• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 1965

Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60, Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5, Streptococcus faecalis R have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of sixteen amino acids in Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar hydrolysate by alkaline and hydrolysis for succesive two hours from two to twelve hours, by means of microbiological assay. And thiamine and riboflavin were fluorometrically determinated by thiochrome and lumiflavin in powder (80mesh) of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar. The results were as follows: 1) Arginine contents was the highest in hydrolysate for two hours, but longer the hydrolysis, the more content Undaria pinnatifida was decreased. 2) The adequate contents of other amino acids were obtained by hydrolysis for six hours. 3) Growth check and improve of Lactobacillus were not identified in determination by microbiological assay for Undaria pinnatifida. 4) The following values were obtained in Undaria pinnatifida hydrolysate six hours: asparatic acid 466, arginine 230, lysine 317, histidine 74, isoleucine 242, methionine 202, phenylalanine 256, proline 231, threonine 231, tyrosine 161, valine 415, glycine 302, leucine 414, glutamic acid 625, cystine (5 hrs.) 53 and tryptophan (8 hrs.) 90mg per nitrogen one gram. 5) Protein score was 81 (limiting factor was isoleucine) and essential amino acids pattern was of satisfactory results. And methionine contained was higher than FAO value or milk value. 6) Sulphur contained amino acids (methionine plus cystine) contained in Undaria pinnatifida were 225mg/N-g. That was satisfactory results. 7) Absorption spectrum of wave length were not different 1% HAc from buffer-sol. (pH 6.8) in dilution for determination of riboflavin. Both methods might be suitable. 8) Thiamine and riboflavin contained in Undaria pinnatifida were ($B_1,\;82.51{\pm}1.1){\gamma}/N-g\;and\;(B_2,\;115.29{\pm}1.5){\gamma}/N-g.$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1973

In order to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on Salmonella typhi, Ty2, the components of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in irradiated cells were compared with those in unirradiated control cells respectively. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) The inactivation curves of Salmonella typhi with $Co^{60}$ .gamma.-ray irradiation were exponential over a wide range to the irradiated doses. 2) Dose for the inactivation factor of $10^8$ was 94.0 Krad in physiological saline or in phosphate buffered saline, 104.2 Krad in nutrient broth, 220.4Krad in frozen state, 552.0 Krad in dried state, 88.3 Krad in the abundance of oxygen and 188.0 Krad in the deficience of oxygen, respectively. 3) Five consecutive irradiation of Salmonella typhi suspension at the dose of 90 Krad gave no additional increase in resistance. 4) Even at the smallest dose of 500 Krad, compositions of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids were more or less decreased and the distinct banding patterns were also lost possibly due to degradation of the protein molecules.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.394-402
• /
• 2001

In order to investigate the composition of dried layer, Porphyra yezoensis cultured at the south coast of Korea, the dried laver was analyzed separately for extractive nitrogen, free and combined amino acids, ATP and related compounds and quaternary ammonium basis using specimens collected monthly from January to April 1998. The extractive nitrogen contents of dried layer extracts were $976\~1,196\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). Twenty-eight to thirty-one kinds of free amino acids were found in the dried laver extracts and their total amounts were 5,648-6,845 mg/100 g (on dry basis). The extracts were rich in free amino acids such as alanine, glutamic acid, taurine, phosphoserine and aspartic acid. Eighteen to twenty-two kinds of combined amino acids from oligopeptides were found in the extracts and their total amounts were $1,194\~1,406\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). The amounts of ATP and related compounds were $111.6\~195.5\;mg/100\;g\;(3.30\~6.00{\mu}mol/g$ on dry basis). Homarine was detected in all samples but glycinebetaine, $\beta$-alaninebetaine and $\gamma$-butyrobetaine disappeared during processing, TMAO was detected in all samples but low TMA was found in some. During processing of dried layer, P. yezoensis, free amino acids, ATP and its related compounds were increased but the other constituents such as combined amino acids, TMAO and TMA and betaines were decreased in all specimens.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.454-459
• /
• 2015

Background : The major compounds of Angelica species are decursin, decursinol angelate, nodakenin, umbelliferone and ${\beta}$-sitosterol, which act anti-inflammatories, reduce pains, protect the liver and enhance the immune system. This study investigated the chemical compositions, minerals, metals, sugars and overall amino acid composition in Angelica gigas Nakai. Methods and Results : Powder of Angelica roots smaller than 30 mesh were used. Physico-chemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates (62.0%), crude proteins (13.9%), moisture (11.4%), crude fats (7.3%) and ash (5.4%). Results showed that potassium was present in the highest amount (1,859 ppm), followed by magnesium (214.5 ppm), calcium (147.3 ppm) and sodium (6.0 ppm). Free sugar profiles showed the presence of sucrose (29.3 g/100 g). The total amino acids concentrations was 9,752 mg/100 g, the most common and dominant amino acids were arginine (2,181 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (1,212 mg/100 g) and aspartic acid (834 mg/100 g). The total free amino acids contents was 1,476 mg/100 g, in which the most common amino acid were arginine (932 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (127 mg/100 g), and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (80.4 mg/100 g). The fatty acid composition of A. gigas showed a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (443.9 mg/100 g) and palmitic acid (181.3 mg/100 g) according to gas chromatography. Conclusions : These results showed that Angelica roots can be used in various fields of foods and medicines, and in the preparation of cosmetics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2013

Laver, a red algae belonging to the genus Porphyra, is one of the most widely consumed edible seaweeds. The most popular commercial dried laver species, P. tenera and P. haitanensis, were collected from Korea and China, respectively, and evaluated for proximate composition, amino acids, minerals, trace heavy metals, and color. The moisture and ash contents of P. tenera and P. haitanensis ranged from 3.66~6.74% and 8.78~9.07%, respectively; crude lipid and protein contents were 1.96~2.25% and 32.16~36.88%, respectively. Dried lavers were found to be a good source of amino acids, such as asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, and taurine, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid. K, Ca, Mg, Na, P, I, Fe, and Se minerals were selected for analysis. A clear regional variation existed in the amino acid, mineral, and trace metal contents of lavers. Regular consumption of lavers may have heath benefits because they are relatively low in fat and high in protein, and contain functional amino acids and minerals.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.322-328
• /
• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the Quality of salted eggplants with mixed rice bran and salt during 7 days at $4^{\circ}\C$ for the quality improvement and arrangement of eggplants exported to Japan. It was carried out to analyze the changes of the color, organic acids, amino acids and minerals during salting. L and b values of eggplants were decreased, and a value of eggplants was increased during salting. Organic acids such as acetic, citric, lactic, malic, and succinic acids were analyzed from eggplants. The content of acetic and malic acid were decreased during salting, but citric and succinic acid contents were increased The major amino acids were alanine, glycine, valine and leucine. Total amino acid content of Chukyang was decreased but that of Shikibu was not changed during salting. The major free amino acid was $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid and contents of $\alpha$-aminoadipic acid and $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid were increased during salting. Sodium and potassium were major minerals of eggplants. Sodium, potassium and magnesium were increased during salting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in components of salted eggplant (chukyang) during storage. The contents of total and reducing sugar were decreased during storage, and the tendency was lower in the salted eggplants of vacuum packing storage than in the salted eggplants of rice bran immersion storage. The organic acids of salted eggplants were acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and malic acid. And acetic and malic acid contents were much higher than the others. The content of acetic acid was increased during storage, but malic acid was decreased. Major amino acids of eggplants were valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine. The content of total amino acid was 1,488.18 mg/100 g in eggplant packed vacuum film at 20 days of storage, and higher than those in fresh eggplant. The content of total amino acid in eggplant immersed in wet rice bran was 745.42 mg/100 g at 20 days of storage, and decreased during storage. The contents of aspartic acid, alanine, cystine, and proline in free amino acids of salted eggplants were higher than other amino acids. The contents of phosphoserine, taurine, ${\gamma}$ -aminoisobutyric acid and hydroxyproline were higher than others. Posphoserine content was decreased during storage, but ${\gamma}$ -aminoisobutyric acid content was increased during storage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 1968

A survey of the free amino acids and free sugars in the juice of fourteen citrus varieties was made by means of paper chromatography and the pectin content in the rind was detected The results of the survey are summarized as follows. 1) Sixteen aminoacids detecteu in fourteen varieties under the condition of this study were distributed with. different frequency as follow. Proline, gamma-amino-butyric acid, alanine, valine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid (in 14 varieties), lysine(12), leucine threonine(11), isoleucine(10), arginine(9), glycine(6) ${\beta}-alanine$(4) asparagine(3) unknown(2). 2) Proline, gamma-amino-butyric acid were mostly abundant in all varieties and alanine was next in the amount. 3) The varieties in the decreasing order of number of amino acids container were C. grandis madow C. leiocarpa (14 acids), C. sulcata, C. hassaku. native citron, Fortunella japonica(13) C. grandis heiko, C. Tamurana iyo, C. nobilis(12) C. reticulata C. junos(11) C. natsudaidai(10) C. miyakawa unshiu, C. ohali unshiu(9). 4) The varieties which appear to contain all essential amino acids(6 acids)detected were C. grandis madow C. grandis heiko, C. sulcata, C. Tamurana iyo, C. hassaku and native citron, and C. natsudaidai, C. unshiu were the least (1-3 acids). 5) Glucose fructose, sucrose and maltose were detected in all varieties. 6) The pectin content in the rind ranged from 8.64% F.W.(C. junos) up to 17.0% for C, grandis madow and the mean was $11.63{\pm}2.69%$.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2018

Chlorella is quantitatively and qualitatively high in protein with balanced essential amino acid profiles, vitamins and minerals. ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) is broadly distributed in nature and fulfills multi-physiological functions including effect such as a health-promoting functional compound. To improve the GABA production, Chlorella protothecoides were grown through the modified mixtrophic culture medium containing 2L of sterilized bristol medium with 0.01% urea and 4.0% glucose in a 5L fermenter. The results showed that nineteen kinds of amino acid including GABA at C. protothecoides sample were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Glutamic acid in total concentration (%) of amino acid is the most abundant amino acid (33.10%), followed by alanine (20.48%) and GABA (17.48%). Three amino acids including GABA were responsible for more than 70% total concentration in C. protothecoides sample including eight essential and nine non-essential amino acids: aspartic acid, asparagine, serine, glutamine, histidine, glycine, threonine, arginine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine. As a result of this experiment, it is expected that Chlorella will be developed to a critical product having high value as, GABA, functional food materials.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 1961

Ethanol extracts of Mung Bean seeds and seedings were analysed by 2-dimensional and circular paper partion chromatography for Nitrogen compounds as a part of the study on the Amino acids metabolism. In the seeds, 18 ninhydrin positive substances were present, before germination, but the number increased to 21 after germination. There were 3 unknown substances and one of it formed newly after germination. After 2-days germination, the amount of amides, such as Asparagine and Glutamine. where increased very large which were very small amount before it. Those were accumulated more in dark place than in light and the amount of Asparigine were more than that of Glutamine. Through the germination, there were large amount of Glutarmic acid, Aspartic acid and Alanine which seems to be concerned in transamination reaction in seedings. Valine, Leucine, and Phenylalanine increased to considerable amount after germination. This is very remarkable fact as those Amino acids were reported to be concerned in transamination reaction recently. ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid was detected in both Cotyledon and Embroy through the germination. It seemed that there is no any Nitrogen Metabolism in the unbroken seed even if it is preserved very long period.