• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2016

Human cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYPs) are major oxidative catalysts that metabolize various xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. Many carcinogens induce cancer only after metabolic activation and P450 enzymes play an important role in this phenomenon. P450 1B1 mediates bioactivation of many procarcinogenic chemicals and carcinogenic estrogen. It catalyzes the oxidation reaction of polycyclic aromatic carbons, heterocyclic and aromatic amines, and the 4-hydroxylation reaction of $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Enhanced expression of P450 1B1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. There are at least 25 polymorphic variants of P450 1B1 and some of these have been reported to be associated with eye diseases. In addition, P450 1B1 polymorphisms can greatly affect the metabolic activation of many procarcinogenic compounds. It is necessary to understand the relationship between metabolic activation of such substances and P450 1B1 polymorphisms in order to develop rational strategies for the prevention of its toxic effect on human health.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

The effect of organic material loadings on nutrient removal characteristics were investigated in sequencing batch reactor, in which a flat sheet type microfiltration membrane with a pore size of $0.4\;{\mu}m$ was submerged. Three organic concentrations of 200 mg/L (Run-1), 400 mg/L (Run-2) and 800 mg/L (Run-3) were carried out continuously to identify their effect on the filtration performance and nutrient removal. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P were increased with the increase of COD/N and COD/P. The T-N removal efficiencies of Run-1, Run-2 and Run-3 were 28.1, 32.6 and 90.4%, the average concentrations of T-N in permeate were 32.0, 30.0, and 4.3 mg/L, respectively. The T-P removal efficiencies of Run-1, Run-2 and Run-3 were 13.6, 35.3 and 93.1%, the average concentrations of T-P in permeate were 3.11, 2.33, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.261-268
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental temperature (ET; $21^{\circ}C$ and $32^{\circ}C$) and antibiotic substitute conditions on meat quality of chicken breast during cold storage. Seven treatments were as follows; T1, ET $21^{\circ}C$ + antibiotics (+); T2, ET $21^{\circ}C$ + antibiotics (-); T3, ET $32^{\circ}C$ + antibiotics (+); T4, ET $32^{\circ}C$ + antibiotics (-); T5, ET $32^{\circ}C$ + 0.1% Lactobacillus; T6, ET $32^{\circ}C$ + 0.1% medicinal plant extract; T7, ET $32^{\circ}C$ + 0.1% essential oil. T7 had a higher (p<0.05) pH at 72 h post-slaughter value when compared to the other treatments. The CIE $b^*$ value of treatments at ET $32^{\circ}C$ showed significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to the treatments at $21^{\circ}C$. T7 also had significantly (p<0.05) lower TBARS values than the other treatments as the storage time increased. T6 contained significantly (p<0.05) higher extractability of salt-soluble protein contents than the other treatments. The results from SDS-PAGE showed that the actin protein decreased for ET treatments at $32^{\circ}C$. The concentration of actin protein was not significantly different among T1, T2 and T7. Therefore, these result suggested that the antibiotic alternative with essential oil was effective under the high environmental temperature ($32^{\circ}C$) for chicken meat production.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 1992

The magnetic properties of the amorphous Fe/sub 32/Ni/sub 36/Cr/sub 14/P/sub 12/B/sub 6/ has been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy in the temperature range of 88-400K. The analysis of the spectrum of B8K, the magnetic hyperfine field and quadrupole splitting are found to be 140.5kOe and almost zero, which means that the magnetic hyperfine field is randomly oriented with respect to the principal axes of the electric field gradient, respectively. The values of quadrupole splitting in paramagnetic phase with Tc=280K are independent on the changes of temperature. Debye temperature is found to be about 288k from the analysis of recoilless fraction.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 1991

A bacterial strain NO. 32 which produced thermostable ${\alpha}$-amylase was isolated from soil and identified to genus of Bacillus. To enhance ${\alpha}$-amylase productivity, a successive mutation of Bacillus sp. No. 32 was attempted with treatment of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The resulting mutant, Bacillus sp. No. 32H417, which is risistant to refampicin and deficient in spore formation, produced about 90-fold high level of ${\alpha}$-amylase when compared with parental strain. The properties of the enzyme for thermostability were investigated. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme reaction were 95$^{\circ}C$ and pH6.5, respectively, in the presence of 0.3mM $Ca^{2+}$ as an effective stabilizer.

• Proceedings of the Petrological Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.32-32
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.945-951
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• 2013

In vitro studies were undertaken to develop an appropriate fibrolytic enzymes cocktail comprising of cellulase, xylanase and ${\beta}$-D-glucanase for maize stover with an aim to increase its nutrient utilization in sheep. Cellulase and xylanase added individually to ground maize stover at an increasing dose rates (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400, 12,800, 25,600, 32,000, 38,400, and 44,800 IU/g DM), increased (p<0.01) the in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro sugar release. The doses selected for studying the combination effect of enzymes were 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g of cellulase and 12,800 to 44,800 IU/g of xylanase. At cellulase concentration of 6,400 IU/g, IVDMD % was higher (p<0.01) at higher xylanase doses (25,600 to 44,800 IU/g). While at cellulase doses (12,800 to 32,000 IU/g), IVDMD % was higher at lower xylanase doses (12,800 and 25,600 IU/g) compared to higher xylanase doses (32,000 to 44,800 IU/g). At cellulase concentration of the 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g, the amount of sugar released increased (p<0.01) with increasing levels of xylanase concentrations except for the concentration of 44,800 IU/g. No effect of ${\beta}$-D-glucanase (100 to 300 IU/g) was observed at lower cellulase-xylanase dose (cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g). Based on the IVDMD, the enzyme combination cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g was selected to study its effect on feed intake and rumen fermentation pattern, conducted on 12 rams (6 to 8 months; $20.34{\pm}2.369$ kg body weight) fed 50% maize stover based TMR. The total volatile fatty acids (p<0.01) and ammonia-N concentration was higher in enzyme supplemented group, while no effect was observed on dry matter intake, ruminal pH and total nitrogen concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.706-712
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• 2011

Metabolism of $^3H$-castasterone in the presence of $^{32}P$-ATP was examined by an enzyme solution prepared from A. thaliana after a reversed phased HPLC, after which a polar metabolite labeled by both $^3H$ and $^{32}P$ was obtained, suggesting that $^3H$-CS is phosphorylated by $^{32}P$-ATP. To elucidate the structure of the phosphorylated CS, the same enzyme assay was carried out with non-isotopes labeled CS and ATP. In GC-MS analysis the metabolite gave a molecular ion at m/z 664 as a bismethanboronate, suggesting the metabolite is a CS phosphate. Treatment of wheat germ acid phosphatase that hydrolyzed phosphoester bond gave the same mass spectrum and GC retention time in GC-MS analyses, confirming that the metabolite is phosphorylated CS. This is the first example of phosphorylated conjugates of CS in plants.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.274-278
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• 1990

Metastases to the liver presents a common clinical problem in the management of patients with cole-rectal cancer, and are responsible for a high degree of morbidity and mortality associated with this malignancy. Unfortunately, attempts at preventing the development of liver metastases in "high risk" patients has so far been unsuccessful. Ongoing studies of adjuvant chemotherapy have not yet illustrated a significant increase in survival in patients receiving such therapy. The purpose of the study is to investigate the value of adjuvant radiotherapy given in the form of colloidal chromic phosphate P-32 suspension administered via portal vein after radical resection of the primary cancer, in preventing the growth of occult metastases in the liver. Twenty one patients (10 patients of treated group with 11 controls) were followed 18 months after operation. There was no significant change in the CBC and liver functions after administration of P-32 labeled colloidal chromic phosphate. The number of patients who showed local metastases at 18 months were 2 in the treated group and 3 in the control group. While liver metastases occurred in one patient at 6 months and in three at 12 months in the control group, there was no development of liver metastases by 12 months in the treated group. At 18 month follow-up CT scan one patient in the treated group showed a single nodule in the liver. In conclusion liver metastasis rate was lower in the patients who received colloidal P-32 chromic phosphate via portal vein after radical resection of the primary cole-rectal cancer.