• 제목/요약/키워드: ${\Gamma}$-ring

검색결과 131건 처리시간 0.027초

Astrophysical Jet Engine and the Rotating Disk-Jet System of NGC 1333 IRAS 4A2

  • 최민호;강민주
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.84.2-84.2
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    • 2011
  • Astrophysical jets play important roles in many interesting astronomical phenomena, such as star formation, gamma-ray bursts, and active galactic nuclei. The jets are thought to be driven by rotating disks through magneto-centrifugal processes. However, quantitative understanding of the jet-driving mechanism has been difficult because examples showing rotation in both disk and jet are rare. One of the important quantities in the models of jet engine is the size of the jet-launching region. The bipolar jet of the NGC 1333 IRAS 4A2 protostar shows a lateral velocity gradient, which suggests that the SiO jet is rotating around its axis. The jet rotation is consistent with the rotation of the accretion disk. The disk-jet rotation kinematics suggests that the jet-launching region on the disk, or the outflow foot-ring, has a radius of about 2 AU, which supports the disk-wind models.

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The Zero-divisor Graph of ℤn[X]]

  • Park, Min Ji;Kim, Eun Sup;Lim, Jung Wook
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제60권4호
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    • pp.723-729
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    • 2020
  • Let ℤn be the ring of integers modulo n and let ℤn[X]] be either ℤn[X] or ℤn[[X]]. Let 𝚪(Zn[X]]) be the zero-divisor graph of ℤn[X]]. In this paper, we study some properties of 𝚪(ℤn[X]]). More precisely, we completely characterize the diameter and the girth of 𝚪(ℤn[X]]). We also calculate the chromatic number of 𝚪(ℤn[X]]).

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Manganese(II), Iron(III) and Cobalt(III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligand. Potential of Cobalt(III) Complex in Biological Activity

  • El-Tabl, Abdou S.;Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.;El-Seidy, Ahmed M.A.
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제55권6호
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    • pp.919-925
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    • 2011
  • A new series of manganese(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of 14-membered macrocyclic ligand, (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1,8-diamine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, $^1H$- and $^{13}C$- NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, and ESR measurements. Molar conductance measurements in DMF solution indicate that the complexes are electrolytes. The ESR spectrum for cobalt(III) complex in $CD_3OD+10%D_2O$ after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K using a 0.2217 M rad $h^{-1}$ vicrad source showed $g_{\perp}$ > $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_z2$ orbital with covalent bond character. In this case, the ligand hyperfine tensors are nearly collinear with ${\gamma}$-tensors, so there is no major tendency to bend. Therefore, little extra delocalization via the ring lobe of the $dz^2$ orbital occurs. However, the ESR spectrum in solid state after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K showed $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_{\perp}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_x2_{-y}2$ ground state as the resulting spectrum contains a large number of randomly oriented molecules provided that, the principle directions of g and A tensors. Manganese (II) complex 2, $[H_{12}LMn]Cl_4.2H_2O$, showed six isotropic lines characteristic to an unpaired electron interacting with a nucleus of spin 5/2, however, iron(III) complex 3, $[H_{12}LFe]Cl_5.H_2O$, showed spectrum of a high spin $^{57}Fe$ (I=1/2), $d^5$ configuration. The geometry of these complexes was supported by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and ESR spectral studies. Complex 1 showed exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.

1,3-디옥산을 함유한 분해성 계면활성제의 합성의 및 계면 특성 (Synthesis of Surface Active Properties of Destructible Surfactants with 1,3-Dioxane)

  • 김치회;노윤찬;김유옥;남기대
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 1996
  • In acid-catalyzed acetal cyclization of long aliphatic aldehydes($R=n-C_7H_{15}$ ; $n-C_9H_{19}$ ; $n-C_{11}H_{23}$) with 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2-alkyl-5-hydroxymethyl-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxanes were obtained. The final products, sodium 2-alkyl-5-(sulfonatedpropylethermethyl)-5-ethyl-1,3-propanesultion in the presence of sodium hydride. These compounds were a new group of destructible surfactants which were readily hydrolyzed and oxidized in natural water reservoirs. Physical properties of these new compounds involved some surface properties such as Krafft point(Kp), critical micelle concentration(cmc), surface tension of aqueous solutions near cmc(${\gamma}_{min}$), foaming power, emulsion power and hydrolysis properties were determined. The destructible surfactants containing 1,3-dioxane ring were synthesized to about $85{\pm}5.5%$ yield. The cmc values of the compounds by ring method were assumed to $0.5{\sim}5.0{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$ range and surface tensions at cmc were $29.5{\sim}33.0dyne/cm$ respectively at $25^{\circ}C$. The foaming power and foam stability were $170{\sim}230mm$ and $52{\sim}135mm$ respectively at $1{\times}10^{-2}mol/L$, foam was occurred rarely below $1{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$. The emulsion property of liquid paraffin was better than that of soybean oil. For hydrolysis property with ph and time, these compounds were decomposed within about 200minutes at $ph1{\sim}2$. Hopefully these compounds are expected to be a good O/W emulsifier that have decomposability in acid and may be used in the process which do not need foaming.

Structure-Antagonistic Activity Relationships of an NK-2 Tachykinin Receptor Antagonist, L-659,877 and Its Analogues

  • Ha, Jong-Myung;Shin, Song-Yub;Hong, Hea-Nam;Suh, Duk-Joon;Jang, Tae-Sik;Kang, Shin-Won;Kuean, Sun-Jin;Ha, Bae-Jin
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.429-435
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    • 1996
  • To investigate the structure-antagonistic relationship of the cyclohexapeptide L-659,877, a selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor antagonist, seven analogues were chemically synthesized by a solid phase method. The agonistic and antagonistic activities of the analogues were evaluated by contraction assay using the smooth muscle of guinea pig trachea (GPT) containing the NK-2 receptor. It was shown that the aromatic ring of Phe at position 3 and the sulfur group of Met at position 6 in L-659,877 were essential for binding to the NK-2 receptor. Decrease in antagonistic activity of L-659,877 caused by substituting Leu for Nle at position 5 indicates that the ${\gamma}$ methyl group and side chain length of Leu plays an important role in its antagonistic action. Although the activity was slightly lower than L-659,877, cyclo $[{\beta}Ala^{8}]NKA(4-10)$ (analogue 1) showed potential antagonistic activity for the NK-2 receptor. It was confirmed that the expansion of the ring in L-659,877 by substitution of ${\beta}Ala$ for Gly at position 4 stabilized its conformation monitored by CD spectra. The results suggest that analogue 1 can be used as a new leader compound to design a more powerful, selective, and stable NK-2 receptor antagonist.

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저가형 마이크로프로세서를 위한 연산처리 확장 모션제어 알고리즘 (Motion Control Algorithm Expanding Arithmetic Operation for Low-Cost Microprocessor)

  • 문상찬;김재준;남규민;김병수;이순걸
    • 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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    • 제18권12호
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    • pp.1079-1085
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    • 2012
  • For precise motion control, S-curve velocity profile is generally used but it has disadvantage of relatively long calculation time for floating-point arithmetics. In this paper, we present a new generating method for velocity profile to reduce delay time of profile generation so that it overcomes such disadvantage and enhances the efficiency of precise motion control. In this approach, the velocity profile is designed based on the gamma correction expression that is generally used in image processing to obtain a smoother movement without any critical jerk. The proposed velocity profile is designed to support both T-curve and S-curve velocity profile. It can generate precise profile by adding an offset to the velocity profile with decimals under floating point that are not counted during gamma correction arithmetic operation. As a result, the operation time is saved and the efficiency is improved. The proposed method is compared with the existing method that generates velocity profile using ring buffer on a 8-bit low-cost MCU. The result shows that the proposed method has no delay in generating driving profile with good accuracy of each cycle velocity. The significance of the proposed method lies in reduction of the operation time without degrading the motion accuracy. Generated driving signal also shows to verify effectiveness of the proposed method.

Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin $E_2$ Synthesis Inhibitory Activities of Diarylheptanoids from the Barks of Alnus japonica Steudel

  • Kim Hyun-Jung;Yeom Seung-Hwan;Kim Min-Kee;Shim Jae-Geul;Paek In-Na;Lee Min-Won
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.177-179
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    • 2005
  • Nine known diarylheptanoids (1-9) isolated from the barks of Alnus japonica were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) and prostagrandin $E_2$ (COX-2) production in interferon-${\gamma}$ (INF-${\gamma}$) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. The NO and COX-2 levels were moderately reduced by the addition of compounds (1-9). Among these compounds, compounds 6 and 8 inhibited NO production in a dose dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of 16.7 and $27.2\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively (positive control, L-NMMA; $22.8\;{\mu}g/mL$), and compounds 6, 7, 8, and 9 reduced the COX-2 level in a dose dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of 20.7, 25.7, 25.0, and $27.3\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively (positive control, indomethacin; $26.2\;{\mu}g/mL$). An analysis of the structural activity relationship among these diarylheptanoids suggests that the presence of a keto-enol group in the heptane moiety or a caffeoyl group in the aromatic ring were important for the efficacy on the inhibitory activities of NO and COX-2 production.

분광 광도법에 의한 β-CD와 [Cu(Dien)(sub-Py)]2+이온간의 복합체 형성 상수 결정 (Determination of inclusion complex formation constants for the β-CD and [Cu(Dien)(sub-Py)]2+ ion by the spectrophotometric methods)

  • 김창석;오주영
    • 분석과학
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.406-412
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    • 2007
  • 분광 광도법을 이용하여 ${\beta}$-CD와 $[Cu(dien)(sub-py)]^{2+}$ 이온 간의 복합체 형성에 관한 연구를 하였다. ${\beta}$-CD와 $Cu^{2+}$ 착물이 복합체를 형성 할 때 ${\gamma}_{max}$은 리간드에 전자 주는기($CH_3$)가 치환 된 경우는 $^2T_2{\rightarrow}^2E$로 한 곳에서, 전자 끄는기(Cl)가 치환된 경우는 $^2T_2{\rightarrow}^2E$와 MLCT에 의하여 두 곳에서 나타났다. 형성상수는 온도가 올라가면 결합에너지의 감소로 작아졌다. 모든 반응은 엔트로피의 감소를 보였으나 큰 발열반응으로 자발적 반응이었다. 치환기 상수(${\sigma}_x$)에 따른 Hammett plot 결과 좋은 직선성(${\gamma}=0.996$)을 보여 형성상수를 정량적으로 설명할 수 있었다.

프로폴리스에서 분리한 플라보노이드 화합물의 항산화 활성 및 방사선 방어효과 (Antioxidant Activity and Radioprotection of Two Flavonoids from Propolis)

  • 정일윤
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.162-166
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    • 2005
  • 프로폴리스에서 분리한 MDQ 및 quercetin의 작용기에 따른 항산화 효과를 비교 분석하고 방사선 조사에 의한 DNA의 산화적 손상에 있어서 두 화합물이 어느 정도의 방어효과가 있는지를 측정 하고자 하였다. 두 화합물의 항산화 활성 시험(DPPH 라디칼 소거활성, 지질과산화 억제활성, superoxide anion 라디칼 소거활성)에서 quercetin이 MDQ보다 훨씬 강한 항산화 활성을 보였으며, 특히 superoxide anion라디칼 소거활성 시험에서 MBQ는 거의 활성을 보이지 않았지만 quercetin은 농도 의존적인 강한 소거활성을 보였다. 또한, mouse 림프구에서 방사선 조사에 의한DNA의 산화적 손상에 대한 두 화합물의 방어효과 시험에서 MDQ와 Quercetin은 동일 농도에서 거의 유사한 방사선 방어효과가 관찰되었다. 상기의 결과로부터 두 화합물의 작용기를 고려해 볼 때 B ring에 있는 catechol작용기의 존재 유무에 따라서 항산화 활성의 차이가 있으며 또한 MDQ화합물의 C ring에 존재하는 methoxy group은 quercetin에 존재하는 hydroxy group과 비교해 볼 때 항산화를 비활성화시키는 작용기의 하나로서 판단되어진다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 방사선 방어 효과는 항산화 활성에 미치는 메카니즘과 유사하게 작용하는 것으로 판단되어지며 아울러 일차적으로 항산화 활성 물질을 검색함으로써 산화적 스트레스에 의한 DNA에 대한 방어물질 검색 수단으로서 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과로부터 프로폴리스는 산화적 스트레스에 대한 경감제로서 그 가능성이 시사되었다.

Crystal Structure Theory and Applications of 14-Ethoxy-4,6,-dimethyl-8.12- dioxa-4.6-diazatetracyclo [8.8.0.02,7.013,18]octadeca-13,15,17-triene-3,5-dione

  • Ganapathy, Jagadeesan;Sivakumar, G.;Manickam, Bakthadoss;Sanmargam, Aravindhan
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.19-29
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    • 2015
  • In view of the growing medicinal importance of chromene and its derivatives, the single crystal X-ray diffraction study was carried out for the potential active 4,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-8,12-dioxa-4,6-diazatetracyclo [8.8.0.02,7.013,18]octadeca-2(7),13,15,17-tetraene-3,5,11-trione-2-ethoxyphenyl (2E)-but-2-enoate ($C_{18}H_{20}N_2O_5$). In the title compound are two molecules exist in the asymmetric unit. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1/c$ with unit cell dimension a=14.608(3) ${\AA}$, b=12.845(3) and c= 17.781(4) [alpha & gamma=$90^{\circ}$ beta=$91.233(5)^{\circ}$]. Both pyran and pyran ring of the chromene moiety adopts sofa conformation in the molecule A & B. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H...O hydrogen bond interaction.