• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1064-1069
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• 2007

This paper proposes the highly miniaturized active $90^{\circ} power combiner for application to MMIC. Conventional passive $90^{\circ} power combiners can't be integrated on MMIC because of their very larger size. Therefore, the highly miniaturized $90^{\circ} power combiners are required for a development of highly integrated MMIC. For this paper, the highly miniaturized active $90^{\circ} power combiner employing InGaP/GaAs HBT was fabricated on GaAs substrate for application to highly integrated MMIC. A size of fabricated active $90^{\circ} power combiner was $2.42{\times}1.05$ mm, which was 2.2 % of conventional passive $90^{\circ} power combiner. The fabricated active $90^{\circ} power combiner showed a gain characteristic about 10 dB and a good phase-difference coupling characteristic of $-92.6^{\circ} than conventional passive $90^{\circ} power combiner at 2.4 GHz. The highly miniaturized active $90^{\circ} power combiner exhibited good RF performances comparable to conventional passive $90^{\circ} power combiners. This work is the first report of an active $90^{\circ} power combiner.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.826-834
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• 2016

The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of the combination treatment of an Hsp90 inhibitor and a SIRT1 inhibitor on suppressing the growth of chemo-resistant human cancer cells. We showed that inhibition of SIRT1 effectively potentiated the cytotoxicity of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and reversed Hsp90 inhibitor resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) human ovarian HeyA8-MDR cells. Amurensin G, a potent natural SIRT1 inhibitor, enhanced Hsp90 inhibitor-mediated abrogation of the Hsp90 chaperone function and accelerated degradation of mutated p53 (mut p53), an Hsp90 client protein, by up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase CHIP. Knock-down of CHIP significantly attenuated amurensin G-induced mut p53 degradation. Down-regulation of mut p53 reduced the expression of heat shock factor1 (HSF1)/heat shock proteins (Hsps), a major cause of Hsp90 inhibitor resistance, which led to sensitization of the MDR cells to the Hsp90 inhibitor by the SIRT1 inhibitor. Amurensin G potentiated cytotoxicity of the Hsp90 inhibitor in HeyA8-MDR cells through suppression of 17-AAG-induced Hsp70 and Hsp27 induction via down-regulation of mut p53/HSF1, and it caused activation of PARP and inhibition of Bcl-2. Our data suggests that SIRT1 inhibitors could be used to sensitize MDR cells to Hsp90 inhibitors, possibly through suppression of the mut p53/HSF1-dependent pathway, and a novel mut p53-directed action of SIRT1 inhibition could effectively prevent mut p53 accumulation in MDR cells.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 1969

The concentration of Strontium-90 in liquid whole milk produced in Korea were measured during past four years. The samples of milk were purchased from dairies in Seoul. Strontium-90 was analysed radiochemically and the amount of stable calcium was also determined. Radioactivity of Yttrium-90 was counted in low background beta counter which has the background of 1.38 cpm. The concentrations of Strontium-90 in the milk are 25.1 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g.Ca in 1965, 26.8 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g. Ca in 1966, 13.7 PCi 90Sr/g.Ca in 1967 and 18.2 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g.Ca in 1968 in annual average. The concentrations of Strontium-90 in the milk of 1967 and of 1968 were decreased approximately compared with the values of 60% 1965 and 1966. From the results we can see that Strontium-90 concentrations in the milk vary roughly proportionally with the specific activity of fallout. Considering on the safety problems, the Strontium-90 levels in the milk produced in Korea were far below the maximum permissible level recommended by ICRP.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.206-211
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• 2010

Background: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccine is an attractive modality for the treatment of colon cancer because it has been recurred and produced few side effects in patients. Secretory glycoprotein 90K has been found at elevated level in various cancer tissues and sera. We investigated to establish a more effective DC vaccine for the treatment of colon cancer in which the levels of 90K are elevated. Methods: We obtained the concentrated 90K from 293T cells stably expressing 90K. DCs were cultured from peripheral blood monocytes, and a DC vaccine pulsed with tumor lysate was compared with a DC vaccine pulsed with 90K. We measured the functional activity for CTLs by using IFN-${\gamma}$-enzyme linked immunoabsorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results: DCs pulsed with tumor lysate+90K exhibited the enhanced T cell stimulation, polarization of $\ddot{i}$ T cell toward Th1. The CTLs generated by DCs pulsed with 90K efficiently lysed HCT116 cells. The results indicate that 90K-speicifc-CTLs can recognize 90K proteins naturally presented by colon cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 90K-specific CTLs generated by 90K-pulsed DCs could be useful effector cells for immunotherapy in colon cancer.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

The classifying distribution by the action style was opticion 100, photoartist 100, college student 100 for the simple myopic 35%, for the simple myopic astigmatism 2%, for the compound myopic astigmatism 30.6% for the mixed astigmatism 62.6% for the compound hyperopic astigmatism 37.4% for the ratio of emmetropia 22.4% respectively. The retractive erroreye were -0.50~-2.00Dptr for the simple myopia 14%, -2.00~-6.00Dptr 16%, -6.00Dptr 5%, C-0.25(90.180)~C-2.00DptrAxis(90, 180) 2% for the simple myopicastigmatismS-0.25C-0.25DptrAxis(90, 180)~S-1.00C-1.00DptrAxis (90, 180) 22.6%, S-1.00C-1.00 DptrAxis (90, 180)~S-2.00C-2.00DptrAxis(90, 180) 8% for the compound myopic astigmatism. S+0.25C -0.25DptrAxis(90, 180)~S+2.00C-2.00DptrAxis(90,180) 6.2% for the mixed astigmatism. S+0.25C+0.25DptrAxis(90,180)~S+1.00C+1.00DptrAxis(90,180) 3.4%, S+1.00C+1.00DptrAxis(90,180)~S+2.00C+2.00DptrAxis(90,180) 0.34% for the compound hyperopic astigmatism.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.453-468
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• 2016

There is a conserved ATPase domain in topoisomerase II (topo II) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) which belong to the GHKL (gyrase, Hsp90, histidine kinase, and MutL) family. The inhibitors that target each of topo II and Hsp90 are intensively studied as anti-cancer drugs since they play very important roles in cell proliferation and survival. Therefore the development of dual targeting anti-cancer drugs for topo II and Hsp90 is suggested to be a promising area. The topo II and Hsp90 inhibitors, known to bind to their ATP binding site, were searched. All the inhibitors investigated were docked to both topo II and Hsp90. Four candidate compounds as possible dual inhibitors were selected by analyzing the molecular docking study. The pharmacophore model of dual inhibitors for topo II and Hsp90 were generated and the design of novel dual inhibitor was proposed.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.141-146
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• 2004

SPIN90 was identified to farm molecular complex with $\betaPIX$, WASP and Nck. This complex shows that SPIN90 interacts with Nck in a manner dependent upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, but $SPIN90{\cdot}{\beta}PIX{\cdot}WASP$ complex was stable even in suspended cells. This suggests that SPIN90 serves as an adaptor molecule to recruit other proteins to Nck at focal adhesions. SPIN90 was phosphorylated by ERK1, which was, itself, activated by cell adhesion and platelet-derived growth factor. Such phosphorylation of SPIN90 likely promotes the interaction of the $SPIN90{\cdot}{\beta}PIX{\cdot}WASP$ complex and Nck. It thus appears that the interaction of the $SPIN90{\cdot}{\beta}PIX{\cdot}WASP$ complex with Nck is crucial for stable cell adhesion and can be dynamically modulated by SPIN90 phosphorylation that is dependent on cell adhesion and ERX activation. SPIN90 directly binds syndapin I, syndapin isoform II-1 and II-s via its PRD region in vitro, in vivo and also associates with endocytosis core components such as clathrin and dynamin. In neuron and fibroblast, SPIN90 colocalizes with syndapins as puntate form, consistent with a role for SPIN90 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Overexpression of SPIN90 N-term inhibits receptor-mediated endocytosis. Interestingly, SPIN90 PRD, binding interface of syndapin, significantly blocks internalization of transferrin, demonstrating SPIN90 involvement in endocytosis in vivo by interacting syndapin. Depletion of endogenous SPIN90 by introducing $\alpha-SPIN90$ also blocks receptor-mediated endocytosis. Actin polymerization could generate farce facilitating the pinch-out event in endocytosis, detach newly formed endocytic vesicle from the plasma membrane or push out them via the cytosol on actin tails. Here we found that SPIN90 localizes to high actin turn over cortical area, actin-membrane interface and membrane ruffle in PDGF treated cells. Overexpression of SPIN90 has an effect on cortical actin rearrangement as filopodia induction and it is mediated by the Arp2/3 complex at cell periphery. Consistent with a role in actin organization, CFP-SPIN90 present in actin comet tail generated by PIP5 $kinase\gamma$ overexpression. Therefore this study suggests that SPIN90 is functional linker between endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.310-318
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• 2011

The main objective of this study was to manufacture black onions using different methods, and to analyze the color and physiological and antioxidant activities of their water extracts. Black onions were produced via high-temperature aging (70, 80, and $90^{\circ}C$). At $90^{\circ}C$, onions with different weights (large, 90-L; medium, 90-M; and small, 90-S) and small onions with different appearances (whole, 90-S-W; cut, 90-S-C; and peeled, 90-S-P) were also produced. The colorimetry measurements showed that the extract from the 90-S-C black onion had the highest ${\Delta}E$ value among all the extracts from all the black onion groups. The extract from the 90-S-C black onion had a 3.3 times higher total phenol content than that from the $70^{\circ}C$ black onion extract (11.62 and 3.51 mg/g, respectively). The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the extracts from 90-S-W, 90-S-C, and 90-S-P were higher than those of the other black onion extracts, and the 90-S-C black onion extract had the highest level of 48.3% (at the concentration of 10 mg/ml). The 90-S-C black onion extract also had the highest level of antioxidant activities (ABTS radical scavenging activity, 0.84 mg AA eq/100 g, and nitrite scavenging ability, 49.8%). These results clearly demonstrated that 90-S-C was the best among the conditions used and that the water extract of the 90-S-C black onions had a significantly higher level of antioxidant activities than the extracts from the other black onions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2013

This study was carried out to find a reasonable irrigation method of a nutrient solution for the phenolic foam slab (foam LC) used in a trial experiment to substitute the rockwool slab in the production of paprika (Capsicum annuum 'Veyron'). 100, 90, and 80 mL of a nutrient solution was supplied per plant each time when the accumulated radiation reached to 100, $90J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, and they were named as the 100-100, 90-90, and 90-80 treatment, respectively. The drain percentage per plant of the 100-100 treatment was high by 33.8% in rockwool and 36.7% in foam LC (Lettuce Cube) and that of 90-80 treatment was low by 30.4% and 33.7%. The water content and EC of the rockwool slab were maintained in the range of 63.6-68.9% and $4.4-5.1mS{\cdot}cm^{-1}$, while those of the foam LC slab were in the range of 52.9-58.8% and $5.5-6.5mS{\cdot}cm^{-1}$. The plant height and leaf size of the 100-100 and 90-90 treatments increased in a similar manner, while those of the 90-80 treatment decreased and those of the rockwool were greater than those of the foam LC. The fruit size and weight of the 100-100 and 90-90 treatments were similarly bigger and heavier than those of the 90-80 treatment. The number of fruits harvested per plant was the greatest in the 90-80 treatment with 8 and 8.3 fruits in the rockwool and foam LC. The number of marketable fruits in the rockwool and foam LC was the greatest with 18.1 and 18.2, respectively, in the 90-90 treatment, while that in the 90-80 treatment was 17.2 and 16.8, respectively. The number of unmarketable fruits of the 90-80 treatment was the greatest (1.7-1.8 fruits per plant) in both the rockwool and foam LC, and most of them were small sized or blossom end rot fruits. The yield of the 90-90 treatment was the greatest among the irrigation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.61-77
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• 1994

Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to electric fields (6,000 V, 10 kV/m, 30 min/day, 6 days per week) and injected strontium 90 (681 kbq/rat, one time) through abdominal cavity (strontium 90 and electric field complexed exposure group). In parallel, series with the electric field exposure only, strontium 90 injection only and control groups were run. Every group was consisted of 110 rats (55 male and 55 female). This animal experiment was performed from May to December in 1993. This results were conducted to investigate the effect of electric field for 11 weeks. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in rat's bone marrow cells: The ODC values was significantly increased in Sr$^{90}$ injection group and Sr$^{90}$ and electric field complexed exposure group as compared with that of control group (p<0.05). The ODC value was significantly decreased in electric field and Sr$^{90}$ complexed exposure group in comparison with Sr$^{90}$ injection group (p<0.05). The ODC values of electric field only exposure group was not different to that of control group (p>0.05). 2. The amount of Sr$^{90}$ accumulation in the femur, kidney and spleen:The accumulation amount of Sr$^{90}$ in the femur of Sr$^{90}$ injection group represented higher value than that of electric field and Sr$^{90}$ complexed exposure group (p<0.05). In the kidney and spleen, the difference between electric field and Sr$^{90}$ complexed exposure group and Sr$^{90}$ injection group wasn't observed. 3. The counts of white cells in blood of Sr9?injection group was decreased as compared with the value from control group and electric field and Sr$^{90}$ complexed exposure group (p<0.05). The rat's body weight, red blood cell counts and the weight data of liver, kidney and spleen did not show differences among four groups.