• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1439-1445
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the inhibition of phyto-extract mixture (PEM) in several digestive enzymes ($\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase and lipase) for anti-obesity. The current study also examined the effects of PEM on adiposity and serum lipid levels in obese mice fed with high fat diet. ICR male mice weighing $33{\pm}1.1\;g$ were randomly divided into three groups, one normal diet group (control, ND group) and two high fat diet groups with or without PEM supplement (HFD group and PEM group). The mice were fed the PEM experimental for 6 weeks and then they were sacrificed. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain, food efficiency ratio and body fat were decreased by the addition of PEM compared to those of HFD group. White adipose tissue weights of epididymal, mesenteric and retroperitoneal areas in the PEM group were reduced to 31.2%, 8.8%, and 37.8%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol in the PEM group were significantly lower than those of HFD group. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of PEM group were significantly lower compared with those of HFD group. From the above results, the PEM may be effective material for anti-obesity through reducing serum triglyceride and body fats as well as decreasing body weight.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to investigate the change of isoflavone composition (glycoside and bio-active aglycone), and to evaluate the quality characteristics of Cheonggukjang, which was prepared by different bacillus strains. After the 48-hour fermentation, the contents of daidzein, genistein, and glycitein in the Bacillus subtilis HJ18-3 have significantly increased up to approximately $89.06{\pm}3.59$, $10.36{\pm}0.28$, and $101.37{\pm}3.67ug/g$, respectively. The contents of daidzein, genistein, and glycitein in the Bacillus subtilis KACC 15935 were $38.88{\pm}5.39$, $12.58{\pm}2.14$, and $80.13{\pm}0.71ug/g$, respectively. The original content of daidzein was 3.96 ug/g, while genistein and glycitein were not measured. However, the contents of daidzen and genistein in HJ18-3 and in KACC 15935 were decreased. The ${\alpha}$-Amylase and cellulase activities of Chungkookjang in HJ18-3 were higher than in the KACC 15935. The contents of Chungkookjang in HJ18-3 were $29.70{\pm}11.66$ and $4861.3{\pm}388.07unit/g$, respectively. The amino type nitrogen contents and ammonia type nitrogen contents of Chungkookjang in KACC 15935 were higher than in the HJ18-3. These results suggested that it could be used to increase the bioactivity via fermentation with the Bacillus subtilis possessing a ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity with a view towards the development of functional foods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.831-837
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and physiological properties of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves extracted with three different solvents (water, ethanol, and methanol). The extraction yield from water, methanol, and ethanol were 13.17, 9.54, and 7.48%, respectively. The highest total polyphenol content (58.04 mg/100 g) and total flavonoid contents (12.36 mg/100 g) were observed in water extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in the water extract (79.18%) at the 500 mg% level, similar to BHT (77.18%). Additionally the same tendency was observed with DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging ability, and ferreous ion chelating ability. The water extract showed relatively high antioxidant activities. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of water extract at a concentration of 500 mg% were somewhat higher than those of the other extracts. Additionally, the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the water extract was significantly slightly lower than that of the positive control (cholorogenic acid). These results suggest that Moringa leaves extracted with water will be useful as antioxidant-rich and functional natural foods.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.09a
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• pp.121-126
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• 1997

우리나라는 그동안 가스산업에서 고속성장을 이룩해 왔으나, 근래에는 중대가스산업사고가 빈번하게 일어나고 있다. 그런 이유로 1996년도에는 중대산업사고 예방제도가 전면적으로 실시되고 공정안전보고서를 자성하여 제출하도록 함으로서 위험성 평가의 중요성이 점차 높아가고 있으며, 위험성 평가 기법들에 대하여 여러 연구 단체에서 연구${\cdot}$ 시도되고 있다. 또한 이러한 연구${\cdot}$보고된 위험성 평가 기법들을 프로그램화하고 적용하려는 시도가 많이 있어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 연구${\cdot}$개발된 위험성 평가 기법들에 최근 컴퓨터 산업의 발달에 힘입어 각광을 받고 있는 지리정보시스템을 적용하고자 한다. 이러한 가스산업시설의 위험성 평가 시스템은 위험성을 평가하기 위해서 필요한 여러 가지 정보들을 지리정보시스템이 속성 데이터로서 저장하고 있으며, 가스산업시설에 관련된 주변의 도민들을 공간 데이터로서 저장하고 있다. 그리고 위험성 평가 시스템의 세부적인 기능을 모듈화하였다. 우선 위에 언급한 속성 데이터와 공간 데이터를 관리하는 모듈과 이러한 데이터를 가지고 사고영향 범위를 산출해내기 위한 모듈, 그리고 산출된 사고 영향 범위를 도면에 나타내는 모듈로 나뉘어져 있다. 이렇게 지리정보시스템에 구축되어 있는 도면에 위험성을 평가한 결과치를 나타냄으로서 위험성 평가 숙련자가 아니더라도 위험성 평가를 할 수 있고 결과를 분석하도록 도와 줄 수 있도록 할 수 있다. 또한 향후 재난관리시스템에서는 도면상의 도로에 교통량 가중치와 인근 소방서와 경찰서등의 위치를 관리하도록 지리정보시스템을 적용할 수 있으며, 가스시설물 관리시스템에서는 최근 대형가스사고의 대부분이 타공사에 의한 것임을 고려하여 가스배관망을 포함하여 기타 다른 지하배관망을 관리하도록 지리정보시스템을 적용할 수 있다.기질로서 이용하지 못하므로 invertase 및 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ 활성이 없는 것으로 나타났다.)의 모양은 배양에 의해 형성된 균핵(菌核)의 모양과 다소 차이가 있었다. R. cerealis의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 적온(適溫)은 $23^{\circ}C$였으며, 다른 균핵진균(菌核眞菌)들의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 적온(適溫)은 $27-33^{\circ}C$였다. 일부 균핵진균(菌核眞菌)들의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 최고온도(最高溫度)는 $41^{\circ}C$ 로서 높은 반면, R. cerealis 의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 최고온도(最高溫度)는 $31^{\circ}C$로서 낮았다. R. cerealis 의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 최저온도(最低溫度)는 $2^{\circ}C$ 였으며, 다른 균핵진균(菌核眞菌)들의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 최저온도(最低溫度)는 $6-10^{\circ}C$였다. 시술(施術)하였다. 10. 한양방향시치료시(韓洋方同時治療時) 양호이상(良好以上)의 효과(效果)를 보인 경우(境遇)가 30건중(件中) 21건(件)으로 70%의 치료효과(治療效果)를 보여 한방단일진료시(韓方單一診療時)보다 다소 높은 치료효과(治療效果)를 나타냈다. 11. 1일평균(日平均) 한방진료건수(韓方診療件數)는 26.95명(名)이었고, 1일평균(日平均) 한방초진환자수(韓方初診患者數)는 3.9명(名)으로 나타났으며, 한방진료(韓方診療)가 양한방(洋韓方) 총진료(總診療)의 23.20%를 차지했고, 1일(日) 평균(平均) 한양방(韓洋方) 총진료건수(總診療件數)에 대(對)해 1일(日) 평균(平均) 한방초진건수(韓方初診件數)가 21.51%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.험이 완료된 31명에서는 부작용이 없거나 경도의 부작용이 있었으나 임상적

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1993

Inulin fructotransferase from Enterobacter sp. S45 was purified with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 42,800 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were pH 5.5 and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. $Mg^{2+}$ activated the enzyme activity, but $Fe^{3+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$ significantly inhibited. After exhaustive digestion of inulin by the enzyme, DFA III, sucrose, 1-kestose and nystose were produced. Sucrose, 1-kestose, raffinose and melezitose can't be used as substrates by the enzyme, but nystose and 1-F-fructofuranosyl nystose were hydrolysed. The Km and Vmax for inulin of the enzyme were 1.4 mM and $0.196\;{\mu}mole/min$, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 2011

At present, lifestyle-related diseases are one of the most critical health issues worldwide. It has been reported that lipopolysaccharide derived from a Gram-negative bacteria (IP-PA1) symbiotic with wheat exhibited several advantageous biological effects, such as the reduction of plasma glucose levels in NOD mice and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in WHHL rabbits. In this study, the beneficial effects on plasma glucose and lipids of a tea (SI tea) consisting of IP-PA1 and Salacia (which contains an inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase) were investigated in the KK-Ay/TaJcl type 2 diabetic model mice and in human subjects with premetabolic syndrome in a double-blind, randomized study. S1 tea significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in KK-Ay/TaJcl mice. A clinical trial of SI tea was performed with 41 subjects between the ages of 40 and 69, who belonged either to a high plasma glucose group (HG: FPG 100-125 mg/dl) or to a hyperlipidemia group (HL: TG ${\geq}$ 150 mg/dl, or LDL ${\geq}$ 120 mg/dl, or HDL <40 mg/dl). These subjects ingested either Salacia without IP-PA1 (the control) or SI tea. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, and 60 days after initiating SI tea treatment, and were measured for FPG, HbA1c, TG, LDL, and HDL. These results showed that SI tea reduced FPG and HbA1c more rapidly than the control in the HL group, and also significantly improved LDL and HDL levels in the HG group. Thus, SI tea may be helpful in preventing lifestyle-related diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.371-375
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• 2007

To control blood glucose level as close to normal is a major goal of treatment of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are the major risk factors for cardiovascular complications, the major cause of immature death among the patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to determine the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Salicornia herbacea in animal model of type 2 diabetes and to investigate the possible mechanisms for the beneficial effects of S. herbacea. S. herbacea was extracted with 70% ethanol and desalted with 100% ethanol. Three week-old db/db mice (C57BL/KsJ, n=16) were fed AIN-93G semipurified diet or diet containing 1% desalted ethanol extract of S. herbacea for 6 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were measured by enzymatic methods and blood glycated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1C}$) by the chromatographic method. Body weight and food intake of S. herbacea group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Fasting plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels tended to be lowered by S. herbacea treatment. Consumption of S. herbacea extract significantly decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels (p<0.05). The inhibition of S. herbacea extract against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 31.9% of that of acarbose at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of S. herbacea against porcine pancreatic lipase was 59.0% of that of orlistat at the concentration of 0.25 mg/mL in vitro. Thus, these results suggest that S. herbacea could be effective in controlling hyperlipidemia by inhibition of pancreatic lipase in animal model of type 2 diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate nutritional and physiologically active characterizations of sikhae and the seasoned products from the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi. The total taste values of sikhae fermented for 4 and 5 days were 10.9 and 15.4, respectively, which was lower than for commercially seasoned sea squirts. The sikhaes contained mostly glutamic and aspartic acids. The total amino acid contents of sikhaes fermented for 4 and 5 days were 5.5 and 6.0 g/100 g, respectively, which were lower than those of commercial seasoned-sea squirts or similar. An amount of 100 g of sikhae and its seasoned products contained P, K, Mg and Fe, and these minerals, which are deemed good for our health, were at 10% above the recommended daily requirements. The functional properties of sikhae fermented for 4 and 5 days were as follows: for ACE inhibiting activity, 69 and 69.5%, respectively; for antioxidative activity, 28.9 and 29.3%, respectively; for xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, 52.8 and 53.1%, respectively; and for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 2.4 and 1.4%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the 5 day fermented sikhae against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphyloccus aureus was detected in 8 mm and in 7 mm against Escherichia coli.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.535-544
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of isoflavone composition (glycoside and bio-active aglycone) in Cheonggukjang and to evaluate its quality characteristics depending on different soybean cultivars (Daewon, Daepoong, Wooram, Hwangkeumol and Saedanback). The bioactivity of Cheonggukjang was enhanced during fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. Activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase, protease, and cellulase increased significantly after 48 h fermentation (p<0.05). In addition, amino-type nitrogen and reducing sugar contents in Cheonggukjang fermented with B. subtilis increased significantly after 48 h fermentation (p<0.05). Among the isoflavones, the content of $\beta$-glucosides and acetyl-glucosides decreased, while aglycone content increased during fermentation. Especially, Cheonggukjang fermented with Daepoong cultivars showed the greatest increase in daidzein, genistein and glycitein contents. After 48 h fermentation, the contents of daidzein, genistein and glycitein in the Cheonggukjang fermented with Daepoong cultivars increased significantly up to $503.65{\pm}2.76$, $111.40{\pm}0.42$, and $633.95{\pm}6.01{\mu}g/g$ (p<0.05), respectively. Total aerobic and anaerobic cell counts increased with increase in fermentation time. Therefore, it would be beneficial for the food industry if components of Cheonggukjang could be separated and used to develop functional products.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2005

Streptomyces produces many kinds of secondary-metabolites including antibiotics. Screening of a new compound and elucidation of a biosynthetic pathway for the secondary metabolites are very important fields of biology, however, there is a main problem that most of the identified compounds are already researched compounds. To solve these problems, a microarray system that is based on the data related to the biosynthetic genes for secondary-metabolites was designed. For the main contents of DNA microarray, the important genes for the bio-synthesis of aminoglycosides, polyenes group, enediyne group, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, glycopeptide group, and orthosomycin group were chosen. A DNA microarray with 69 genes that were involved in the bio-synthesis for the antibiotics mentioned above was prepared. The usability of the DNA microarray was confirmed with the chromosomal DNA and total RNA extracted from S. coelicolor whose genomic sequence had already been reported.