• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2010

[ $\alpha$ ]Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is a glycosidase that hydrolyzes disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides resulting in the release of α-D-glucose. In this study, $\alpha$-glucosidase activity in the hemolymph and midgut of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori and Japanese oak silkmoth Antheraea yamamai was measured using maltose, sucrose, trehalose, and p-nitrophenyl $\alpha$-D-glucopyranoside as substrates. In general, hemolymph $\alpha$-glucosidase activity was higher in B. mori than in A. yamamai. In contrast, midgut $\alpha$-glucosidase activity was higher in A. yamamai than in B. mori for all of the substrates tested. $\alpha$-Glucosidase activity in the midgut of both B. mori and A. yamamai showed similar responses to changes in pH and temperature for all of the substrates tested. Native (7.5%) PAGE of hemolymph and midgut proteins from B. mori and A. yamamai followed by staining with 4-methylumbelliferyl $\alpha$-D-glucoside (MUG) indicated that the $\alpha$-glucosidases of these related lepidopterans are functionally similar but structurally different. In comparison to $\alpha$-glucosidase activity from A. yamamai, $\alpha$-glucosidase activity from B. mori was generally less sensitive to the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), acarbose, and voglibose when the activity was determined using maltose, sucrose, and trehalose.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1984

Effects of IAA on the elongation and cell wall hlysocidase activities were investigated in excised rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Yongdang) hypocotyl segments. IAA promoted the elongation of rape hypocotyl segments. In rape hypocotyls, the first 10-mm segments from the hook exhibited maximal elongation and the capacity of elongation was gradually decreased with increasing distance of each 10-mm from the hook. A good correlation has been obtained between the magnitude of endogenous growth and the activities of $\alpha$, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\alpha$, $\beta$-galactosidase. However, exogenous application of IAA did not seem to enhance the tissue with IAA resulted in acidification of the incubation medium. From these data, we can conclude that IAA seems to enhance elongation of the tissue segments, at least in part, by releasing hydrogen ion into cell wall, some of which may participate in the cell wall extension process, but does not seem to trigger the activation of $\alpha$, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\alpha$, $\beta$-galactosidase.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

Glycosidase activities were tested from the grape berries, Vitis labruscana B. Takasumi. Among various glycosidases, $\alpha$-D-galactosidase was found to be the most active in the flesh and other glycosidases were considerably active in the order of the following: $\alpha$-D-mannosidase>$\alpha$-D-glucosidase>$\beta$-D-glucosidase>$\beta$-D-galactosidase. In the seeds, $\alpha$-D-glucosidase activity was the highest and other glycosidases such as $\alpha$-D-galactosidase, $\beta$-D-glucosidase, and $\beta$-D-galactosidase were still significantly active. The $\alpha$-D-galactosidase in the grape flesh was purified over 83-folds through salting-out with $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and a series of chromatographies employing Sephadex G-50, Octyl-Sepharose, Q-Sepha- rose, and Biogel P-100. The enzyme was a monomer of 45 kDs as determined through SDS-PAGE and Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a preference of $\alpha$-D-galactose to $\beta$-D-galactose as a substrate about 5.4 times. Sulfhydryl specific reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide significantly inhibited the enzyme activity to the extents of 48 and 52% of its initial activity, respectively. The optimumpH range of $\alpha$-D-galactosidase was around 6.5-7.0. The enzyme activity increased by 46% in the presence of 1mM $Fe^{2+}$.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2002

본 연구는 천연 자원인 뽕나무에서 혈당강하 효능을 가진 뽕잎(상엽)의 열수 추출법을 이용하여 상엽 추출물의 공정화 확립과 Formulation 개발을 위해 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 및 한약재를 첨가한 시제품을 동물실험을 통하여 Formulation을 최종 결정하여 제품화하여 기능성 음료를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 상엽 추출의 최적 조건은 상엽 크기는 3mm 이하로 하고, 2/3 정도 packing된 면포자루로 포장된 상엽을 사용하며, 상엽 사용량은 50~100 g/L, 추출 온도는 9$0^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간은 2 hr으로 하였으며 이때 수율은 20~25%였다. 또한 시료 배합에 따른 혈당강하 실험을 통하여 상엽 추출물과 silk peptide 의 농도는 각각 1%, 0.1%일 때 혈당강하 작용이 가장 우수하였으며 부재료로 사용된 둥글레는 상엽추출물의 10% 첨가한 경우가 혈당강하작용이 가장 컸으며, polydextrose도 효과가 있으므로 첨가하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.134-134
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• 1998

The modulation of glycosidase activity by inhibitors is of great interest. Such compounds have been shown to be important tools in mechanistic studies on glycohydrolase as well as having promising therapeutic application. An ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor was isolated from culture filterates of Penicillium sp. The inhibitor was active against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase isolated from yeast and porcine small intestine. However, it showed no inhibition to Aspergillus ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, Escherichia coli ${\beta}$-galactosidase, and jack bean ${\alpha}$-mannosidase. The inhibitor was highly soluble in ether, methanol and chloroform. The inhibitor was purified using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The inhibitory compound designated PA-7(IC$\sub$50/=35$\mu\textrm{g}$) was obtained as white powder. The structure of PA-7 was determined with spectroscopic data of EI-MS, FAB-MS, $^1$H, and $\^$13/C NMR. The inhibitor has a diketopiperazine moiety.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.346-350
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• 1997

The synthesis of cis- and trans-1,6-dihydroxypyrrolizidine starting from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and their evaluation as glycosidase inhibitors are reported. The cis-isomer was found to be a potent inhibitor against .alpha.-glucosidase and showed weak inhibitory effect against other glycosidases. The trans-isomer exhibited weak inhibitions of b-glucosidase and amylo-glucosidase and poor inhibition of other glycosidases.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2014

Anisakis simplex sensu stricto와 A. pegreffii의 3기 유충과 4기 유충에서 얻은 excretory-secretory (ES) products 및 somatic extracts의 가수분해효소 활성을 API ZYM kit를 이용하여 비교하였다. Esterase 그룹의 가수분해효소 중 acid phosphatase는 A. simplex (s.s.)와 A. pegreffii 모두에서 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, esterase (C 4)의 경우 somatic extracts에서만 가수분해효소 활성이 나타났는데 A. simplex (s.s.)가 A. pegreffii와 비교하여 3기와 4기 유충 모두에서 2배 가량 높은 활성을 나타냈다. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase 그리고 naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase의 경우 A. simplex (s.s.)와 A. pegreffii 모두 3기 유충보다 4기 유충에서 더 높은 가수분해효소 활성이 확인되었다. Aminopeptidase 그룹의 가수분해효소 활성은 leucine arylamidase에서 관찰되었는데, somatic extracts의 경우 A. pegreffii 보다 A. simplex (s.s.)에서 가수분해 효소 활성이 두 배 가량 높게 확인되었으며, 대부분의 다른 효소들에서는 활성이 거의 나타나지 않았다. Glycosidase 그룹의 가수분해효소 활성은 N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosaminidase, ${\alpha}$-mannosidase 그리고 ${\alpha}$-fucosidase에서 확인되었는데, A. simplex (s.s.) 보다 A. pegreffii에서 높은 가수분해효소 활성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 대부분 4기 유충보다 3기 유충에서 더 높은 가수분해효소 활성이 확인되었다. 이러한 아니사키스속 선충의 종과 유충단계에 따른 가수분해 효소의 활성 차이는 선충의 성장, 탈피, 소화, 섭이 등의 대사과정의 차이에 기인한 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2001

Glycosidase activities in the grape flesh (Marguerite) were assayed, and the order of activity was marked as follows: ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase>${\alpha}$-D-mannosidase>${\alpha}$-D-glucosidase>${\beta}$-D-galactosidase>${\beta}$-D-glucosidase. Of these glycosidases, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-D-galactosidases were prominently expressed by the treatment of gibberellic acid, resulting in 56 and 238% increase of activity, respectively. Most of ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase was found in the flesh texture, and the activity increase by gibberellic acid occurred mostly in this tissue. The increase in ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase activity was dependent on the concentration of gibberellic acid treated, showing a positive correlation. Gibberellic acid affected the content of total protein in the grape flesh, 49% increase by 75 ppm treatment. Above this concentration, higher gibberellic acid level did not influence the protein expression. Specific activity of the ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase still increased, showing 24% increase in activity. Grape flesh subjected by gibberellic acid (100 ppm) resulted in the increased activity against a natural substrate, stachyose, showing 55% increase in activity from the grapes treated with 100 ppm of gibberellic acid. Other natural substrates, such as melibiose and raffinose, were also considerably hydrolyzed, and the extent was similar to that of stachyose hydrolysis. During postharvest storage, ${\alpha}$-D-galactosidase activity in the grape flesh increased by 51% after 20 days and then declined slowly.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2006

Quercetin은 flavonoid 계통의 물질로서 자연계에서 채소나 과일에 매우 흔하다. 또한 인체에서는 radical scavenger로서 신체항상성 뿐만 아니라 직장암의 예방에도 중요한 역할을 한다. Glucosidase를 포함한 glycosidase는 많은 종류의 대사성 질환에 관련이 있다. 유용한 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해제를 스크리닝 하던 중 chemical library로부터 quercetin을 선별하였다. Quercetin은 $\alpha$-glucosidase에 가역적으로, 느리게 결합하며, 비경쟁적인 저해제인데, $6.3\times10^{-8}$ M의 Ki값을 가진다. 이러한 결과는 비록 기전 연구가 더 필요하지만, quercetin이 당뇨병과 같은 퇴행성 질환을 치료할 수 있다는 잠재성을 보여주는 것이다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.735-739
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• 2014

Newcastle disease virus(NDV) 감염된 baby hamster kidney(BHK) 세포에서 syncytium(합포체) 형성은 세포막 표면으로의 수송된 바이러스 당단백질 hemagglutinin-neuramidase(HN)에 의해 일어난다. HAU 값은 추출물의 농도가 25과 3.2 ug/mL 사이에서는 현저하게 감소하였으나, NDV 감염된 HAD(%)는 25 ug/mL 농도에서 광범위한 흡착능의 감소를 나타내 바이러스 당단백질의 세포내 생합성은 저해되지 않았다. 그러므로, 약용식물인 마황 메탄올 추출물이 바이러스 당단백질의 세포막으로의 수송과 함께 합포체 형성을 저해하여 항바이러스 작용을 하였다. 또한 마황 추출물의 저해활성을 조사한 결과 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase에 대한 추출물의 $IC_{50}$은 $18{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\alpha}$-mannosidase, ${\beta}$-mannosidase에 대한 마황 추출물의 $IC_{50}$은 각각 60, 40, $150{\mu}g/mL$로 나타나 ${\beta}$-type glycosidases 보다 ${\alpha}$-type glycosidase에 대한 효소활성 저해능이 우수하였다. 따라서 $IC_{50}$농도에서는 세포내에서 당단백질 생합성은 저해되지 않으며 당단백질의 수송을 저해하는 것으로 판단되었으며 향후 항바이러스 관련 작용기작의 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.