• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

Objectives: Classifying the pattern of jaundice during diagnosis will significantly improve the outcome of common KM interventions. This study aimed at determining an objective index for accurately diagnosing heat and dampness KM patterns in patients with jaundice. Methods: We systematically reviewed laboratory findings from case reports published in the scientific literature of Korean medicine. Cases were classified as following either the heat or dampness pattern. Biochemical indices were compared using a Bayesian factor (BF) analysis and standard t-tests. Results: The laboratory findings of 32 patients were evaluated. The heat pattern was observed in 17 patients and the dampness pattern in 15. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of white blood cell count (BF=1.659); hemoglobin concentration (BF=2.627); platelet count (BF=1.019); or levels of direct bilirubin (BF=1.453), aspartate aminotransferase (BF=1.226), alanine aminotransferase (BF=1.340), alkaline phosphatase (BF=2.344), or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (BF=2.782). However, total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the dampness pattern group (BF=0.854, P-value=0.070). Conclusions: Patients with high total bilirubin levels may predominantly follow the dampness pattern, while those with low levels may predominantly follow the heat pattern. These results are expected to be useful for the development of timely and efficient KM treatments as well as new integrative therapeutic approaches for jaundice. However, further studies are essential to fully validate the utility of total bilirubin as a biomarker for differentiating between heat and dampness patterns.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.442-447
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• 2001

A 2-year-old 4.0-kg female Shih Tzu with history of hematemesis and melena was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul national University for further evaluation and treatment. During physical examination, the dog revealed mild depression, dry mucous membrane and abdominal pain. Hematologic values were normal and serum chemical values showed increased serum bile acid (53.47 umol/l, preprandial), fasting serum ammonia concentration (184 g/dl), alanine transferase (98 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (871 U/L) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (21 U/L), and decreased blood urea nitrogen (4 mg/dl), total protein (4.1 g/dl) and albumin (1.2 g/dl). Microhepatica was shown in abdominal radiography. During the ultrasound examination, dilated tortuous vein communicating with caudal vena cava ws observed near the stomach. Intraoperative jejunal vein portography was performed during laparotomy to confirm the location and size of shunt vessel. According to history taking, physical examination, hematologic and serum chemical examination and radiographic study, it was diagnosed as single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The anomalous vessel (7 mm, o.d.) that enter the caudal vena cava from the left gastric vein, near the level of the diaphragm, was identified. A Ameroid constrictor (5 mm, i.d.) was applied to the shunting vessel near the caudal vena cava. Hematologic and serum chemical values recovered gradually and were revealed normal values 4 months after surgery. Four month after surgery serum bile acids concentrations were 0.56 $\mu$mol/l (preprandial) and 18.45 umol/l (postprandial). Abdominal radiograph showed normal gastric axis and it revealed normal size of the liver. Fine texture and increased echogenecity of liver and enlargement of portal vein were shown in ultrasonography. Single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt might be treated surgically using Ameroid constrictor.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of ethanolic extract on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, AIT, AIP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters In serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with the extract. The normal values for AST (IU/L), AIP (IU/I), protein (g/100 ml) and total lipids (mg/100 ml) in serum (i.e.,20.24, 70.04, 5.72 and 135.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 32.61, 127.11, 3.83 and 265.91 in hepatotoxic rats. These parameters Attained near normal values (I.e.,22.82, 79.30, 5.22 and 151.24 for AST, AIP protein and total lipids respectively) in ethanolic extract co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of $CCl_4$ treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Thus the study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

Recently, herbal drugs haver been used world wide. and generally regarded as safe with no serious adverse reaction. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of frequent cause of liver diseases. If DILI is not treated, it can be developed into liver cirrhosis, hepatoma, etc. Currently, DILI has been reported to be common cause of acute hepatitis, and oriental medicine and folk remedy are not exception. We encountered one case of DILI, cause by folk remedy. Patients complained chest discomfort, yellow skin and urine, nausea, vomiting. Lab test showed elevated level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (r-GTP), total bilirubin (TB). We estimated acute DILI and stopped taking folk medication made by himself. After 1 week of treatment, the clinical symptoms and liver function improved. Genetic and environmental factors as well as drug itself decide the hepatic toxicity, and the major DILI are belonged in acute type. So we need to get more attention to folk medication to help preventing the DILI cause by folk remedy.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.949-957
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to report a case of alcoholic liver disease with jaundice that was improved with Korean medicine treatment. Methods: A patient who developed jaundice due to continuous drinking was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping. Blood tests were performed to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), total bilirubin, albumin, and total protein; AST/ALT ratio; and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Jaundice parameters were subjectively recorded at 3-day intervals. Results: After treatment, the AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GTP, and total bilirubin levels; MCV; and jaundice were decreased. Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment appeared to be an effective method for alcoholic liver disease with jaundice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.909-913
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• 2013

Purpose: The liver is the organ to which colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) most commonly metastasize, and surgical resection has been established as the most effective and potentially curative treatment for CRC with liver metastasis (LM). Therefore, surveillance of LM is vital for improvement of prognosis of CRC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and marker enzymes in indicating LM with CRC. Methods: Three groups of eligible patients with metastatic cancers were retrospectively included: CRC patients with LM (CRC-LM) or without LM (CRC-NLM), and non-CRC patients with LM (NCRC-LM). All metastatic lesions were identified by CT or MRI. Data on characteristics of the patients, the primary site, the locations of metastasis, CA 19-9, CEA, and biochemical parameters were collected for analysis. Results: A total of 493 patients were retrospectively included. More alcohol consumption was found in CRC-LM than CRC-NLM. Some biochemical enzymes were found to be significantly higher in groups with LM than without (CRC-LM or NCRC-LM v.s CRC-NLM). Both CEA and CA 19-9 were much higher in CRC-LM than CRC-NLM or NCRC-LM. For CRC patients, CA 19-9, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase, CEA and alcohol consumption were identified as independent factors associated with LM. Conclusion: Our analysis suggested the CA 19-9 might be a potential valuable indicator for LM of CRC in the clinic.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2007

양파추출물이 알코올성 지방간에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 흰쥐를 meal-feeding 방법으로 모든 쥐가 매일 같은 양의 식이를 공급받는 실험조건 하에서 에탄올 없이 정상식이만 섭취한 대조군, 에탄올과 정상식이와 함께 투여한 에탄올군, 양파추출물과 에탄올을 정상식이와 함께 투여한 에탄올양파추출물군으로 5마리씩 3그룹으로 나누어 사육하였다. 양파 추출물을 28일간 흰쥐에게 먹여 체중의 변화, 장기 무게 변화, 혈청 중의 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP), total bilirubin, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride를 생화학적 검사를 통해 양파추출물이 에탄올로 유도된 지방간을 예방, 개선하는지 연구하였다. 대조군과 실험군 둘다 연구 시작부터 끝까지 지속적으로 체중 증가를 보였으나 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 장기 무게는 각각의 그룹 간장, 신장, 심장, 비장, 고환 등의 무게에서 유의적인 차이점이 없었다. 혈중의 지방 변화를 보면 에탄올군에서는 혈중 중성지방이 유의적으로 증가하였고, 에탄올양파추출물군에서는 혈중 중성지방이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 대조군과 에탄올양파추출물군 간에는 유의점이 없었다. GOT, GPT, ALP, GTP 의 4주간 실험한 혈중 농도에서 GOT와 GPT가 에탄올군에서 유의적으로 높았고, 에탄올양파추출물군에서는 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 실험 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 양파추출물을 에탄올 식이와 함께 흰쥐에게 28일간 공급하였을 때, 지방간 관련 대표적인 혈액 지표인, 중성지방, GOT, GPT의 농도가 유의적으로 감소한다는 것을 이 실험을 통해서 확인할수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

본 시험은 커피박 첨가 사료가 육계의 사양 성적, 소장 점막 세포와 혈액의 생화학 성분, 소장 점막 세포의 효소 활성도 및 맹장 미생물의 균총에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 실험 설계로서 3일령 육계 162수를 각 처리구당 54수씩(n=6, 9수/케이지), 대조군(CON), 커피박 0.5%(CM I) 및 1.0%(CM II) 등 3 처리군에 완전임의 배치하였으며, 커피박 분말은 육계 후기 사양 기간(22~35일령)에 2주 동안 급여하였다. 사양 시험 결과, 커피박 0.5 및 1.0% 첨가는 사양 성적에는 유의적 영향을 미치지 않았다. 소장 점막 세포의 glucose 농도는 커피박 0.5% 및 1.0% 첨가군에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되는 것으로 나타났으나(P< 0.05), 혈액에서는 처리군 간에는 차이가 없었다. 혈액 중 aspartate aminotransferase(AST)는 커피박 1.0% 군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나(P<0.05), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl trans- peptidase(${\gamma}$-GTP)는 처리군간 차이가 없었다. 소장 점막 세포에 존재하는 maltase, leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) 및 alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 활성도는 차이가 없었으나, sucrase 활성도는 커피박 첨가 수준에 비례하여 활성도가 현저히 감소되었다(P<0.05). 맹장의 미생물 균총을 분석한 결과, 대조군에 비해 커피박 첨가군(0.5 및 1.0%)에서 유산균에는 차이가 없었지만, 대장균 균총은 현저히 감소되었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 커피박 1.0% 첨가 사료는 소장 점막세포의 glucose와 sucrase 활성도 감소와 혈액 AST의 농도를 증가시켜 부정적인 영향이 크므로 0.5% 커피박 첨가군이 생리적 지표에 미치는 영향이 적고, 맹장에서 대장균의 성장을 억제하는 항균 효과가 있으므로 육계 사료의 기능성 소재로서 바람직한 적정한 수준이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.925-935
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• 1996

연구목적: ARDS 발병기전의 일단을 알아보기 위하여 실험동물에서 ARDS와 같은 병변을 유도하는 N-nitroso-N-methylurethane(NNNMU)로 흰쥐에서 급성 폐손상을 유도하였다. ARDS에서의 제 II형 폐포세포의 기능 및 형태학적인 변화가 폐포강 내로의 단백질 이동과 관계 있다고 생각되므로 surfactant를 정량하고 동시에 gamma glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)의 활성도를 측정하였다. 그리고 백혈구와 연관된 free radical의 역할을 알아보고자 phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$)의 활성도도 측정하였다. 이때 $PLA_2$의 inhibitor인 dexamethasone을 이용하여 $PLA_2$가 ARDS 발병에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자하였다. 방법: NNNMU에 의해 나타나는 폐부종의 확인을 위해 체중에 대한 폐장의 무게의 비를 계산하였고, 제 II형 폐포세포의 기능을 알아보기 위하여 surfactant의 양 및 GGT의 활성도를 측정하였다. 또한 염증세포의 침윤 및 제 II형 폐포세포의 형태학적인 변화를 광학 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 확인 하였으며 $PLA_2$의 활성도도 측정 하였다. 또한 이 모든 실험을 dexamethasone을 투여한 군에서도 시행하여 $PLA_2$의 억제로 나타나는 효과를 관찰하였다. 결과: NNNMU로 유도된 ARDS와 유사한 급성폐손상시 dexarnethasone은 폐부종을 감소시키고 GGT 및 $PLA_2$의 활성도를 감소시켰다. 형태학적으로는 염증세포 침윤의 감소가 관찰되었으며 병리학적인 소견도 호전시켰다. 결론: ARDS의 병인 중 $PLA_2$의 활성화가 염증세포의 침윤을 증가시키고 동시에 resprratory burst에 의한 free radical의 생성과 그 작용이 급성 폐손상의 중요한 기전으로 생각된다. 특히 $PLA_2$는 백혈구 세포막의 NADPH oxidase의 활성화에 따른 free radical의 생성뿐만 아니라 lipid medialor의 생성에도 관여하여 폐부종을 야기하는 중요한 요소가 되는데, 과량의 dexamethasone 은 $PLA_2$를 억제함으로써 이러한 변화를 감소시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7327-7331
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• 2014

Background: We had previously showed that the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are prognostic factors for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. In this study we developed a prognostic model based on these three indices. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 patients who were initially diagnosed as mCRC between 2005 and 2010 in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were studied. The endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: NLR>3, elevated GGT and elevated CEA were confirmed as independent risk factors which could predict poor prognosis. Patients could be divided into three groups according to the number of risk factors they had. Those with two or three were defined as the high risk group, individuals with one risk factor as the modest risk group and patients without risk factor as the low risk group. The OS values for these three groups were 16.2 months (2.80~68.8), 24.2 months (4.07~79.0), and 37.2 months (12.6~87.8), respectively (p<0.001). Conclusions: We developed a simple but useful model based on NLR, GGT and CEA to provide prognostic information to clinical practice in highly selected mCRC patients. Further prospective and multi-center studies are warranted to test our model.