• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2006

Alpha track analysis for the determination of the trace amount of alpha emitting nuclides in a very small particle was performed as an efficient and powerful technique during safeguard inspection. Metal particles with well-defined spherical shape, size and isotopic compositions as a reference material were used to correlate the number of tracks or track diameter with an isotopic composition eventually to identify the uranium enrichment in the environmental swipe samples. Slopes in the number of tracks versus the exposure time curve provide a simple insight into the uranium enrichment of an unknown particle. Low enriched uranium metal particles result in slopes still steeper than the depleted or natural uranium metal particles. In addition, a linear relationship between track diameter and particle size Is thought to be a useful first stage analytical tool as an efficient and convenient inspection guide. The significance of the simple linear model was also judged using the usual statistical tests.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.352-359
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• 1990

The synergistic effect of glucoamylase and a -amylase on the hydrolysis of raw corn starch in an agitated bead reaction system was studied by investigating the changes of sugar profiles, the granular structure, particle size distribution, and X-ray diffraction pattern of residual raw corn starch. The enzymatic hydrolysis of raw corn starch was greatly enhanced by synergistic effect of glucoamylase and $\alpha$ -amylase. Even though the sugar profiles were mainly determined by the mixing ratio of glucoamylase and $\alpha$-amylase; raw starch was mainly converted to glucose directly without accumulation of any significant amount of oligosaccharides. The cavity formation and fragmentation phenomena of raw corn starch granule subjected to enzyme reaction were analyzed by means of SEM and the particle size distribution. The X-ray diffraction pattern of raw starch was not changed at the initial stage of reaction but slightly changed at the late stage of hydrolysis, which may be caused by the preferential degradation of amorphous region by enzymatic reaction, not by the destruction of microcrystalline structure of raw corn starch.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.390-397
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• 2010

0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalysts are prepared by deposition-precipitation method for the preferential CO oxidation In order to investigate the effect of pH on the Ru dispersion and particle size, the pH of precursor solution is adjusted to between 5.5 and 9.5. 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared at the pH of 6.5 has high Ru dispersion of 17.9% and small particle size of 7.7nm. In addition, 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared at the pH 6.5 is easily reduced at low temperatures below $150^{\circ}C$ due to high dispersion of $RuO_2$ particle and shows high CO conversion over 90% in the wide temperature range between $100^{\circ}C$ and $160^{\circ}C$. Moreover, the deposition-precipitation is a feasible method to improve the Ru dispersion as compared to the impregnation method. The 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared by deposition-precipitation exhibits higher CO conversion than 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalysts prepared by impregnation due to higher metal dispersion and better reducibility at low temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2007

This study was performed to estimate the gas-particle partitioning of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in atmosphere, the samples were collected by PUF high volume air sampler for two years from June, 2000 to June, 2002. The gas phase fraction of ${\alpha/\gamma}-HCH$, heptachlor epoxide, ${\alpha/\gamma}-chlordane$ and trans-nonachlor was over 90%. But the gas phase fraction of ${\beta}-HCH$, p,p'-DDE, endosulfan sulfate, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT was range of 20% through 80%, which means the gas phase fraction of OCPs components described above is sensitive to temperature. The correlation between the gas phase fraction and molecular weight of each OCPs component was not found in this research. The slope of regression line between gas-particle partitioning coefficient(${\log}K_p$) and subcooled liquid vapor(${\log}{P^o}_L$), gal-particle partitioning coefficient(${\log}K_p$) and octanol-air partitioning coefficient(${\log}K_{oa}$) which show -0.54 and 0.43 was not steep. So the equilibrium state between gas and particle was not reached and in this state the particulate fraction was low.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.881-885
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• 2017

This work presents a new technique for discriminating between alpha particles of different energy levels. In a first study, two groups of alpha particles emitted from radium-226 and americium-241 sources were successfully separated using a CR-39 microfilm of appropriate thickness. This thickness was adjusted by chemical etching before and after irradiation so that lower-energy particles were stopped within the detector, while higher-energy particles were revealed on the back side of the detector. The number of tracks on the front side of the microfilm represented all alpha particles incident on that side from the two sources. However, the number of tracks on the back side of the microfilm represented only the long-range alpha particles of higher energy that arrived at that side. Therefore, by subtracting the number of tracks on the back side from the number of tracks on the front side, one could easily determine the number of tracks for the short-range alpha particles of lower energy that remained embedded in the microfilm. Discrimination of the two energy levels is thus achieved in a simple, fast, and reliable process.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.226-230
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• 1996

A small amount of fine particle graphite was added to $\alpha$-SiC and $\beta$-SiC having certain particle distributions, and they were mixed clay and frit. After forming, they were sintered at 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. Tribological properties of sintered $\alpha$-SiC-$\beta$-SiC-graphite-clay (frit) system showed that kinetic friction coefficient was 0.108, specific wear rate was 1.3${\times}10^-8\;mm^2$.$kgf^1$, and torque was 0.01kgf.cm at the wrench torque of 100 kgf.cm.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.815-818
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• 1995

Ac susceptibility of iron-nitride magnetic fluids with various particle number densities was measured. Therelaxation time increases rapidly as the temperature decreases or the inter-particle interaction increases. The analysis of the data suggests that the activation energy is proportional to ${(k_{B}T/J_{typ})}^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha$~-0.24 in the lower temperature range in which the thermal energy is comparable to the magnetic dipole interaction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 2011

A sensitivity analysis of the methods used to evaluate the transport properties of a CdZnTe detector was performed using two different radiations (${\alpha}$ particle and gamma-ray) emitted from an $^{241}Am$ source. The mobility-lifetime products of the electron-hole pair in a planar CZT detector ($5{\times}5{\times}2\;mm^3$) were determined by fitting the peak position as a function of biased voltage data to the Hecht equation. To verify the accuracy of these products derived from ${\alpha}$ particles and low-energy gamma-rays, an energy spectrum considering the transport property of the CZT detector was simulated through a combination of the deposited energy and the charge collection efficiency at a specific position. It was found that the shaping time of the amplifier module significantly affects the determination of the (${\mu}{\tau}$) products; the ${\alpha}$ particle method was stabilized with an increase in the shaping time and was less sensitive to this change compared to when the gamma-ray method was used. In the case of the simulated energy spectrum with transport properties evaluated by the ${\alpha}$ particle method, the peak position and tail were slightly different from the measured result, whereas the energy spectrum derived from the low-energy gamma-ray was in good agreement with the experimental results. From these results, it was confirmed that low-energy gamma-rays are more useful when seeking to obtain the transport properties of carriers than ${\alpha}$ particles because the methods that use gamma-rays are less influenced by the surface condition of the CZT detector. Furthermore, the analysis system employed in this study, which was configured by a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and the Hecht model, is expected to be highly applicable to the study of the characteristics of CZT detectors.

• Composites Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

The particulates reinforced metal matrix composites(PMMC) have a number of interesting mechanical properties. including high strength and good resistance to wear at high temperature and low thermal expansion. The equipment structure to obtain the homogeneous distribution in composites are proposed for the continuous pouring of reinforcement at the desired temperature. The particulates reinforced metal matrix composites(A357/SiCp) were fabricated by the process of the combined stirring method with the various fabrication process. The combined stirring method to niform distribution of particle is consisted of two stirring force both electro-magnetic stirring generated from induction heating and mechanical stirring with graphite stirrer. PMMC billets were fabricated with the volume fractions ranged from 0% to 20% and particle sizes ranged from 14${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. It is important to cont the size of primary $\alpha$-Al solid particles because it could become the cause of the particle pushing or capture phenomena from the fact that secondary dendrite arm spacing size depends on the cooling rate during the solidification in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy. Therefore, the effect of primary $\alpha$-Al on the reinforcement distribution in matrix alloys has been investigated. The microstructure of PMMC fabracated with various volume fractions(0%, 10%, and 20%) and particle size were observed.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2004

TSEE and TSL phenomena have been measured for ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ single crystals by the use of the $2{\pi}$ proportional counter. The ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ crystals irradiated to X-ray and UV for the temperature range from room temperature to about 500k degree. Three peaks of TSEE and three peaks of TSL were observed after X-ray irradiation. Also, two peaks of TSEE and three TSL peaks were observed after UV irradiation. TSEE and TSL glow curves of ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ single crystals showed very similar to the peaks position regardless of excitation sorts. Form this work, we knew that the $2{\pi}$ proportional counter is useful to not only the energy spectrum analysis device of ${\alpha}$-particle, but also the measurement instrument of TSEE and TSL.