• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.728-737
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of pound cake made of substituted flour with different amount of $\beta-glucan$ i.e. 3, 6 and $9\%$ respectively. $\beta-glucan$ is a functional food material produced from Agrobacterium sup. R259 KCTC 10197BP. The specific gravity and pH of dough were found to be increased according to $\beta-glucan$ content Rheological property such as adhesiveness of dough has no difference between control and $\beta-glucan$ added groups. The pH of baked pound cake was not significantly different between control and $\beta-glucan$ groups. The volume of baked pound cake wag not significantly different between control and the ones with up to $6\%$ $\beta-glucan$, Lightness (L), redness (a) and yellowness (b) value of Hunter color system of cake crumb were not significantly different among teated groups, except a value of crust in $9\%$ $\beta-glucan$ group. the moisture content of cake increased according to $\beta-glucan$ content. Hardness by texture analyser was decreased with increasing $\beta-glucan$ content although cohesiveness wag not changed in β$\beta-glucan$ groups, compared with the control. Sensory evaluation results showed that the mean scores of over·all acceptability in 3 and $6\%$ $\beta-glucan$ were higher than that of control. Based on these results, the addition of $\beta-glucan$ to pound cake up to $6\%$ was considered to be desirable especially in terms of texture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권21호
• /
• pp.9225-9232
• /
• 2014

Ensuring adherence to chemotherapy is important to prevent disease progression, prolong survival and sustain good quality of life. Capecitabine is a complex chemotherapeutic agent with many side effects that might affect patient adherence to treatment. This cross sectional study aimed to determine adherence to capecitabine and its contributing factors among cancer outpatients in Malaysia. One hundred and thirteen patients on single regime capecitabine were recruited from Hospital Sultan Ismail and Hospital Kuala Lumpur from October 2013 to March 2014. Adherence was determined based on adherence score using validated Medication Compliance Questionnaire. Patient socio-demographics, disease, and treatment characteristics were obtained from medical records. Satisfaction score was measured using the validated Patient Satisfaction with Healthcare questionnaire. The mean adherence score was 96.1% (standard deviation: 3.29%). The significant contributing factors of adherence to capecitabine were Malay ethnicity [${\beta}=1.3$; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21, 2.43; p value=0.020], being female [${\beta}=1.8$; 95%CI: 0.61, 2.99; p value=0.003]), satisfaction score [${\beta}=0.08$; 95%CI: 0.06, 1.46; p value=0.035], presence of nausea or vomiting [${\beta}=2.3$; 95%CI: 1.12, 3.48; p value <0.001] and other side effects [${\beta}=1.45$; 95%CI: 0.24, 2.65; p value=0.019]. Adherence to capecitabine was generally high in our local population. Attention should be given to non-Malay males and patients having nausea, vomiting or other side effects. Sufficient information, proactive assessment and appropriate management of side effects would improve patient satisfaction and thus create motivation to adhere to treatment plans.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 1999

Falk(1994) showed that the asymptotic efficiency of the Pickands estimator of the extreme value index $\beta$ can considerably be improved by a simple convex combination. In this paper we propose an alternative estimator of $\beta$ which is as asymptotically efficient as the optimal convex combination of the Pickands estimators but has a better finite-sample performance. We prove consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to compare the finite-sample performances of the proposed estimator and the optimal convex combination estimator.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.11-27
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this research is to study the middle and high school student’s value on the family life of the contemporary society. The data for this study has been collected for 808 students of kangwon-do by Liert-scale Type questionnaire. The data were processed by SPSS-X Program. Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’r coefficient, Step-wise multiple regression and Cronbach’coefficient have been calculated and analyzed. The Summary of this research is described as follows. Firstly, the overall average of value of family life was 3.25 points which reflected more or less modern tendency. Secondly, significant difference in the student’s value of family life affected by environmental variables were such as sex(P<.001) school years(P<.001) group(P<.01). Thirdly, the overall average of the student’s interest in the home economics was 3.74 points which reflected heigher tendency, Significant difference in the student’s interest in the home economics according to environmental variables were such as sex(P<.001) school years(P<.05), living standard(P<.01), residential area(P<.001). Fourthly, the student’s overall interest in the home economics and their view on the family life were correlated as follows; Spare time(r=-1.3), parents-children(r=.12) relatives and neighbors(r=0.8) show lower correlation and household work(r=.07) show higher correlation. Fifthly, the area which has closest correlation with the value on the family life was the value on family economics, whereas is has been shown that the field with least correlation was the area of supporting the spare time. Sixthly changes that affect the student’s value of the family life were such as sex (${\beta}$=.43), school years(${\beta}$=.18), group(${\beta}$=.15) and interest degrees(${\beta}$=-.12). These whole explanatory power was 21%.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2004

Liver and serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activities were determined in ethanol intoxicated rats with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation (CBD) to manifest the biochemical background of alcohol drinking hazard under the hepatobiliary disease. Liver $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity and its Vmax value in CBD ligated rats with chronic ethanol intoxication were found to be significantly decreased than that in CBD ligation alone. However, the difference of Km value on above hepatic enzyme was not found between the experimental groups. On the other hand, serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity in CBD ligated rats with chronic ethanol intoxication was increased more than that in CBD ligation alone. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of the hepatic $\beta$-D-mannosidase decreases and the serum $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity increases in cholestasis combined with chronic ehtanol intoxication, reflecting damage of aggravated hapatocytic membrane. Accordingly, the resulting data supported the fact that alcoholic drinks were enzymologically harmful to the hepatobiliary disease.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.1921-1924
• /
• 2011

Nitrile-forming eliminations from $(E)-2,4,6-(NO_2)_3C_6H_2CH=NOC_6H_4-2-X-4-NO_2$ (1) promoted by $R_3NH/R_3NH^+$ in 70 mol % MeCN(aq) have been studied kinetically. When X = $NO_2$, the reactions exhibited second-order kinetics as well as Br$\"{o}$nsted ${\beta}$ = 0.63 and ${\mid}{\beta}_{lg}{\mid}$ = 0.34-0.46, and an E2 mechanism is evident. As the leaving group was made poorer (X = H, Cl, and $CF_3$), Br$\"{o}$nsted ${\beta}$ value increased from 0.63 to 0.85-0.89 without much change in the ${\mid}{\beta}_{lg}{\mid}$ value E2, indicating that structure of the transition state changed to an E1cb-like with extensive $C_{\beta}-H$ bond cleavage, significant negative charge development at the ${\beta}$-carbon, and limited $C_{\alpha}$-OAr bond cleavage.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.517-522
• /
• 1992

10$^{\circ}C$와 20$^{\circ}C$에서 ${\beta}$-피콜린과 치환된 벤조일클로라이드류의 반응을 압력변화에 따라 아세토니트릴용매내에서 전기전도도법으로 연구하였다. 유사 1차속도상수와 2차속도상수로부터 여러 가지 활성화파라미터들(${\Delta}V{\neq}$, ${\Delta}{\beta}{\neq}$, ${\Delta}H{\neq}$, ${\Delta}S{\neq}$ and ${\Delta}G{\neq}$)을 구하고, Hammett ${\rho}$값의 압력의존성을 설명하였다. ${\Delta}V{\neq}$, ${\Delta}{\beta}{\neq}$ 및 ${\Delta}S{\neq}$ 는 모두 음의 값을 나타내었고, 압력증가에 따라 속도상수와 Hammett ${\rho}$값은 증가하며, 결합형성이 더욱 촉진된 반응메카니즘으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2013

The aims of this research were to produce oil-in-water ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin/alginate (${\beta}$-lg/Al) nanoemulsions loaded with coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and to investigate the combined effects of heating temperature and alginate concentration on the physicochemical properties and encapsulation efficiency of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions. In ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions production, various heating temperatures (60, 65, and $70^{\circ}C$) and alginate concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05%) were used. A transmission electron microscopy was used to observe morphologies of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions. Droplet size and zeta-potential values of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ were determined by electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer and HPLC, respectively. The spherically shaped ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions with the size of 169 to 220 nm were successfully formed. The heat treatments from 60 to $70^{\circ}C$ resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in droplet size, polydispersity, zeta-potential value of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions, and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. As alginate concentration was increased from 0 to 0.05%, there was an increase in the polydispersity index of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. This study demonstrates that heating temperature and alginate concentration had a major impact on the size, polydispersity, zeta-potential value and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ in ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.867-879
• /
• 2012

For ${\beta}$ > 1, let $T_{\beta}$ : [0, 1] ${\rightarrow}$ [0, 1) be the ${\beta}$-transformation. We consider an invariant $T_{\beta}$-orbit closure contained in a closed interval with diameter 1/${\beta}$, then define a function ${\Xi}({\alpha},{\beta})$ by the supremum such $T_{\beta}$-orbit with frequency ${\alpha}$ in base ${\beta}$, i.e., the maximum value in $T_{\beta}$-orbit closure. This paper effectively determines the maximal domain of ${\Xi}$, and explicitly specifies all possible minimal intervals containing $T_{\beta}$-orbits.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.507-512
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 $80^{\circ},\;130^{\circ}C$ 및 $180^{\circ}C$온도대별로 유열 처리한 돈지에 $0\%,\;0.001\%$ 및 $0.004\%$의 수준으로 $\beta-carotene$을 첨가한 후 $50^{|circ}C$에서 15일간 보관시키면서 $\beta-carotene$ 총의 열 산화 안정성을 알아내기 위하여 총 균수검사, 과산화물가 (Peroxide value), 산가(Acid value) 및 TBA가를 측정하여 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 미생물 총 균수 실험에서 $\beta-carotene$의 첨가량이 $0\%,\;0.001\%$ 및 $0.004\%$로 증가함에 따라 균의 증식이 현저하게 억제되었다. 온도대별로 $180^{\circ}C$ 처리 군에서는 저장기간이 길어질수록 총 균수가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, $80^{\circ}C$ 및 $130^{\circ}C$ 처리 군에서는 저장 기간이 길어질수록 총 균수가 현저하게 증가하였다. 2) 과산화물가의 측정 실험에 $\beta-carotene$의 첨가량이 $0.004\%$일 때가 $0\%,\;0.001\%$에 비해 유의하게 (P<0.05) 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 3) 산가의 측정실험에서 저장기간이 길어지면서 $\beta-carotene$의 첨가량이 증가할수록 항산화 능력과는 정의 상관관계를 나타났다. $\beta-Carotene$의 첨가량이 $0.004\%$일 때가 $0\%,\;0.001\%$에 비해 유의하게 (P<0.05) 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 4) TBA가 측정실험에서 대조군과 시료와의 비교에서 온도가 증가함에 따라 값이 상승하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 저장 기간 15일째 $\beta-carotene$의 첨가량이 $0.001\%$ 및 $0.004\%$ 처리 군이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 (P<0.05) 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 따라서 유열처리 한 돈지에 $0.004\%$ $\beta-carotene$을 첨가하면 열 산화 방지에 매우 효과적인 것으로 사료되었다.