• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.11C no.6 s.95
• /
• pp.843-850
• /
• 2004

As mobile devices prevail, requests for various services using mobile devices have increased. Requests for application services that require large data space such as multimedia, game and database [1] specifically have greatly increased. However, mobile appliances have difficulty in applying various services like a wire environment, because the storage capacity of one is not enough. Therefore, research (5) which provides remote storage service for mobile appliances using iSCSI is being conducted to overcome storage space limitations in mobile appliances. But, when iSCSI is applied to mobile appliances, iSCSI I/O performance drops rapidly if a iSCSI client moves from the server to a far away position. In the case of write operation, $28\%$ reduction of I/O performance occurred when the latency of network is 64ms. This is because the iSCSI has a structural quality that is very .sensitive to delay time. In this paper, we will introduce an intermediate target server and localize iSCSI target to improve the shortcomings of iSCSI performance dropping sharply as latency increases when mobile appliances recede from a storage server.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2005

Grp78, discovered as one of the putative target genes of Hoxc8, is a highly conserved stress protein and functions as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In order to see the stage-specific expression pattern of Grp78 during development, mouse embryos from day 7.5 to 17.5 p.c. were isolated, and RT-PCR as well as in situ hybridization was performed. When RT-PCR was performed using Grp78 specific primers, periodic expression pattern was detected. And also a region-specific expression pattern was detected with a strong expression in the trunk part of day 11.5 p.c. embryo, like that of Hoxc8. When in situ hybridization was performed, Grp78 was revealed to be expressed in the endoderm, somite, neuroepithelium cells of neural tube in early embryos. In the case of late embryos, Grp78 expression was detected in the liver, segmental bronchus within cranial lobe of lung, ossification center within the cartilage primordium of rib and vertebra, submandibular gland, as well as metanephros. These expression patterns are very much similar to those of Hoxc8. Since Hoxc8 has been reported to regulate apoptosis during organogenesis, it might be possible that the apoptotic function could have been conveyed through the expression of Grp78, implying that the Grp78 is one of the Hoxc8 downstream target genes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.8.1-8.11
• /
• 2016

To quantitatively estimate the influence of cuttlebone on the target strength (TS) of golden cuttlefish, the cuttlebone was carefully extracted from 19 live cuttlefish caught using traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea, in early May 2010 and the TS was measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500). The TS-length relationships for the cuttlefish (before the extraction of cuttlebone, Fish Aquat Sci. 17:361-7, 2014) and the corresponding cuttlebone were compared. The cuttlebone length ($L_b$) ranged from 151 to 195 mm (mean $L_b$ = 168.3 mm) and the mass ($W_b$) ranged from 29.3 to 53.2 g (mean $W_b$ = 38.8 g). The mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.60 dB (std = 1.12 dB) and -32.24 dB (std = 1.87 dB), respectively. The mean TS values of cuttlebone were 0.19 dB and 0.04 dB lower than those of cuttlefish at 70 and 120 kHz, respectively. For 70 and 120 kHz combined, the mean TS value of cuttlebone was -32.87 dB, 0.11 dB lower than that of cuttlefish (-32.76 dB). On the other hand, the mean TS value of cuttlebone predicted by the regression ($TS_b$ = 24.86 $log_{10}$ $L_b$ - 4.86 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.58, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01) was -33.10 dB, 0.04 dB lower than that of cuttlefish predicted by the regression ($TS_c$ = 24.62 $log_{10}$ $L_c$ - 4.62 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.64, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01). That is, the contribution of cuttlebone to the cuttlefish TS determined by the measured results was slightly greater than that by the predicted results. These results suggest that cuttlebone is responsible for the TS of cuttlefish, and the contribution is estimated to be at least 99 % of the total echo strength.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.39C no.11
• /
• pp.1050-1067
• /
• 2014

CAS(Close Air Support) is aircraft attack against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces. Immediate CAS is the mission that attack unplanned targets, and especially the distribution of suitable aircraft assets makes huge effect on the result of immediate CAS mission. But It is hard to find a previous studies on immediate CAS sortie distribution with aircraft suitability. This study suggests a methodology with aircraft suitability for immediate CAS sortie distribution. The methodology consists of 3 steps. Firstly, we analyze target information for situational awareness. Secondly, we calculate each aircraft's suitability value per each target based on the result of previous analysis. Lastly, we suggest immediate CAS sortie distribution based on the aircraft adoptability value to a decision maker. This methodology will provide not only quantitative analysis, but also decision making of immediate CAS sortie distribution more timely and effectively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2011

Aspect-oriented programming is the paradigm which extracts crosscutting concern from a system and solves scattering of a function and confusion of a code through software modularization. Existing aspect developing method has a difficult to extract a target area, so it is not easy to apply aspect mining. In an aspect minning, it is necessary a technique that convert existing program refactoring elements to crosscutting area. In the paper, it is suggested an aspect mining technique for extracting crosscutting concern in a system. Using abstract syntax structure specification, extract functional duplicated relation elements. Through Apriori algorithm, it is possible to create a duplicated syntax tree and automatic creation and optimization of a duplicated source module, target of crosscutting area. As a result of applying module of Berkeley Yacc(berbose.c) to mining process, it is confirmed that the length and volume of program has been decreased of 9.47% compared with original module, and it has been decreased of 4.92% in length and 5.11% in volume compared with CCFinder.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2011

In a SoC (system-on-chip) design, a design complexity is a big bottleneck. In order to overcome the design complexity, platform based design method is widely adopted for designers. Most complex SoCs need a heterogeneous design development environment for hardware and software co-design. In this paper, we discuss about some kinds of verification approaches with platform based design methodology at various abstraction levels of SoC design. We separate the verification process to two steps according to the different levels of verification. We employ a flexible SoC design environment to support simultaneous hardware and software development. We demonstrate the verification strategy of a target SoC design, IEEE 802.11a WLAN SoC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.173-173
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 segment target을 장착한 unbalanced magnetron sputtering을 활용하여 CrZr-Al-N 박막을 합성하고 박막의 고온안정성과 미세구조를 연구하는데 그 목적이 있다. 박막의 Al 함량을 조절하기 위하여 각 segment target은 Cr,Zr을 일정vol% 유지하며 Al vol%만 변화하여 설계하였다. 박막의 고온안정성을 실험하기 위해 각 시편은 $100{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ 사이의 온도에서 1시간씩 annealing 처리를 실시한 후에 경도를 측정하였다. 박막의 미세구조 단면을 위해 FE-SEM을 이용하였으며 이밖에 박막의 조성, 경도 및 결정구조를 측정하기 위해 EDS, microhardness testing system, XRD를 사용하였다. Al 부피비를 변화시킨 Segment target을 활용한 박막합성에서 박막의 Al함량은 각각 1/11에서 4.6at.%, 1/5에서 8.1at.%, 1/3에서 12.9at.% 로 나타났으며, 박막의 경도는 4.6~12.9at.% 사이의 Al 함량을 갖는 박막에 대해 모두 유사한 값을 가졌으며 31GPa로 측정되었다. 박막의 단면 구조 역시 4.6~12.9at.% 사이의 Al 함량을 갖는 박막에 대해 모두 columnar 구조가 관찰되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of an IMRT treatment plan according to whether there was a shell-type pseudo target during radiation therapy for patients in Stage III or IV of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: After setting an IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy, IMRT) plan for when there was a shell-type pseudo target (SPT) and when there was none (WSPT) with 22 patients in Stage III or IV of NSCLC, the investigator analyzed dose-volume histograms (DVHs) and made assessment with dosimetric comparisons such as homogeneity index (HI) inside the tumor target, conformity index (CI) of the tumor target, spinal cord maximum dose, Esophagus $V_{50%}$, mean lung dose (MLD), and $V_{40%}$, $V_{30%}$, $V_{20%}$, $V_{10%}$, $V_{5%}$. Results: The mean CI of WSPT and SPT was $1.22{\pm}0.04$ and $1.16{\pm}0.032$ ($.000^*$), respectively, and the mean HI of WSPT and SPT was $1.06{\pm}0.015$ and $1.07{\pm}0.014$ ($.000^*$), respectively. In SPT, the mean of each CI difference decreased by $-5.16{\pm}2.54%$, while HI increased by average $0.81{\pm}0.47%$. Esophagus $V_{50%}$ recorded $14.54{\pm}12.01%$ (WSPT) and $12.14{\pm}11.09%$ ($.000^*$, SPT) with the mean of SPT differences dropping by $-26.37{\pm}25.05%$. Mean spinal cord maximum dose was $3,898.44{\pm}1,075.0$ cGy (WSPT) and $3,810.8{\pm}1,134.9$ cGy ($.004^*$, SPT) with SPT dropping by average $-3.36{\pm}5.81%$. As for lung $V_{X%}$, the mean of $V_{5%}$ and $V_{10%}$ differences was $-1.62{\pm}2.29%$ ($.006^*$) and $-1.98{\pm}5.02%$ ($.005^*$), respectively with SPT making a decrease. The mean of V20%, V30%, and V40% differences was $-3.51{\pm}3.07%$ ($.000^*$), $-4.84{\pm}6.01%$ ($.000^*$), and $-6.16{\pm}8.46%$ ($.001^*$), respectively, with SPT making a decrease with statistical significance. In MLD assessment, SPT also dropped by average $-2.83{\pm}2.41%$ ($.000^*$). Those results show that SPT allows for mean 169 cGy (Max: 547 cGy, Min: 6.4 cGy) prescription dose. Conclusion: An IMRT treatment plan with SPT during radiation therapy for patients in Stage III or IV of NSCLC will help to reduce the risk of lung toxicity and radiation-induced pneumonia by cutting down radiation doses entering the normal lung, reduce the local control failure rate during radiation therapy due to increasing prescription doses to a certain degree, and increase treatment effects.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.182-189
• /
• 2011

Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) appear to play an important role in the control and prevention of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. The pp65 antigen is a structural protein, which has been defined as a potential target for effective immunity against HCMV infection. Incorporation of an 11 amino acid region of the HIV TAT protein transduction domain (Tat) into protein facilitates rapid, efficient entry into cells. Methods: To establish a strategy for the generation of HCMV-specific CTLs in vitro, recombinant truncated N- and C-terminal pp65 protein (pp65 N&C) and N- and C-terminal pp65 protein fused with Tat (Tat/pp65 N&C) was produced in E.coli system. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with pp65 N&C or Tat/pp65 N&C protein and immune responses induced was examined using IFN-${\gamma}$ ELISPOT assay, cytotoxicity assay and tetramer staining. Results: DCs pulsed with Tat/pp65N&C protein could induce higher T-cell responses in vitro compared with pp65N&C. Moreover, the DCs pulsed with Tat/pp65 N&C could stimulate both of $CD8^+$ and $CD4^+$ T-cell responses. The T cells induced by DCs pulsed with Tat/pp65 N&C showed higher cytotoxicity than that of pp65-pulsed DCs against autologous lymphoblastoid B-cell line (LCL) expressing the HCMV-pp65 antigen. Conclusion: Our results suggest that DCs pulsed with Tat/pp65 N&C protein effectively induced pp65-specific CTL in vitro. Tat fusion recombinant protein may be useful for the development of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy and DC-based vaccines.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.44 no.7
• /
• pp.458-467
• /
• 2021

GPR43 (also known as FFAR2 or FFA2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in immune cells, enteroendocrine cells and adipocytes that recognizes short-chain fatty acids, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, likely to be implicated in innate immunity and host energy homeostasis. Activated GPR43 suppresses the cAMP level and induces Ca²⁺ flux via coupling to Gα_i and Gα_q families, respectively. Additionally, GPR43 is reported to facilitate phosphorylation of ERK through G-protein-dependent pathways and interacts with β-arrestin 2 to inhibit NF-κB signaling. However, other G-protein-dependent and independent signaling pathways involving GPR43 remain to be established. Here, we have demonstrated that GPR43 augments Rho GTPase signaling. Acetate and a synthetic agonist effectively activated RhoA and stabilized YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators through interactions of GPR43 with Gα_q/11 and Gα_12/13. Acetate-induced nuclear accumulation of YAP was blocked by a GPR43-specific inverse agonist. The target genes induced by YAP/TAZ were further regulated by GPR43. Moreover, in THP-1-derived M1-like macrophage cells, the Rho-YAP/TAZ pathway was activated by acetate and a synthetic agonist. Our collective findings suggest that GPR43 acts as a mediator of the Rho-YAP/TAZ pathway.