formula is to compute (co)-homology of $A{\otimes}B$ for known (co)-homology of the complexes A and B. In the ordinary case, this is done by using elementary homological methods in an abelian category. However, when we consider the bounded cochain complex with values in $\mathbb{R}$ and its structure as a real Banach space, the techniques of homological algebra for constructing K$\ddot{u}$nneth type formulas on it are not effective. The most notable facts are the image of a morphism of Banach spaces is not necessarily closed, and also the closed summand of a Banach space need not be a topological direct summand. The main goal of this paper is to construct the theory of K$\ddot{u}$nneth type formula on bounded cohomology with real coefficients in the suitable category of Banach spaces with some restricted conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.450-459
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• 2011

Objectives: Biomarkers in urine are important in assessing exposures to environmental or occupational chemicals and for evaluateing renal function by exposure from these chemicals. Spot urine samples are needed to adjust the concentration of these biomarkers for variations in urine dilution. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of adjusting the urinary concentration of cadmium (uCd) and arsenic (uAs) by specific gravity (SG) and urine creatinine (uCr). Methods: We measured the concentrations of blood cadmium (bCd), uCd, uAs, uCr, SG and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, which is a sensitive marker of tubular damage by low dose Cd exposure, in spot urine samples collected from 536 individuals. The value of uCd, uAs and NAG were adjusted by SG and uCr. Results: The uCr levels were affected by gender (p < 0.01) and muscle mass (p < 0.01), while SG levels were affected by gender (p < 0.05). Unadjusted uCd and uAs were correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.365, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.488, p < 0.01), uCr (uCd: r = 0.399, p < 0.01; uAs: r = 0.484, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by SG were still correlated with SG (uCd: r = 0.360, p < 0.01, uAs: r = 0.483, p < 0.01). uCd and uAs adjusted by uCr and modified uCr ($M_{Cr}$) led to a significant negative correlation with uCr (uCd: r = -0.367, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.319, p < 0.01) and $M_{Cr}$ (uCd: r = -0.292, p < 0.01; uAs: r = -0.206, p < 0.01). However, uCd and uAs adjusted by conventional SG ($C_{SG}$) were disappeared from these urinary dilution effects (uCd: r = -0.081; uAs: r = 0.077). Conclusions: $C_{SG}$ adjustment appears to be more appropriate for variations in cadmium and arsenic in spot urine.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 1995

Simulation for a dynamic analysis of the electrolytic preparation of U(IV) in two-phases system, which consisted of mass transfer of U(VI) from TBP phase into HNO$_3$ solution and electrolytic re-duction of U(VI) to U(IV) at a cathode in aqueous phase, was carried out in order to establish the most suitable operating condition and best electrode area as basic design data for the system. It was found that maintaining an appropriate mass transfer rate was more significant rather than enlarging the surface area of the cathode for more effective production yield of U(IV). The electrode area and the operation time affected deeply the production composition of U(IV) in the resulting aqueous phase. And optimal electrode areas ore evaluated to meet production criteria of U(IV) of resulting solution in several system conditions. Though about 0.37M HNO$_3$ was preferable to prepare the solution of U(IV), nitric acid concentration should be higher than 0.5M to prevent a hydrolysis of U(IV) in the aqueous phase.