• Title/Summary/Keyword: $^{133}Cs$

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Comparative Measurement of Radioactivity with Standard Gamma-ray Ionization Chamber System (표준 감마선 전리함 장치에 의한 방사능 비교 측정)

  • Park, Tae-Soon;Woo, Dong-Ho;Oh, Pil-Jae;Hwang, Sun-Tae
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 1984
  • A Standard gamma-ray ionization chamber system was developed with a well type ionization chamber and micro current measuring circuit. Micro current was measured by the automatic Townsend balance with stepwise compensation method. For gamma emitting nuclides such as $^{241}Am,\;^{133}Ba,\;^{60}Co,\;^{134}Cs,\;^{137}Cs,\;and\;^{22}Na$ relative calibration factors to $^{226}Ra$ reference source were calculated and detection .efficiency curve was determined as a fudnction of gamma energy.

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Effect of Extruded Products Made with Cassava Starch Blended with Oat Fiber and Resistant Starch on the Hypocholesterolemic Properties as Evaluated in Hamsters

  • Chang, Y.K.;He, Martinez-Flores;Martinez-Bustos, F.;Sgarbieri, V.C.
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.133-138
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    • 2002
  • To examine the cholesterol-towering effects of extruded products made with cassava starch (CS) and blends of cassava starch with either resistant starch (CS-RS) or oat fiber (CS-OF) hamsters were fed with diets containing a high-cholesterol (2%) and high-fat (17%) diet for 20 days. Hamsters fed with a diet containing no cholesterol were used as a control. Total cholesterol (TC) levels in the CS-RS and CS-OF groups were significantly (p>0.05) lower compared to the CS group by 11.5% and 8.5%, respectively. Also, the diets containing fibers decreased the value of low-density lipoproteins plus very low-density lipoproteins fraction by 32.4% (CS-RS diet) and 51.7% (CS-OF), respectively, as compared to the CS diet. Total lipid values were significantly (p<0.05) lower in hamsters fed the CS-RS diet (916 mg/dL) and CS-OF diet (964 mg/dL) as compared to those fed the CS diet (1661 mg/dL). The results obtained in this study suggest that extruded products containing cassava starch blended with either resistant starch or oat fleer, could prevent health problems associated with high levels of cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia induced by a high cholesterol and fat diet.

Investigation on structural symmetry of CsCoCl3·2H2O crystals by magic-angle spinning 1H and static 133Cs nuclear magnetic resonance

  • Park, Sang Hyeon;Jang, Du Chang;Jeon, Hara;Gyeong, Oh Yi;Lim, Ae Ran
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2022
  • The phase transition temperatures of CsCoCl3·2H2O crystals are investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three endothermic peaks at temperatures of 370 K (=TC1), 390 K (=TC2), and 416 K (=TC3) were observed for phase transitions from CsCoCl3·2H2O to CsCoCl3·1.5H2O, to CsCoCl3·H2O, and then to CsCoCl3·0.5H2O, respectively. In addition, the spin-lattice relaxation time T in the rotating frame and T1 in the laboratory frame as well as changes in chemical shifts for 1H and 133Cs near TC1 were found to be temperature dependent. Our analyses results indicated that the changes of chemical shifts, T, and T1 are associated with structural phase transitions near temperature TC1. The changes of chemical shifts, T, and T1 near TC1 were associated with structural phase transitions, owing to the changes in the symmetry of the structure formed of H2O and Cs+ ions. Consequently, the structural symmetry in CsCoCl3·2H2O crystals based on temperature is discussed by the environments of their H and Cs nuclei.

Effective removal of non-radioactive and radioactive cesium from wastewater generated by washing treatment of contaminated steel ash

  • P. Sopapan;U. Lamdab;T. Akharawutchayanon;S. Issarapanacheewin;K. Yubonmhat;W. Silpradit;W. Katekaew;N. Prasertchiewchan
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.516-522
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    • 2023
  • The co-precipitation process plays a key role in the decontamination of radionuclides from low and intermediate levels of liquid waste. For that reason, the removal of Cs ions from waste solution by the co-precipitation method was carried out. A simulated liquid waste (133Cs) was prepared from a 0.1 M CsCl solution, while wastewater generated by washing steel ash served as a representative of radioactive cesium solution (137Cs). By co-precipitation, potassium ferrocyanide was applied for the adsorption of Cs ions, while nickel nitrate and iron sulfate were selected for supporting the precipitation. The amount of residual Cs ions in the CsCl solution after precipitation and filtration was determined by ICP-OES, while the radioactivity of 137Cs was measured using a gamma-ray spectrometer. After cesium removal, the amount of cesium appearing in both XRD and SEM-EDS was analyzed. The removal efficiency of 133Cs was 60.21% and 51.86% for nickel nitrate and iron sulfate, respectively. For the ash-washing solution, the removal efficiency of 137Cs was revealed to be more than 99.91% by both chemical agents. This implied that the co-precipitation process is an excellent strategy for the effective removal of radioactive cesium in waste solution treatment.

The Possible Modification of the Half Life of the $^{133}Cs$ nucleus in the Finite Space (유한한 공간에서 $^{133}Cs$ 원자핵 반감기의 변화에 대한 연구)

  • Jeong, Moon-Taeg;Dong, Kyung-Rae
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.213-218
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    • 2009
  • A theoretical investigation has been carried out on how the energy width of the excited state of the nuclei is modulated when the $\gamma$-ray source is placed between two gold plates, at the center of the gold cylinder or the sphere. The width of the 81-keV level of $^{133}Cs$ is shown to become narrower by 3.7% at 4.2 K by reabsorption of $\gamma$ rays scattered backward from the parallel plates which are made of a 0.05-cm-thick, 3-cm-radius gold plates and separated from each other by 1.0 mm. With a 0.05-cm-thick, 5-cm-long, 1.0-mm-radius gold cylinder, we found that a width became narrower by 6.5%. In addition, when the nuclei is located in a spherical reflector of 1.0 mm in radius made of gold with a thickness of 0.5 mm. the level width is reduced by about 18.2% at a temperature 4.2 K. The results of this study indicates that the life-time of energy level was prolonged.

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Fabrication of Fiber-optics Detector for Measuring Radioactive Waste (방사성 오염도 측정을 위한 광섬유 검출기 제작)

  • Kim, Jeong-Ho;Joo, Koan-Sik
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.282-287
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    • 2015
  • In this study, an optical fiber detector was constructed by using a Ce:GAGG scintillator, optical fiber, and photomultiplier. The single crystal size of the scintillator was set to $3{\times}3{\times}20mm^3$ after simulating the counting efficiency of gamma rays in the scintillator by using the MCNPX code. The constructed detector used the standard gamma ray sources $^{137}Cs$ and $^{133}Ba$ to measure radiation and analyze the spectral characteristics of gamma rays. The resulting trend curve showed excellent linearity with an R-squared value of 0.99741, and the detector characteristics were found to vary 2% or less with distance based on comparison with the MCNPX value. Furthermore, the spectroscopic analysis of the gamma ray energy from the single-ray and mixed-ray sources showed that $^{137}Cs$ had its peak energy at 662 keV, and $^{133}Ba$ had at 356 keV. It seems that if the fiber-optics detector is used, working hours and exposure of worker can be reduced.

Spectroscopic Properties of a Silicon Photomultiplier-based Ce:GAGG Scintillation Detector and Its Applicability for γ-ray Spectroscopy (감마선 분광분석을 위한 실리콘 광 증배소자 기반 Ce:GAGG 섬광검출기의 분광특성 연구)

  • Park, Hye Min;Kim, Jeong Ho;Kim, Dong Seong;Joo, Koan Sik
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2015
  • In this study, a scintillation detector was fabricated using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and a Ce:GAGG scintillator single crystal, and its spectroscopic properties were compared with those of commercially available LYSO and CsI:Tl scintillators using ${\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy. The energy resolutions of the self-produced scintillation detector composed of the scintillator single crystal (volume: $3{\times}3{\times}20mm^3$) and SiPM (Photosensitive area: $3{\times}3mm^2$) for standard ${\gamma}$-ray sources, such as $^{133}Ba$, $^{22}Na$, $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$ were measured and compared. As a result, the energy resolutions of the proposed Ce:GAGG scintillation detector for g-rays, as measured using its spectroscopic properties, were found to be 13.5% for $^{133}Ba$ 0.356 MeV, 6.9% for $^{22}Na$ 0.511 MeV, 5.8% for $^{137}Cs$ 0.662 MeV and 2.3% for $^{60}Co$ 1.33 MeV.

An NMR Study on Complexation of Cesium Ion by p-tert-Butylcalix[6]arene Ethyl Ester

  • Chung, Kee-Choo;Namgoong, Hyun;Lee, Jo-Woong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.609-616
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    • 2004
  • Complexation of cesium ion by p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene ethyl ester was studied by NMR spectroscopy in nonpolar $CDCl_3$ and polar acetone-$d_6$ and the results were compared with each other. Analysis of temperature dependent $^1H$ spectra and titration curves reveals that both solvents result in a 1 : 1 cone-form complex with nonpolar $CDCl_3$yielding a more tightly bound one than acetone-$d_6$. Unexpectedly, at very low temperature, we have found that two phenyl ring proton peaks of equal intensity appear both in $CDCl_3$and in acetone-$d_6$ solution which gradually collapse and eventually coalesce into a single line as temperature is raised. This observation could be interpreted in terms of the chemical exchange through direct and/or indirect interconversion between two equivalent conformations possible the complex in both solvents over the temperature range observed. And broadening of $^{133}Cs$ (I = 7/2) nmr line with increasing temperature has also been observed, indicating the exchange of $^{133}Cs$ ion between the complex and the solvent. From numerical fitting of lineshape changes for one-dimensional $^1H$ and $^{133}Cs$ spectra, the exchange rate constants and other relevant parameters for this conformational interconversion and the complex-solvent exchange were deduced.

Comparative Study on the Committed Dose Equivalent for Adults and Infants (예탁선양치(預託線量値)에서 본 성인(成人)과 유아(幼兒)와의 비교연구(比較硏究))

  • Sung, Kye-Yong;Yook, Chong-Chul;Ha, Chung-Woo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.76-89
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    • 1984
  • Weighted committed dose equivalents($W_T\;H_{50}$) per intake of unit activity of four nuclides-I-131, I-133, Cs-134 and Cs-137-, which was based on the concepts of ICRP Pub. 30, are calculated for adult who is 70 kg and 25 years old and, for infant who is 10 kg and 1 year old. Metabolism of iodine taken through oral or inhalation pathway is described by using the three-compartment model which consists of inorganic, thyroid and organic compartment. After intake, the amount of iodine in every compartment is calculated by solving the transfer equations among the these compartments. As soon as caesium is taken into the body, it is distributed uniformly in the body through the transfer compartment. In this case, the amount of caesium in total body is calculated by using the total body compartment model which is divided into two tissue compartments because of their different biological half-lifes of caesium in body. As a result of calculations, whether oral or inhalation pathway, the values of ($W_T\;H_{50}$) per intake of unit activity of I-131 for infants are about ten times as much as those of adults. On the other hand, for Cs-134 and Cs-137, the values of $W_T\;H_{50}$ per intake of unit activity show that, whether adults of infants, they have almost the same values.

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