• 제목/요약/키워드: ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ acid${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid transporter

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Betaine-γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (BGT-1/mGAT2)과 Munc-18-interacting (Mint) 단백질의 PDZ 결합 (Betaine-γ-aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 (BGT-1/mGAT2) Interacts with the PDZ Domain of Munc-18 Interacting Proteins (Mints))

  • 김상진;정영주;최선희;최춘연;전희재;문일수;석대현;장원희
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.1159-1165
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    • 2012
  • ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)는 신경세포 밖으로 분비된 후 GABA 수송체들(GATs)에 의하여 다시 신경세포 안으로 재흡수 된다. 그러나, GABA 수송체들이 어떻게 연접전막의 위치에 안정적으로 존재하는지 또한 어떤 단백질과 결합하여 조절을 받는지는 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서 효모 two-hybrid system을 이용하여 betaine-${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (BGT-1/mGAT2)의 C-말단과 특이적으로 결합하는 Munc-18-interacting (Mint) 단백질을 분리하였다. BGT-1/mGAT2의 C-말단에 존재하는 "T-H-L" 아미노산배열은 Mint2와의 결합에 필수적으로 관여하였다. Mint2은 BGT-1/mGAT2와는 결합하지만, 다른 종류의 GAT와는 결합하지 않았다. 또한 HEK-293T 세포에 Mint2와 BGT-1/mGAT2을 동시에 발현시켜 면역침강한 결과 두 단백질은 같이 면역침강하였으며, 두 단백질은 세포 내에서 세포막 부위에 같이 존재함도 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 Mint2가 BGT-1/mGAT2와 결합하여 BGT-1/mGAT2을 조절하는 역할을 함을 시사한다.

(γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter 2와 mammalian Lin-7의 PDZ결합 ((γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 2 Binds to the PDZ Domain of Mammalian Lin-7)

  • 석대현;문일수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제18권7호
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    • pp.940-946
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    • 2008
  • 신경전달물질을 수송하는 신경전달물질 수송체는 연접전막에서 신경전달물질의 농도를 조절한다. 신경세포에 발현하는 GATs들은 연접에서 억제성 신경전달물질인 GABA의 재흡수에 관여한다. GAT2/BGT1가 어떻게 연접전막에 안정적으로 존재하는지, 어떤 결합단백질과 결합하여 조절을 받는지는 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서 효모 two-hybrid system을 사용하여 GAT2의 C-말단과 특이적으로 결합하는 mammalian Lin-7 (MALS)-2을 분리하였다. GAT2의 C-말단에 존재하는 "T-X-L"아미노산 배열이 MALS-2와의 결합에 필수적으로 관여하였다. 또한 이 단백질간의 결합을 pull-down assay로 확인한 결과 MALS는 glutathione S-transferase (GST)와는 결합하지 않으나 GST-GAT2와는 결합하였다. 또한 생쥐의 뇌 균질액에서 GAT2는 MALS와 함께 침강함을 면역침강으로 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 MALS가 GAT2와 결합하여 GAT2를 연접전막에서 안정화시키는 역할을 함을 시사한다.

Co-Localization of GABA Shunt Enzymes for the Efficient Production of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid via GABA Shunt Pathway in Escherichia coli

  • Pham, Van Dung;Somasundaram, Sivachandiran;Park, Si Jae;Lee, Seung Hwan;Hong, Soon Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.710-716
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    • 2016
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid, which is an important inhibitor of neurotransmission in the human brain. GABA is also used as the precursor of biopolymer Nylon-4 production. In this study, the carbon flux from the tricarboxylic acid cycle was directed to the GABA shunt pathway for the production of GABA from glucose. The GABA shunt enzymes succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GabD) and GABA aminotransferase (GabT) were co-localized along with the GABA transporter (GadC) by using a synthetic scaffold complex. The co-localized enzyme scaffold complex produced 0.71 g/l of GABA from 10 g/l of glucose. Inactivation of competing metabolic pathways in mutant E. coli strains XBM1 and XBM6 increased GABA production 13% to reach 0.80 g/l GABA by the enzymes co-localized and expressed in the mutant strains. The recombinant E. coli system developed in this study demonstrated the possibility of the pathway of the GABA shunt as a novel GABA production pathway.

Enchancement of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Production by Co-Localization of Neurospora crassa OR74A Glutamate Decarboxylase with Escherichia coli GABA Transporter Via Synthetic Scaffold Complex

  • Somasundaram, Sivachandiran;Maruthamuthu, Murali Kannan;Ganesh, Irisappan;Eom, Gyeong Tae;Hong, Soon Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권9호
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    • pp.1664-1669
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    • 2017
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a precursor of nylon-4, which is a promising heat-resistant biopolymer. GABA can be produced from the decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase. In this study, a synthetic scaffold complex strategy was employed involving the Neurospora crassa glutamate decarboxylase (GadB) and Escherichia coli GABA antiporter (GadC) to improve GABA production. To construct the complex, the SH3 domain was attached to the N. crassa GadB, and the SH3 ligand was attached to the N-terminus, middle, and C-terminus of E. coli GadC. In the C-terminus model, 5.8 g/l of GABA concentration was obtained from 10 g/l glutamate. When a competing pathway engineered strain was used, the final GABA concentration was further increased to 5.94 g/l, which corresponds to 97.5% of GABA yield. With the introduction of the scaffold complex, the GABA productivity increased by 2.9 folds during the initial culture period.

GAT1과 ubiquitin-specific protease Usp14의 결합 (Interaction of GAT1 with Ubiquitin-Specific Protease Usp14 in Synaptic Terminal)

  • 석대현;김상진;정영주;예성수;박영홍;김무성;문일수;장원희
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권7호
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    • pp.1005-1011
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    • 2010
  • $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)는 중추신경계에서 억제성으로 작용하는 주요한 신경전달물질이다. GABA 수송체(GAT)는 연접간격에 존재하는 GABA를 세포 내로 재 흡수하여 GABA의 농도를 조절한다. 그런데 GABA 수송체가 어떻게 조절되는지는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 효모 two-hybrid system을 사용하여 뇌의 주요 GABA 수송체인 GAT1의 C-말단과 특이적으로 결합하는 ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (Usp14)를 분리하였다. Usp14는 GABA 수송체 GAT1및 GAT2와는 결합하지만, 다른 GAT isoform과는 결합하지 않았다. GAT1과의 결합에는 Usp14의 C-말단부위가 필수적으로 관여함을 확인하였다. 또한 이 단백질간의 결합을 GST pull-down assay로 확인하였으며, 생쥐 뇌 균질액의 co-immunoprecipitation을 통하여 in vivo에서도 GAT1과 Usp14가 결합함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 Usp14가 GAT1과 결합하여 세포막에 존재하는 GAT1의 수를 조절하는 역할을 할 가능성을 시사한다.

Developmental changes in GABAA tonic inhibition are compromised by multiple mechanisms in preadolescent dentate gyrus granule cells

  • Pandit, Sudip;Lee, Gyu Seung;Park, Jin Bong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.695-702
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    • 2017
  • The sustained tonic currents ($I_{tonic}$) generated by ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid A receptors ($GABA_{A}Rs$) are implicated in diverse age-dependent brain functions. While various mechanisms regulating $I_{tonic}$ in the hippocampus are known, their combined role in $I_{tonic}$ regulation is not well understood in different age groups. In this study, we demonstrated that a developmental increase in GABA transporter (GAT) expression, combined with gradual decrease in $GABA_AR{\alpha}_5$ subunit, resulted in various $I_{tonic}$ in the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) of preadolescent rats. Both GAT-1 and GAT-3 expression gradually increased at infantile ($P_{6-8}$ and $P_{13-15}$) and juvenile ($P_{20-22}$ and $P_{27-29}$) stages, with stabilization observed thereafter in adolescents ($P_{34-36}$) and young adults ($P_{41-43}$). $I_{tonic}$ facilitation of a selective GAT-1 blocker (NO-711) was significantly less at $P_{6-8}$ than after $P_{13-15}$. The facilitation of $I_{tonic}$ by SNAP-5114, a GAT-3 inhibitor, was negligible in the absence of exogenous GABA at all tested ages. In contrast, $I_{tonic}$ in the presence of a nonselective GAT blocker (nipecotic acid, NPA) gradually decreased with age during the preadolescent period, which was mimicked by $I_{tonic}$ changes in the presence of exogenous GABA. $I_{tonic}$ sensitivity to L-655,708, a $GABA_AR{\alpha}_5$ subunit inverse agonist, gradually decreased during the preadolescent period in the presence of NPA or exogenous GABA. Finally, Western blot analysis showed that the expression of the $GABA_AR{\alpha}_5$ subunit in the dentate gyrus gradually decreased with age. Collectively, our results suggested that the $I_{tonic}$ regulation of altered GATs is under the final tune of $GABA_AR{\alpha}_5$ subunit activation in DGGCs at different ages.