• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2017

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragnonimus species. The primary site of infection is the lung, and extrapulmonary involvement is also reported. When infected with Paragonimus westermani, which is the dominant species in Korea, the central nervous system is frequently involved along with the liver, intestine, peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneum, and abdominal wall. Ectopic paragonimiasis raises diagnostic challenge since it is uncommon and may be confused with malignancy or other inflammatory diseases. Here, we report an ectopic paragonimiasis case initially presented with recurrent abdominal pain. The patient developed abdominal pain 3 times for the previous 3 years and the computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed fluid collection with wall enhancement. Recurrent diverticulitis was initially suspected and part of the ascending colon was resected. However, the specimen showed intact colon wall without evidence of diverticulitis and multiple parasite eggs and granulomas were found instead. The size of about $70{\mu}m$, the presence of an operculum and relatively thick egg shell suggested eggs of Paragonimus species. With appropriate exposure history and a positive antibody test, the definitive diagnosis was made as peritoneal paragonimiasis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.794-799
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• 2012

The cytochrome P450c17-I (CYP17-I) is one of the enzymes critical to gonadal development and the synthesis of androgens. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected within the coding region of the CYP17-I gene in a population of 75 male Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). They were SNP1 (c.C445T) located in exon2 and SNP2 (c.T980C (p.Phe307Leu)) located in exon5. Four physiological indices, which were serum testosterone (T), serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$), Hepatosomatic index (HSI), and Gonadosomatic index (GSI), were studied to examine the effect of the two SNPs on the reproductive endocrines of Japanese flounder. Multiple comparisons revealed that CT genotype of SNP1 had a much lower T level than CC genotype (p<0.05) and the GSI of individuals with CC genotype of SNP2 was higher than those with TT genotype (p<0.05). Four diplotypes were constructed based on the two SNPs and the diplotype D3 had a significantly lower T level and GSI. In conclusion, the two SNPs were significantly associated with reproductive traits of Japanese flounder.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2007

Aim : This study aimed at elucidating the effects of Inonotus obliquus on anti-tumor effects in vivo and immune-based characterization of the mushroom as a potential candidate for cancer remedy. Methods : To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Inonotus obliquus, we investigated macrophage functions and NK cell activities through the measurement of NO production of macrophage, NK cell cytotoxicity and expressions of cytokines and genes regulating immune responses, in addition to pulmonary metastasis model in vivo. Results : Inonotus obliquus showed general cytotoxicity at high concentrations over the 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on the both of normal and cancer cell lines. Inonotus obliquus showed both inhibitory and promotive effects on pulmonary colonization of CT-26 cell depending on period or route of administration in vivo. Conclusion : From these results, it cannot be concluded that Inonotus obliquus has cancer-specific activity. Furthermore, Inonotus obliquus has the provability to show adverse effects differently according to the concentration and the method of administration.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2015

Ceramics biomaterials are useful as implant materials in orthopedic surgery. In this study, porous HA(hydroxyapatite)/${\beta}$-TCP(tricalcium phosphate) composite biomaterials were successfully fabricated using HA/${\beta}$-TCP powders with 10-30 wt% $NH_4HCO_3$ as a space holder(SH) and $TiH_2$ as a foaming agent, and MgO powder as a binder. The HA/${\beta}$-TCP powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering(SPS) process at $1000^{\circ}C$ under 20 MPa conditions. The effect of SH content on the pore size and distribution of the HA/${\beta}$-TCP composite was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and a microfocus X-ray computer tomography system(SMX-225CT). These microstructure observations revealed that the volume fraction of the pores increased with increasing SH content. The pore size of the HA/${\beta}$-TCP composites is about $400-500{\mu}m$. The relative density of the porous HA/${\beta}$-TCP composite increased with decreasing SH content. The porous HA/${\beta}$-TCP composite fabricated with 30%SH exhibited an elastic modulus similar to that of cortical bone; however, the compression strength of this composite is higher than that of cortical bone.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.476-485
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• 2018

Although tectorigenin (TG), a major compound in the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis, is conventionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, its effects on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis have not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and possible underlying mechanism of TG on in vitro osteoblastic differentiation and in vivo bone formation, as well as in vitro osteoclast differentiation and in vivo bone resorption. TG promoted the osteogenic differentiation of primary osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Moreover, TG upregulated the expression of the BMP2, BMP4, and Smad-4 genes, and enhanced the expression of Runx2 and Osterix. In vivo studies involving mouse calvarial bone defects with ${\mu}CT$ and histologic analysis revealed that TG significantly increased new bone formation. Furthermore, TG treatment inhibited osteoclast differentiation and the mRNA levels of osteoclast markers. In vivo studies of mice demonstrated that TG caused the marked attenuation of bone resorption. These results collectively demonstrated that TG stimulated osteogenic differentiation in vitro, increased in vivo bone regeneration, inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and suppressed inflammatory bone loss in vivo. These novel findings suggest that TG may be useful for bone regeneration and treatment of bone diseases.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2011년도 30주년 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.207-222
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• 2011

Relationships between soil saturated hydraulic conductivity ($K_s$) and porosity (${\phi}$) have been developed over many years; however, use of these relationships for evaluating rain-induced seals is limited mainly because of difficulties in estimating seal pore-size characteristics. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the $K_s$ of soil surface seals over a range of thicknesses, where seal thickness was determined using a High-Resolution-Computed-Tomography (HRCT) scanner, and to investigate relationships between $K_s$ and ${\phi}$ of developing seals in samples with equivalent diameters (e.d.) ${\geq}15\;{\mu}m$. A Mexico silt loam soil was packed to a bulk density (${\rho}_b$) of $1.1\;Mg\;m^{-3}$ in cylinders 160-mm i.d. by 160-mm long and subjected to $61-mm\;h^{-1}$ simulated rainfall having a kinetic energy (KE) of $25\;J\;m^{-2}\;min^{-1}$ for 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 min to create a range in seal development. Thicknesses of the seal layers were determined by analysis of HRCT images of seals. The $K_s$ values of the seals were estimated using an effective $K_s$ value ($K_{s-eff}$). The $K_s-{\phi}$ relationship was described by a Kozeny and Carmen equation, $K_s=B{\phi}^n$; where B and n are empirical constants and n = 31. This approach explained 86% of the variation between $K_s$ and ${\phi}$ within the soil seals. Knowledge of surface seal information and hydraulic conductivity can provide useful information to use in management of sites prone to sealing formation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2019

Estrogen withdrawal in post-menopausal women leads to overactivation of osteoclasts, which contributes to the development of osteoporosis. Inflammatory cytokines are known as one of mechanisms of osteoclast activation after estrogen deficiency. SPA0355 is a thiourea derivative that has been investigated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its efficacy in bone resorption has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of SPA0355 on the development of osteoporosis and to explore its mode of action. In vitro experiments showed that SPA0355 inhibited receptor activator of $NF-{\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. This effect appears to be independent of estrogen receptor activation as ICI 180,782 failed to abrogate its effects on osteoclasts. Further signaling studies revealed that SPA0355 suppressed activation of the MAPKs, Akt, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathways. SPA0355 also increased osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by its effects on alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization nodule formation. Intraperitoneal administration of SPA0355 to ovariectomized mice prevented bone loss, as verified by three-dimensional images and bone morphometric parameters derived from ${\mu}CT$ analysis. Noticeably, SPA0355 did not show hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity and also had little effect on hematological parameters. Taken together, the results indicate that SPA0355 may protect against bone loss in ovariectomized mice by stimulation of osteoblast differentiation and by inhibition of osteoclast resorption. Therefore, SPA0355 is a safe and potential candidate for management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• 대한구강악안면병리학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2018

The Hippo pathway was originally discovered in Drosophila by genetic screening and it has been shown to be conserved in various organisms including human. Until now, the essential roles of Hippo pathway in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and organ size control is extensively studied. Currently, Mats1/2 (Mob1a/1b), one of the important components in Hippo pathway, mutant mice were generated which has abnormal phenotype such as resistance to apoptosis and spontaneous tumorigenesis. Of note, Mats1/2 mutant mice also showed dental malocclusion. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the bone phenotype of Mats1/2 mutant mice. Although the mRNA expressions of Mats1 or Mats2 were observed in both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, the increase of Mats1 level was most prominent during osteoblastogenesis. The RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was unaltered upon Mats1/2 mutation; however, the osteoblast differentiation using calvarial pre-osteoblasts was significantly reduced in Mats1/2 mutant mice compare to that of wild type mice. In accordance with in vitro results, Mats1/2 mutant mice showed decreased bone volume as well as increased trabecular separation in ${\mu}CT$ analyses. These results may provide novel prospect of the probable linkage between Hippo pathway and bone homeostasis.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 쥐의 하악 절치에서 생물학적 광화에 대한 발육 단계를 타임테이블로 수립하는데 있다. 맹출 길이가 측정되었고 조직학적 절편과 미세단층촬영기(microscopic computerized tomography) 단면으로 절치 발육의 4단계 (1) preodontoblast, (2) dentin matrix secretion, (3) enamel matrix secretion, 그리고 (4) enamel calcification을 확인하였다. 쥐의 하악 절치에서 총 맹출 속도는 $600{\pm}70{\mu}m/day$ ($mean{\pm}SD$; n = 12) 였다. 법랑질 분비 길이는 조직학적 절편에서 $4.59{\pm}0.75mm$, 방사선학적 단면에서 $3.64{\pm}0.63mm$였고 이를 각각 속도로 환산하면 $180.4{\pm}30.0hours$, $145{\pm}25hours$ 으로 나타났다(n = 24). 이러한 결과들은 쥐의 절치의 생물학적 광화가 일어나는 발육 4 단계가 단 며칠 만에 이루어진다는 것을 제시한다. 이번 동물 실험연구의 결과는 발육 중인 치배의 빠른 광물화 과정을 치아 발육 기간의 분석을 통해 이해할 수 있다는 것에 의의가 있다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2003

중수로 압력관이 주위를 둘러싸고 있는 칼란드리아관과 접촉될 경우, 압력관의 내면과 외면의 온도차로 인하여 수소(중수소)의 열 확산이 발생하며 결과적으로 압력관 외면에 수소화물 블리스터가 형성된다. 수소화물 블리스터는 음향학적으로 지르코늄 매질과 연속성을 가지기 때문에 일반적인 초음파 검사법으로는 탐지하기가 어렵다. 지르코늄 압력관 외면에 발생한 작은 수소화물 블리스터를 압력관 내면에서 탐지하기 위하여 초음파 모드 변환 및 속도비 방법을 개발하였다. 정적인 열확산 실험 장치를 사용하여 압력관 외면에 수소화물 블리스터를 성장시켰다. 종파 에코의 비행시간과 모드 변환된 반사 횡파 에코의 비행시간을 측정하여 종파 대 횡파 속도비를 계산하였으며 이를 속도비를 수정된 등고선 표현 방식으로 나타냈다. 초음파 속도비 방법이 일반적인 종파 비행시간방법보다 수소화물 블리스터 탐지 감도가 우수하며 블리스터 형상화 측면에서도 실제 형상과 유사하게 재현하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 중수로 압력관 초음파 검사사양과 동일하게 최적화 조건에서 수소화물 블리스터 탐지한계는 보수적인 관점에서 압력관 외면에 나타나는 크기를 기준으로 약 $500{\mu}m$로 평가되었다.