• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 2007

This study compared the recovery rate of intrajugular-administered allantoin in the urine and saliva between swamp buffaloes and zebu cattle to examine whether it could explain the lower excretion rate of urinary purine derivatives (PD) in the buffaloes. Three male swamp buffalo yearlings, with an average body weight of $349{\pm}40.35$ kg, and three Thai native cattle ($154{\pm}3.26$ kg) of similar age and sex were used in the study. Animals were kept in individual pens and fed at a maintenance energy level with a diet containing 65% monk bean husk (Vigna radiata) as roughage and 35% concentrates. Allantoin solution was infused into the jugular vein in four incremental rates equivalent to 0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol/d and urine was collected daily in acidified form. Daily PD excretion was linearly correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species. The relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol/d) and intrajugular allantoin infused (X, mmol/d) was $Y=0.75{\pm}0.318X+22.45{\pm}2.98$ ($r^2$ = 0.36, n = 12, MSE = 38.02, CV = 21.9, p<0.01) for swamp buffaloes and $Y=0.96{\pm}0.10X+15.93{\pm}0.92$ ($r^2$ = 0.91, n = 12, MSE = 3.60, CV = 8.27, p<0.01) for zebu cattle. The salivary PD concentration was not correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species, with values for buffaloes numerically lower than those for cattle. The present study reconfirmed previous studies that buffaloes have a lower plasma PD excretion rate via the renal route and a significant proportion (22%) of the plasma PD loss is via the saliva. However, results of our present and previous studies suggest that differences in purine base (PB) metabolism between buffaloes and zebu cattle occur before the purine compounds reach the plasma pool.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.471-482
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• 1997

GC/MS was used to find an optimum experimental condition for the screening of organic acids in urine. Urinary organic acids were isolated through the liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE) to examine the influence of pH and the effect of including the back extraction and oximation processes respectively on the extraction. When pH was adjusted to 0.5 during the extraction without oximation process, relatively higher recovery rate and the smallest relative standard deviations (0.3-12.4%) were obtained. By removing the interference, the addition of back extraction made possible surer identification of organic acids with retention time of 15-16 minutes. Under this condition, we obtained the content distribution of urinary organic acids in healthy Korean children (n=16) by establishing the calibration curves for 51 standard organic acids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.105-114
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Tetrax on balance dysfunction caused by ataxia in cerebellar stroke. METHODS: A total of thirty subjects with cerebellar stroke were recruited. The participants was divided into two groups, the experimental (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Tetrax training and conventional physical therapy (CPT) were performed in experimental group, whereas the patients in the control group were treated with CPT twice a day. Each session of the Tetrax and CPT was carried out for 30 minutes, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (K-SARA) was the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcomes covered Berg balance scale (BBS), falling index (FI), Timed up and go (TUG), and modified Barthel index of Korean version (K-MBI). All outcome measures were evaluated before and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: K-SARA was decreased significantly after 4 weeks intervention in both the experimental (p<.05) and the control group (p<.05). Furthermore, the experimental group produced significantly better outcomes in K-SARA, BBS, FI, and TUG compared with the control group (p=.012, p=.027, p=.008, and p=.048). There were significant correlations between K-SARA and BBS, FI, TUG, and K-MBI (p<.001, p<.001, p=.004, and p<.001). CONCLUSION: The restoration of ataxia was related with the improvement of the balance, falling risk, mobility, and activity of daily living. Tetrax training was effectively aided recovery of ataxia after cerebellar stroke.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.646-653
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• 1990

Currently numerous methods are in use for myocardial protection from the ravages of ischemia and hypoxia. This study was designed to compare with FDP-GIK[Group II, n=8] and GIK cardioplegic solution[Group I, n=8] in ability of myocardial protection and was examined in the isolated working rat heart subjected to long period[120 min] of hypothermic[10 - 15K] ischemic arrest with multidose[every 30 min] cardioplegic infusion. During postischemic reperfusion period 20 min, hemodynamic functions[aortic flow, coronary flow, peak aortic pressure, cardiac output, heart rate], biochemical enzymatic & electrical activities were evaluated. The time from onset of reperfusion to the return of regular sinus rhythm was significantly reduced from 87$\pm$3 sec to 17$\pm$2 sec[P<0.05]. The postischemic recovery of aortic flow was better in the group II [95.1$\pm$3.3% of its preischemic control level] than in the Group I [75.4$\pm$6.8%] [P<0.05]. Cardiac output and stroke volume was also better in the group[91.3$\pm$1.6%, 89.4$\pm$2.6%, respectively] than in the Group I [79.1$\pm$3.7%, 77.0$\pm$4.8%, respectively] [P<0. 05]. Creatine kinase leakage was also significantly reduced from 33.8$\pm$4.9 IU /10 min / gm * dry weight to 15.4$\pm$3.6 IU /10 min /gm * dry weight[P<0.05]. It is suggested that adding FDP to GIK cardioplegic solution improves its ability to protect the heart against long period of hypoxic ischemia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5395-5399
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resection in a period of learning curve completed by surgeons with different experience and aptitudes with a view to making clear whether seniors had a better learning curve compared with juniors. Methods: From May 2010 to August 2012, the first twenty patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection completed by each surgeon were selected for analysis retrospectively. A total of 240 patients treated by 5 seniors and 7 juniors were divided into the senior group (n=100) and the junior group (n=140). The short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery of the two groups were compared. Results: The mean numbers of lymph nodes harvested were $21.2{\pm}11.0$ in the senior group and $17.3{\pm}11.5$ in the junior group (p=0.010); The mean operative times were $187.9{\pm}60.0min$ as compared to $231.3{\pm}55.7min$ (p=0.006), and blood loss values were $177.0{\pm}100.7ml$ and $234.0{\pm}185ml$, respectively (p=0.001); Conversion rate in the senior group was obviously lower than in the junior group (10.0% vs 20.7%, p=0.027) and the mean time to passing of first flatus were $3.3{\pm}0.9$ and $3.8{\pm}0.9$ days (p=0.001). For low rectal cancer, the sphincter preserving rates were 68.7% and 35.3% (p=0.027). Conclusions: Seniors could perform laparoscopic colorectal resection with relatively better oncological outcomes and quicker recovery, and seniors could master the laparoscopic skill more easily and quickly. Seniors had a better learning curve for laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection compared to juniors.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.333-338
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• 2014

A simple and sensitive analytical method for fluoride in urine by ion selective electrode (ISE) method was presented. Traditional buffer for fluoride determination using ISE is acetate-based one. Researchers have pointed out some drawbacks of the buffer for fluoride ISE analysis, and some other buffers including citrate-ammonium buffer and MES buffer have been studied for accurate determination of fluoride in urine here. These buffers provided promising results in environmental field, and this author focused on overcoming the interference of co-existing aluminium. The results show that MES-CyDTA buffer gave the best recovery with accuracy of 95-97.5% and precision of 1.9-7.9% for reference sample of 1.8-7.8 mg/L fluoride in urine, with smaller amount of samples and shorter analysis time compared with the traditional method which used acetate buffer. The method was applied to field samples, and which showed urinary of $0.98{\pm}0.38mg/g$ creatinine for workers in electric cable manufacturing factory (n=15) and $0.59{\pm}0.30mg/g$ creatinine for non-exposed workers (n=12).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.514-527
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• 2018

This study formed a scenario to improve a water quality by expecting and analyzing a water quality of Jeollabuk-do Seomjingang water system, so calculated a result. As a result, it was analyzed that a water quality is improved at 15.32 % of the maximum BOD, 7.17 % of T-N, and 62.86 % of T-P according to domestic and livestock cut amount by reinforcing discharge water of sewage disposal plant and improving pollutant management plans. It was analyzed that supplementing various cut plans such as establishment of efficient cut plans, plans to decrease pollution loading amount, plans to increase sewage disposal efficiently, pollutant decrease through an expansion of sewage disposal area, and energy recovery from animal dung of Total Pollutant Load Management System, and developing a study on more efficient improvement plans of water quality by considering natural increase and economic development are efficient in an improvement in a water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.123-132
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• 2022

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) interventions on the upper extremity function and occupational performance in subacute stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 30 eligible stroke patients were randomly distributed into the CO-OP experimental group (n = 15) and the traditional occupational therapy (OT) control group (n = 15). The CO-OP approach was applied for twelve 60-minute sessions. The Jebson Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT), the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), and the Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS) were used for outcome evaluations. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the paralytic upper extremity function before and after treatment (p < .01) between the group treated with the CO-OP approach and the group treated with traditional OT. The occupational performance of the CO-OP approach group showed a significant improvement (p < .01), and this group also showed a statistically significant improvement in quality of performance compared to the traditional OT group (p < .01). CONCLUSION: The CO-OP approach may be useful in clinical practice as a therapeutic intervention for improving the functional recovery and performance of subacute stroke patients. Future research should be carried out to investigate the persistence of this effect involving more participants and follow-up studies should also be undertaken.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.371-380
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop a precise single residue analytical method of fungicide cyprodinil in representative crops for using as general residue analytical methods which could be applied to most of crops. Apple, mandarin, Korean cabbage and green pepper were selected as representative crops, and they were macerated, extracted with acetonitrile, concentrated and partitioned with n-hexane. Then the extracts were concentrated and cleaned-up through silica gel column with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (15:85, v/v) before concentration and analysis with HPLC. LOQ (limit of quantitation) of cyprodinil was 5 ng (S/N>10) and MQL (method qnantitation limit) was 0.05 mg/kg. Recoveries were measured at three fortification levels (MQL, 10MQL and 100MQL) on crop samples and ranged from 82.0 to 108.2% and coefficients of variation were less than 10% regardless of sample type.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 1988

To compare the stimulation effect of the ratio in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in induction of multiple follicular growth, the serum $E_2$ level, the diameter of follicle, number of aspirated follicles and cleavage rate of in vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes as well as the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Forty one patients with irreparable tubal disease were stimulated by hMG(n=24) or FSH/hMG(n=17) for the purpose of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum estradiol($E_2$) levels on the day of hCG administration were $921.0{\pm}353.3\;pg/ml$ in hMG group and $1272.9{\pm}1060.6\;pg/ml$ in FSH/hMG group. The serum $E_2$ value of hMG group was significantly lower than that of FSH/hMG group. 2. The diameter of leading follicle by ultrasonogram on the day of hCG administration were $16.2{\pm}2.0\;mm$ in hMG group and $16.2{\pm}2.6\;mm$ in FSH/hMG group. No significant difference of follicle diameter between two groups was demonstrated. 3. The number of follicles with diameter above 10 mm by sonogram on the day of hCG injection were $3.91{\pm}2.32$ in hMG group and $6.52{\pm}3.86$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of follicles between two groups, (p< 0.01). 4. The number of oocytes found per patient at aspiration were $2.59{\pm}1.00$ in hMG group and 3. $76{\pm}2.31$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of aspirated oocytes between two groups. (p< 0.05). 5. The detection rate of preovulatory oocyte at aspiration were 68.4%(39/57) in hMG group (n=22) and 77.6%(38/49) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). 6. The cleavage rate of preovulatory oocyte at 44 hours after insemination were 74.4%(29/39) in hMG group(n=22) and 81.6%(31/38) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). When only hMG was used, one pregnancy was established in 15 patients to whom 29 zygotes were transferred. And a full term normal female baby was delivered by elective cesarean section. In the FSH/hMG group, five pregnancies out of 9 transferred patients were confirmed by serum ${\beta}-hCG$. Two pregnancies were spontaneously aborted before the 6th week of pregnancy. One patient aborted her baby at the 18th week of pregnancy because of incompetent internal os of the cervix. Two patients delivered two full term babies by elective cesarean section. From the above findings, paralell with the increase in the ratio of exogenous follicle stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone, an increase in oocyte recovery was observed as well as an improvements in pregnancy rate. It was concluded that FSH enrichment early in the follicular phase had a beneficial effect in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.