• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 원예활동프로그램이 4학년 간호대학생의 정서지능과 스트레스 대처에 미치는 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계의 유사실험연구(Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design)이다. 연구대상은 G지역의 2개 대학의 4학년 간호대학생으로 실험군 29명, 대조군 30명이었다. 프로그램은 1회당 80분, 주 2회씩, 5주간 총 10회기로 운영하였다. 사전 사후조사는 동일하게 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 정서지능, 스트레스 대처를 측정하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS WIN 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석(Frequency analysis), 기술통계(Descriptive statistics), ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, Fisher's exact test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent t-test, paired t-test를 이용하였다. 연구결과는 원예활동프로그램을 적용 후 정서지능(t=-3.33, p=.002)과 스트레스 대처(t=-2.35, p=.023)는 두 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이 연구 결과를 통해 원예활동프로그램은 4학년 간호대학생의 정서지능과 스트레스 대처 향상에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.105-130
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the statistical methods errors used in the journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine(JORM) and to identify the types of errors in statistical analysis. Methods : We reviewed quantitative articles that were published in the JORM from January 2005 through October 2009. Those were not used by statistical analysis such as literature studies, case study, review articles were not included in this analysis. A total of 296 articles was reviewed. We evaluated the adequacy and the validity of the statistical techniques with our checklist established be modified Lee's checklist, and three statistical evaluators assessed together to minimize bias. Results : Of the 222 articles, 213 were used in inferential and descriptive statistics. Of those 80% of articles adopting descriptive and inferential statistics were detected having statistical errors. One articles used 1.7 statistical method unit generally. Most frequently employed statistics were student t-test, one way ANOVA. pearson correlation analysis, Mann-whitney U test, paired t-test, and chi-square test in their order. However, most frequent statistics having errors were similar in order. The most common statistic errors were as follow: 1. absence of normality test, 2. misuse between paired test and unpaired test, 3. wrong choice of repeated measures analysis without consideration of time variables, 4, increase of Type I error by using inappropriate multiple test, 5. inappropriate application of discrete or categorical data instead of continuous data in correlation analysis, 6. poor consideration of basic consumption in chi-square test, 7. confusion between frequency comparison and average comparison, 8. mentioning the statistical technique without using it. Conclusions : We found various mistake or misuses in the applications of statistical methodologies in the articles published in the JORM. Careful consideration of statistical use and review from the specialist of statistics are warranted for improving the quality of JORM.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.469-479
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of public health center smoking cessation counseling program using the transtheoretical model on the process of change, smoking temptation, decisional balance and stage change transition. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. The study population was 115 adult smokers. The counseling program was administered to the experimental group and a smoking cessation program from the Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare was administered to the control group. Descriptive analysis, $\chi^2-test$, t-test, and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 12.0 program to analyze the data. Results: After treatment with this program, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores for process of change (t=4.148, p<.001), smoking temptation (t=-2.988, p=.003), and stage change transition ($\chi^2=5.871$, p=.031) compared to the control group. Experimental group members also showed significantly lower score for Pros of smoking (t=-3.151, p=.002). Conclusion: The findings indicate that this program could have positive effect on process of change, smoking temptation, decisional balance and stage transition for adult smokers. Based on these findings, the authors suggest additional counseling program focusing on smokers in specific stages.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2015

Purpose: Many patients presenting with headache also complain of constipation; the relationship between these two symptoms has not been explored in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between primary headache and constipation. Methods: This retrospective study included all children who attended the Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital complaining of headache, and who had been followed up for at least 100 days. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A, in whom the headache improved after treatment for constipation, and group B, in whom headache was not associated with constipation. Results: Of the 96 patients with primary headache, 24 (25.0%) also had constipation (group A). All 24 received treatment for constipation. Follow-up revealed an improvement in both headache and constipation in all patients. Group B contained the remaining 72 children. Comparison of groups A and B indicated a significant difference in sex ratio (P=0.009, chi-square test). Patients with probable tension-type headache were more likely to be in Group A (P=0.006, chi-square test). Conclusion: Resolution of constipation improves headache in many patients diagnosed with primary headache, especially those with probable tension-type headache. We suggest that either constipation plays a key role in triggering headache, or that both constipation and headache share a common pathophysiology.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.446-456
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for nursing programs in order to reduce depression among middle aged adults by looking at gender differences. Method: A comparative descriptive design was used. Subjects were 315 adults from February. 15 to March. 2, 2005, using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using $\chi^{2}$-test, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. Results: $\chi^{2}$-test revealed significant gender differences in socio-demographic variables for career, drinking, smoking, and satisfaction with the spouse. The factors that influenced depression for men were stress, fatigue, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. For women, those factors were stress, family support, coping skills, and well-being. Conclusions: The results show that gender differences existed in terms of depressions, in terms of factors influencing depression. As a result, when middle aged adults are provided nursing programs, gender differences should be considered. To decrease the depression of men, nursing interventions are needed to decrease their stress and fatigue, and to improve their job satisfaction and self- efficacy. To decrease the depression of women, it is also needed to decrease their stress, to elevate their family support and coping skills, and to support them so that their well-being is perceived good.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2007

We investigated the foraging habitat preferences of herons and egrets in an agricultural area in Asan city, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. In the study area, rice fields were the most abundant habitat type (86.8%) and total suitable feeding habitat was greater in the northern area (59.0%) than the southern area (22.5%) of the colony. Most feeding herons and egrets were located in the northern area of the colony. The number of feeding individuals in a given area was related to the available feeding area (Pearson correlation, r=0.773, p<0.001 for field habitats; r=0.901, p<0.001 for freshwater habitats). Feeding habitat preferences differed among species. Grey herons (Ardea cinerea), great egrets (Egretta alba), and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) used reservoirs and ditches. However, intermediate egrets (E. intermedia) and cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) were dependent on rice fields. The little egret (E. garzetta) was a habitat generalist using all types of habitats. The two largest species, grey herons and great egrets, fed at deeper site than little egrets and foraged in deeper sites in reservoirs than in ditches (${\chi}^2-test,\;{\chi}^2{_3}=26.6$ and p<0.001 for grey herons, ${\chi}^2{_3}=17.5$ and p<0.001 for great egrets). All species displayed seasonal changes in feeding habitat use and these changes were related with changes in availability of feeding habitats.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper (1) identifies the factors that affect people's changing habits towards waste sorting, (2) evaluates the benefits of waste sorting to the environment and (3) designs communication strategies to change people's behavior and habits in sorting plastic waste in Ho Chi Mnh City, Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: Using the data from 309 people that are living in Ho Chi Minh City and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), to evaluate variables and test the hypotheses. Results: Research results show that attitudes, subjective standards, behavioral control, and facilities affect people's intention to classify plastic waste. We find that environmental concerns greatly influence people's attitudes. In contrast, environmental concerns have a relatively weaker effect on people's degree of behavioral control. Conclusion: Environmental protection is a matter of concern in the world. In Vietnam, this issue has been institutionalized into law to create a basis for improving the effectiveness of environmental protection activities. This article has some limitations. Firstly, sample is limited to HCMC residents; the study results are not representative of the entire population of Vietnam. This paper is based on cross-sectional data, which is not the best way to establish a causal relationship between the intention to sort plastic waste and its drivers.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.808-817
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 노인요양병원 요양보호사의 피부감염 인식과 감염관리 수행 정도를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 방법: 본 연구는 G시와 J도에 소재한 7개 노인요양병원에서 근무하고 있는 요양보호사 209명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 program을 이용하여 ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test와 ANOVA로 통계 분석하였다. 결과: 노인요양병원 근무 시 새로 생긴 피부감염은 76.6%가 '예'라고 응답하였으며, 피부감염의 진단은 접촉 피부염 42.5%, 옴 26.9% 그리고 습진 25.0% 였다. 피부감염 인식은 평균 3.81점이었고 감염관리 수행 정도는 412점 이었다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 감염관리 수행에서는 병상수(F=4.63, p=.011)와 하루 동안 돌보는 환자 수(F=2.67, p=.049)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과는 요양보호사를 위한 보수교육 및 의료감염관리 표준지침 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

국민건강영양조사 제 6기(1, 2, 3차 년도) 원시자료를 이용하여 성인의 건강행태 및 요검사 수치와 치주염과의 융합적 영향요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 구강검진 내용과 요당, 요케톤 등의 요검사 수치가 있는 중년층 만 40세 이상을 대상자로 선정하였고, SPSS(SPSS 18.0 for Windows, SPSS Inc, USA)를 사용하여 최종 11,036명을 분석하였다. 인구사회학적 특성, 건강행태 및 요검사 수치와 치주염 유무 차이, 영향요인을 분석하기 위하여 교차분석(${\chi}^2-test$), 로지스틱 회귀분석을 하였다. 요검사 수치와 치주염 유병 관련성에서는 요당 양성, 단백뇨의 경우에서 통계적으로 유의 차이가 있었다. 위험요인으로는 남성, 연령, 소득과 교육수준, 농촌, 흡연, 비만일 경우, 요당 양성일 경우로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 건강행태의 개선과 전신질환 요인들의 적극적인 관리가 필요하고 만성병인 치주염의 관리 및 예방 프로그램 개발이 이루어져야할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1623-1631
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• 2014

본 연구는 지역아동센터를 이용하는 아동에게 한방기공체조 프로그램을 적용한 후 아동의 불안감과 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 시도되었다. 지역아동센터를 이용하는 아동 88명을 대상으로 2012년 3월 18일부터 9월 18일까지 12주간 한방기공체조 프로그램을 실시하였으며 불안감 및 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 유사실험연구로 t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA를 실시하였다. 프로그램 적용 후 불안감은 실험군에서 불안감 감소는 보였지만 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며(t=-1.437, p=.154), 자기효능감은 실험군이 대조군에 비해 향상되어 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(t=2.456, p=.016). 이상의 연구결과를 볼 때, 불안감은 두 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었지만 감소시키고, 자기효능감 향상에 도움이 됨을 확인하였다. 그러므로 한방기공체조 프로그램은 지역아동센터를 이용하는 아동의 불안감을 감소시키고 자기효능감을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.