• 한국자기학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1991

F $e_{76-x}$ C $u_{1}$M $o_{x}$S $i_{14}$ $B_{9}$(x=2, 3)비정질합금의 열처리에 따른 자기적특성과 미세구조의 변화에 대해 조사하였다. 이들합금을 500 .deg. C에서 1시간 열처리한 경우, 결정화에 의해 약 20mm의 입경을 갖는 .alpha. -Fe의 초미세결정립 조직으로 변태하였으며, 이때 얻어진 합금의 실효투자율은 8~9*$10^{3}$, 보자력은 3~4A/m정도이었다. 초미세결정합금의 연자기특성을 크게 좌우하는 요소중의 하나가 입경의 크기이며, 우수 한 자성특성을 얻기위해서는 결정립의 미세화가 요구되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 따라 Fe-Cu-Mo-Si-B계 합금의 경우보다 우수한 연자기특성을 얻기 위하여 2단 열처리를 행하였다. 즉, 400 .deg. C에서 1~3시간 저온 열처리 후 500 .deg. C에서 1시간 고온열처리를 하면 입경이 10nm이하로 감소하였으며, 이때 얻어진 합금의 실효투자율은 1.2~ 1.7*$10^{4}$이고 보자력은 ~2A/m이었다. 이와 같은 연자기특성의 향상은 .alpha. -Fe(Si)결정립의 미세화에 따른 평균결정자기이방성 의 감소에 기인하는 것으로 믿어진다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2010

In this work, the scintillation properties of CsI:Na crystal were investigated as radiation detection sensor. This scintillation material was grown by a 2-zone vertical Bridgman method. Under X-ray excitation the crystal shows a broad emission band between 280 nm and 690 nm wavelength range, peaking at 413 nm. Energy resolution for $^{137}Cs$ 662 keV $\gamma$-rays of the crystal was measured to be 6.9 %(FWHM). At room temperature, the crystal exhibits three exponential decay time components. The fast and major component of scintillation time profile of the crystal emission decays with a 457 ns time constant. Absolute light yield of the crystal was estimated to be 53,000 ph/MeV using LAAPD. The sample crystal shows proportionality of 30 % in the measured energy range from 31 to 1,333 keV. And the $\alpha/\beta$ ratio of the crystal was 0.14.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.689-695
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• 2012

We have examined the co-doping effects of 1/2 mol% NiO and 1/4 mol% $Cr_2O_3$ (Ni:Cr = 1:1) on the reaction, microstructure, and electrical properties, such as the bulk defects and the grain boundary properties, of ZnO-$Bi_2O_3-Sb_2O_3$ (ZBS; Sb/Bi = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) varistors. The sintering and electrical properties of Ni,Cr-doped ZBS, ZBS(NiCr) varistors were controlled using the Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore ($Zn_2Bi_3Sb_3O_{14}$), ${\alpha}$-spinel ($Zn_7Sb_2O_{12}$), and ${\delta}-Bi_2O_3$ were detected for all of compositions. For the sample with Sb/Bi = 1.0, the Pyrochlore was decomposed and promoted densification at lower temperature by Ni rather than by Cr. A homogeneous microstructure was obtained for all of the samples affected by ${\alpha}$-spinel. The varistor characteristics were not dramatically improved (non-linear coefficient, ${\alpha}$ = 5~24), and seemed to form ${Zn_i}^{{\cdot}{\cdot}}$(0.17 eV) and ${V_o}^{\cdot}$(0.33 eV) as dominant defects. From impedance and modulus spectroscopy, the grain boundaries were found to have been divided into two types, i.e., one is tentatively assigned to ZnO/$Bi_2O_3$ (Ni,Cr)/ZnO (0.98 eV) and the other is assigned to a ZnO/ZnO (~1.5 eV) homojunction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.941-948
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• 2009

The present study aims at the examination of the effects of 1 mol% NiO addition on the reaction, microstructure development, resultant electrical properties, and especially the bulk trap and interface state levels of $ZnO-Bi_2O_3-Sb_2O_3$ (Sb/Bi=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) systems (ZBS). The samples were prepared by conventional ceramic process, and characterized by density, XRD, SEM, I-V, impedance and modulus spectroscopy (IS & MS) measurement. The sintering and electrical properties of Ni-doped ZBS (ZBSN) systems were controlled by Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore ($Zn_2Bi_3Sb_3O_{14}$) was decomposed more than $100^{\circ}C$ lowered in ZBS (Sb/Bi=1.0) by Ni doping. The reproduction of pyrochlore was suppressed by the addition of Ni in ZBS. Between two polymorphs of $Zn_7Sb_2O_{12}$ spinel ($\alpha$ and $\beta$), microstructure of ZBSN (Sb/Bi=0.5) composed of a-spinel was more homogeneous than $Sb/Bi{\geq}1.0$ composed of $\beta$-spinel phase. In ZBSN, the varistor characteristics were not improved drastically (non-linear coefficient $\alpha\;=\;6{\sim}11$) and independent on microstructure according to Sb/Bi ratio. Doping of Ni to ZBS seemed to form ${V_0}^{\cdot}$ (0.33 eV) as dominant bulk defect. From IS & MS, especially the grain boundaries of Sb/Bi=0.5 systems were divided into two types, i.e. sensitive to oxygen and thus electrically active one and electrically inactive intergranular one with temperature.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1993

These experiments were carried out to investigate whether zona hardening affect the efficiency of in vitro fertilization in mouse oocytes. The soluble properties for zona pellucida of oocytes matured in vivo, aged oocytes, and ovarian oocytes matured in vitro have been analyzed with proteolytic enzyme, 3mg/ml of $\alpha$-chymotrypsin. The mean solubility(t50) for the zona of unfertilized oocytes, oocytes not fertilized at the first inseminati and in vitro produced zygotes were 10.1, 20.3 and 32.3min., respectively. The t50 for zona lysis of fertilized oocytes was significantly difference than those observed for unfertilized oocytes and oocytes not fertilized at the first insemination(P<0.01). In addition, the t50 of zona in ovulated oocytes with and without cumulus cells incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hr in vitro, t50 were 13.9, 11.1, 20.7 and 28.0min., and 22.3, 21.0, 30.0 and 33.5min., respectively. In these experiments, the zona pellucida showed a gradual increase in resistance to dissolution by $\alpha$-chyjotrypsin with in vitro aging for more than 6 hrs. This effect was greater in cumulus-free as compared to cumulus-intact oocytes. Finally, in cumulus-intact and cumulus-free ovarian oocytes matured for 0, 5, 10 and 15 hr in vitro the t50 of zona pellucida were 3.0, 10.6, 18.4 and 24.5 min., and 3.0, 14.0, 26.2 and 32.0 min., respectively. Clear differences in solubility between the zona pellucida of oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro. This data were found suggest that under in vitro conditions there is a gradual change in the soluble properties of the zona pellucida, particularly in the absence of the cumulus cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2016

Sepsis, a serious clinical problem, is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection and leads to organ failure. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is intimately implicated in hyper-inflammatory responses and tissue injury during sepsis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective mechanisms of trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor, associated with TLR signaling pathway during sepsis. The anti-inflammatory properties of TSA were assayed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a clinically relevant model of sepsis. The mice were intraperitoneally received TSA (1, 2 or 5 mg/kg) 30 min before CLP. The serum and liver samples were collected 6 and 24-h after CLP. TSA inhibited the increased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. TSA improved sepsis-induced mortality, attenuated liver injury and decreased serum TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels. CLP increased the levels of TLR4, TLR2 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) protein expression and association of MyD88 with TLR4 and TLR2, which were attenuated by TSA. CLP increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B and decreased cytosolic inhibitor of kappa B ($I{\kappa}B$) protein expression, which were attenuated by TSA. Moreover, CLP decreased acetylation of $I{\kappa}B$ kinase (IKK) and increased association of IKK with $I{\kappa}B$ and TSA attenuated these alterations. Our findings suggest that TSA attenuates liver injury by inhibiting TLR-mediated inflammatory response during sepsis.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.66.3-66.3
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• 2019

We present near-infrared spectroscopic results for three nearby class I sources, IRAS 03445+3242, IRAS 04239+2436 and ESO $H{\alpha}$ 279a. We detected many molecular and atomic line emissions, e.g., $H_2$, [Fe II], Hydrogen Bracket series recombination, Ca I, Na I & CO overtone band, from these sources using the high-resolution Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS; R~45,000). Previous studies showed that all the three sources posses actively accreting Keplerian disks. We performed spectral analysis to understand the origin of Hydrogen Bracket series recombination lines. We also estimated the accretion properties and mass loss rates of circumstellar disks for all the three sources.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.40.1-40.1
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• 2021

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, which is, in the cosmological context, attributed to its simplest structure consisting of a proton and an electron. Hydrogen interacts with an electromagnetic wave in astrophysical environments. Rayleigh scattering refers to elastic scattering, where the frequencies of the incident and scattered photons are the same. Rayleigh and resonance scattering is a critical role study Lyman Alpha objects in the early universe. The scattering causes the frequency and spatial diffusion of Lyα. In the case of Raman scattering, the energies of the incident and scattered photons are different. The photons near Lyβ convert to the optical photons near Hα through Raman scattering. The photon scattered by atomic hydrogen can carry both of the properties of the H I region and the emission region. I adopt a Monte Carlo approach to investigate the formation of the various spectral line features through Rayleigh and Raman scattering in highly thick media of atomic hydrogen. In this thesis, I present my works on radiative transfer involving the scattering processes between far UV photon and atomic hydrogen. I introduce scattering processes with atomic hydrogen and the spectral, spatial, and polarized information originating from the scattering.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2004

The damping capacity and strength of Fe-2Al-26Mn alloys have been studied for the development of new materials with high strength and damping capacity. Particularly, the effect of ${\alpha}'\;and\;{\varepsilon}$ martensite phase, which constitutes the microstructure of cold rolled Fe-Al-Mn alloys, has been investigated in terms of the strength and damping capacity of the alloys. The damping capacity rises with increasing the degree of cold rolling and reveals the maximum value at 25% reduction. The damping capacity is strongly affected by the volume fraction of ${\varepsilon}$ martensite, while the other phases, such as ${\alpha}'$ martensite and austenite phase, actually exhibit little effect on damping capacity. Considering that tensile strength increases and elongation decreases with increasing the volume fraction of ${\alpha}'$ martensite, it is proved that tensile strength is mainly affected by the amount of ${\alpha}'$ martensite.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2014

극성을 띠고있어 응집되는 성향이 카본블랙에 비해 강한 실리카의 분산도는 고무 복합소재의 물성을 좌우하는 중요한 요소이다. Wolff는 입자간 상호계수(${\alpha}_F$)를 도입하여 충전제간의 구조발달을 최초로 표현하였다. 하지만, 양기능성 실란의 도입에 따라 형성되는 3차원 구조발달은 표현할 수 없었다. 후에 이를 보완하기 위하여 Wolff의 표현은 복합소재 내 ${\alpha}_F$를 포함하는 구조발달 상호계수 ${\alpha}_C$로 확장되어 표현되었지만, 실험적으로 이 표현을 증명한 연구는 없었다. 이 논문은 구조발달 상호계수인 ${\alpha}_C$를 ${\alpha}_F$(실리카-실리카간 구조발달 상호계수), ${\alpha}_{FP}$(실리카-실란-고무간 구조발달 상호계수), ${\alpha}_P$(고무-고무간 구조발달 상호계수)로 고려하여 단기능성 및 양기능성 실란으로 처리된 실리카가 함유된 복합소재를 실험에 의해 최초로 표현하였다. 구조가 다른 실란들(PTES, OTES, TESPD, TESPT)을 이용하여 구조발달 상호계수 ${\alpha}_C$를 구성하는 ${\alpha}_F$, ${\alpha}_{FP}$, ${\alpha}_P$의 수치들을 측정하고 계산하였다. TESPT가 첨가된 복합소재의 ${\alpha}_C$의 값은 1.64이며, 이를 구성하고 있는 ${\alpha}_F$, ${\alpha}_{FP}$, ${\alpha}_P$는 각각 0.99, 0.31, 0.34로 나타났다.