• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 1997년도 춘계 제44회 유가공 심포지움
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• pp.23-34
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• 1997

Calcium-stimulated ATPase ($Ca^{2+}$-ATPase) which has optimal pH value at 7.0 was found in the membrane fraction of human milk, and its enzymatic properties were studied. The purified $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase required 0.45 mM Ca ion for maximal activity. Among the nucleosides, $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase showed a higher substrate specificity to ATP and UTP than to CTP and GTP. $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase had apparent Km value of 0.065, and V max of 7.63 mol ATP hydrolyzed/mg pro-tein per min, respectively. $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was potently inhibited by lanthanide, vanadate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate, and inactivated by EDTA, and CDTA and EGTA, but were unaffected by N-ethylmaleimide, $NaN_3$, ouabain, or oligomycin, and was completely inactivated by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. This enzyme activity was concentrated in the membrane fraction of the cream and skim milk membrane, but not founded in bovine milk.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2020

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are secondary metabolites produced by anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers in the intestine. Intestinal SCFAs exert various beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis, including energy metabolism, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune reaction, and inflammation, whereas contradictory roles of SCFAs in the oral cavity have been reported. Herein, we found that low and high concentrations of SCFAs induce differential regulation of intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, respectively, in gingival fibroblast cells. Additionally, cell viability was found to be differentially regulated in response to low and high concentrations of SCFAs. These findings demonstrate that the physiological functions of SCFAs in various cellular responses are more likely dependent on their local concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 1992

A study was conducted to compare urinary Ca excretion and factors influencing urinary Ca excretion in 30 young and 62 middle-aged Korean women. Mean daily intake levels of total protein and P were significantly higher in middle-aged women but Ca and animal protein intake levels of the two groups were similar. The average percentage of daily Ca intake from milk and milk products in young women was 45% while in middle-aged women it was about 24% The frequency of milk consumption was inversely correlated with blood pressures of the subjects. Mean 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in young and middle-aged women were 163.7mg and 174.9mg respectively. The difference was not significant. Menopause of the mid-dle-aged women did not affect urinary calcium levels. However the proportion of subjects with more than 250mg of Ca in 24-hour urine tended to be higher in middle-aged group Factors significnatly correlated with urinary Ca excretion of subjects were systolic and diastolic The study verifies the need for more systematic studies on Ca requirements and the interrelation-ship among Ca and na metabolism blood pressures and bone loss in the middle-aged Korean.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

본 연구는 사슴뿔이 발생되지 않는 암사슴의 전두골의 뿔 발생예정지역의 좌우 양측골막에 $CaCl_2$ 용액의 주사로 인위적인 뿔 발생유도에 의한 뿔 발생유도율 및 뿔 생산량을 조사하고, 암사슴의 뿔 발생유도가 번식에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 엘크 암사슴 11두를 공시하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 엘크 암사슴에 $CaCl_2$ 처리 농도에 따른 뿔 발생유도는 $CaCl_2$ 30 및 50 % 처리구가 15 % 처리구보다 뿔 발생유도율이 높았으며, 뿔의 생산량에 있어서는 $CaCl_2$ 30 % 처리구가 15 및 50 % 처리구보다 많은 사슴뿔의 생산량을 보였고, $CaCl_2$ 30 % 처리구내 투여량에 있어서는 1.5 ml 및 2.0 ml 투여가 다른 투여수준에 비하여 뿔의 길이와 생산량이 우수 하였다. 암사슴 뿔의 발생유도 후에도 분만율은 75 ~ 100 % 로 번식에는 전혀 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단되었으며, 암사슴의 재생뿔 발생율은 총 11두중 5두가 발생하여 45.0 %로 불규칙한 발생율을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 $CaCl_2$ 용액 처리에 의한 엘크 암사슴의 뿔 발생유도 및 뿔 생산량에 있어서는 $CaCl_2$ 용액의 농도는 30 %가 적절하고, 투여수준은 1.5 및 2.0 ml 주사시 뿔의 발생유도율 및 생산량을 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 인위적인 암사슴 뿔의 유도시에도 번식에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1993

Purpose of the present study was to clarify the role of noradrenergic neural activities in hypothalamus for either triggering or maintaining hypertension in deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Two groups of animals were prepared: 1) normotensive Wistar rats and 2) DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats. Voltage dependent $^{45}Ca^{++}$ uptake, endogenous norepinephrine release, and the catecholamine content in the hypothalamus of DOCA-salt hypertensive and normotensive Wistar rats were compared. Animals at 4, 6 and 16 week-old of two groups were sacrificed by decapitation and hypothalamus was dissected out. Voltage dependent calcium uptake and norepinephrine release were determined from hypothalamic synaptosomes either in low potassium or high potassium stimulatory condition by using $^{45}Ca^{++}$ isotope and HPLC-ECD technique. Degrees of voltage dependent $^{45}Ca^{++}$ uptake and norepinephrine release in hypothalamic synaptosomes of 16-week-old DOCA-salt hypertensive rats were significantly greater than those of age matched normotensive control rats. The norepinephrine and dopamine contents of hypothalamus were about the same in two groups of animals. These results suggest that the alteration of evoked norepinephrine release related to calcium uptake in hypothalamus may play a role in the maintenance of hypertension in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2005

Conditions for sufficient and rapid distribution of a cryoprotectant (sorbitol solution) into intact fish muscle (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied as changing in the residual Ca2+ ATPase activity during freeze/thaw cycling. Chunks of the fish muscle were immersed in 4 concentrations of sorbitol solutions ($20\%$, $30\%$, $45\%$, and $60\%$) by a shaker mechanism at 5$^${circ}C. Whole immersion samples (W) showed a higher value of the residual Ca2+ ATPase activity than those in the untreated controls (C), except in the treated controls (TC), while less effect of immersion concentration could be found. Comparing the extent of penetration of sorbitol into the surface layer to inner layer of immersed fish chunks, outer portion samples achieved excellent cryoprotection with $100\%$ of the residual ATPase activity values or more. For the inner portion samples, $30\%$ and $45\%$ sorbitol solution treatments indicated a higher ATPase activity than $60\%$ treatment. At high concentrations, mass transfer rates during osmotic dehydration might berapid and it causes faster surface drying by dewatering at surface solute layer. Periodically immersed and relaxed samples, W (5-3-1), led to good cryoprotection effect: W (5-3-1) indicated high residual Ca2+ ATPase activity values and the residual ATPase activity values excess $100\%$ in immersion of $30\%$ and $45\%$ sorbitol solutions.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1999

Isoeugenol, one of the phenylpropanoid derivatives has been known to inhibit the lipid peroxidation via scavenging effect on hydroxyl or superoxide radical production. We examined whether isoeugenol has a inhibitory effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-, oxygen/glucose deprivation- and xanthine/xanthine oxidase(X/XO)-induced neurotoxicity or NMDA-induced $^{45}Ca^{+2}$ uptake elevation in primary mouse vertical cultures. We also evaluated whether isoeugenol exhibits inhibitory action on NMDA-induced convulsion in mice. Isoeugenol ($30{\sim}300{\mu}M$) attenuated NMDA- and X/XO-induced neurotoxicity by 11~85% and 83~92%, respectively. In the oxyge/glucose deprivation(60 min)-induced neurotoxicity, isoeugenol significantly(p<0.05) reduced by 32% at the maximal concentration. However, it failed to ameliorate NMDA-induced $^{45}Ca^{+2}$ uptake elevation. Isoeugenol(0.5g/kg, i.p.) delayed 6.5 times on the onset time of convulsion evoked by NMDA($0.1{\mu}g$) compared to that of control. These results suggest that the neuroprotective action of isoeugenol may be ascribed to the modulation of massive generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) occurred during the ischemic or excitotoxic damage, not by directly affecting the NMDA receptor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1803-1806
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• 2013

Purpose: Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 242 is inversely related to prognosis in many cancers. However, few data regarding CA 242 in esophageal cancer (EC) are available. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of CA 242 and propose an optimum cut-off point in predicting survival difference in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 192 cases. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for survival prediction was plotted to verify the optimum cuf-off point. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic parameters for survival. Results: The positive rate for CA 242 was 7.3% (14/192). The ROC curve for survival prediction gave an optimum cut-off of 2.15 (U/ml). Patients with CA 242 ${\leq}$ 2.15 U/ml had significantly better 5-year survival than patients with CA 242 >2.15 U/ml (45.4% versus 22.6%; P=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that differentiation (P=0.033), CA 242 (P=0.017), T grade (P=0.004) and N staging (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Preoperative CA 242 is a predictive factor for long-term survival in ESCC, especially in nodal-negative patients. We conclude that 2.15 U/ml may be the optimum cuf-off point for CA 242 in predicting survival in ESCC.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1970

미토콘드리아의 Ca 결합은 물질대사에 의존하지 않는 初期 結合과 에너지 소비를 수반하는 膜透過의 二段階로 일어 난다는 설이 있다. 본 실험에서는 이를 확인키 위하여 흰쥐의 肝에 서 抽出한 미토콘드리아를 $^45 CaCl_2$를 함유한 sucrose-tris chloride 용액에서 incubate 시키면 서 Ca 흡수, 산소소비 및 ATPase 活性을 측정하였다. 미토콘드리아의 Ca 결합량은 온도의 영향을 거의 받지 않으며, succinate 나 ATP의 존재에 의해서도 증가하지 않는다. 반면 산소소비량은 succinate의 존재에 의하여 현저하게 증가되며 또 온도의 상승에 따라 증가된다. ATPase 活性도 온도의 상승에 따라 증가한다. 산소소비량과 Ca의 결합량이 비례하지 않는 것으로 보아 미토콘드리아의 Ca 초기 결합은 물질 대사에 의존하지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 미토콘드리아의 ATPase 活性은 DNP 의 존재에 의하여 증가된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2001

The neuronal cell death induced by excess glutamate (Glu) has been implicated in many acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases including cerebral ischemia. Glu-induced elevation of intra-cellular $Ca^{2+}$ plays a critical role in the excitotoxicity, partly through the activation of a variety of $Ca^{2+}$ dependent enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the Glu-induced modulation of $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK IV), a multifunctional enzyme abundantly present in the nuclei of neurons. The exposure of cultured rat cortical neurons to $100{\mu}$M Glu for 3 min dramatically increased CaMK IV activity up to 4.5-fold of the control-treated enzyme activity. The activation was very rapid, reaching peak at 3 min and then declined gradually. Under the same experimental conditions, time-dependent acute and delayed neuronal cell death was observed. Immunoblot analyses using specific antibodies showed that the expressions of CaMK IV and $CaMKK_{\alpha}$ were time-dependently modulated by Glu. Taken together, these results imply that the modulation of CaMK IV activity by Glu may be involved in the cascade of events resulting in neuronal cell death in cortical cultures.