• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.488-492
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the influcence of various dietary fiber sources in Korea for activities of bacterial enzymes (${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase) and amounts of putrefactive product (indole) in aged rats. ${\beta}$-Glucosidase activity in the intestinal content was significantly lower in the seamustard 15% group than in other groups whereas the activity of ${\beta}$-glucuronidase was higher in the mugwort 15% group than other experimental groups. The amount of indole and pH in the intestinal content of aged rats were significantly lower in mugwort groups than in other groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.214.2-214.2
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• 1992

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1650-1655
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• 2009

The $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) gene from Lactobacillus brevis RO1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli GMS407. The GUS gene was composed of 1,812 bp, encoding a 603-amino-acid protein belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 2 with three conserved domains. The amino acid similarity was higher than 70% with the $\beta$-glucuronidases of various microorganisms, yet less than 58% with the $\beta$-glucuronidase of L. gasseri ADH. Overexpression and purification of the GUS was performed in $\beta$-glucuronidase-deficient E. coli GMS407. The purified GUS protein was 71 kDa and showed 1,284 U/mg of specific activity at optimum conditions of pH 5.0 and $37^{\circ}C$. At $37^{\circ}C$, the GUS remained stable for 80 min at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.0. The purified enzyme exhibited a half-life of 1 h at $60^{\circ}C$ and more than 2 h at $50^{\circ}C$. When the purified GUS was applied to transform baicalin and wogonoside into their corresponding aglycones, $150\;{\mu}M$ of baicalin and $125\;{\mu}M$ of wogonoside were completely transformed into baicalein and wogonin, respectively, within 3 h.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제11권
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• pp.11-17
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• 1993

완두에 있어서 보다 효율적인 형질전환 방법을 모색하고 형질전환된 개체를 얻고자 본 실험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 형질전환은 발아중인 완두의 생장점(shoot tip)을 제거한 다음 T-DNA내에 GUS gene과 neomycin phosphotransferase II gene이 들어있는 binary vector를 가진 Agrobacterium tumefaciens를 생장점을 제거한 부위에 감염시켰다. 감염 후 새로 형성된 shoot는 개체당 4~5개였으며, 그중 GUS유전자가 발현하는 shoot만을 정상적인 식물체로 분화 시켰다. 감염부위에서 형성된 shoot에서의 GUS유전자의 발현빈도는 10%내외였다. 이들 개체로 부터 genomic DNA를 분리하여 Dot blot hybridization분석 결과 T-DNA가 식물체 내에 존재함을 알 수 있었고, 수확한 종자를 발아시켜 Sorthern blot hybridization한 결과 T-DNA가 다음세대로 전달되었음이 확인되었으며 형질전환율은 2%이내였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2004

The effects of kimchis intake on Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach, the counts of lactic acid bacteria in the large intestine, and bacterial enzymes ($\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase) and pH in feces were examined. A total of 20 participants (age range 34 ∼ 57) were assessed for H. pylori infection status by Be urea breath test. Fourteen participants were eliminated because they were H. pylori-negative. This study consisted of 4 consecutive phase, each of which lasted 4 weeks. Three hundred grams of kimchi were administered to H. pylori-infected subjects during the kimchi phase, followed by 4 weeks of control phase. During the control phase, subjects consumed 60 g of kimchi, the minimum amount in their customary diets. All participants were found to be H. pylori-positive during all experimental periods. During the kimchi phase, delta over baseline (DOB) level was lower than during the control phase, although significant difference between the kimchi and control phases were not found (p=0.9439). However, the counts of Lactobacillus sp. and Leuconostoc sp. significantly (p < 0.0005) increased during the kimchi phase. $\beta$-Glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase activities and pH were significantly decreased by kimchi intake compared to control (p=0.000l). These results suggested that kimchi consumption did not show any therapeutic effect on H. pylori in the stomach. However, kimchi seemed to be a good food for colon health, since it increased the beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and decreased toxic enzyme ($\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$-glucuronidase) activity and pH.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1998

Flavonoid glycosides were metabolized to phenolic acids via aglycones by human intestinal microflora producing ${\alpha}$-rhamnosidase, exo-${\beta}$-glucosidase, endo- ${\beta}$-glucosidase and/or ${\beta}$-glucuronidase. Rutin, hesperidin, naringin and poncirin were transformed to their aglycones by the bacteria producing ${\alpha}$-rhamnosidase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase or endo- ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and baicatin, puerarin and daidzin were transformed to their aglycones by the bacteria producing ${\beta}$glucuronidase, C-glycosidase and ${\beta}$-glycosidase, respectively. Anti-platelet activity and cytotoxicity of the metabolites of flavonoid glycosides by human intestinal bacteria were more effective than those of the parental compounds. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyl-phenylacetic acid were more effective than rutin and quercetin on anti-platelet aggregation activity. 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzaidehyde, quercetin and ponciretin were more effective than rutin and ponciretin on the cytotoxicity for tumor cell lines. We insist that these flavonoid glycosides should be natural prodrugs.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.159-172
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• 1991

흰쥐 부정소 정자의 성숙 전후에 일어나는 변화를 몇가지 효소를 중심으로 관찰하였고 그 성숙과정중에 일어나는 상피세포, 내강 및 정자 사이의 상호관계를 알아보기 위하여 실험군 별로 몇가지 효소의 활성도와 탄수화물 잔기의 함량을 측정하였으며, 전기영동을 이용하여 각 군의 차이를 관찰하고 이에 대한 웅성호르몬의 관련성을 알아보았다. 1. 부정소 두 정자와 부정소미 정자에서 활성도 측정시 lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase 및 Na+ -K+ -ATPase의 경우는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, $Mg^2$+-ATPase의 경우만이 부정소미 정자가 부정소두 정자보다 유의성 있게 높은 활성도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부정소두와 부정소미 상피세포 , 내강 및 정자의 세군으로 나누어 각각 탄수화물 잔기를 정량하였을 때 hexosamine은 상피세포에서, sialic acid는 상피세포와 내강액에서 부정소미의 경우가 더 높은 함량이 존재하였으며, 내강액과 정자의 crude membrance fraction을 SDS-PAGE 했을 때 분자량이 33-37 KD 사이에 존재하던 band가 부정소미 내강액과 부정소미 정자의 crude membrance fraction에서 관찰되었으므로 흰쥐에서 정자의 성숙과정과 관련된 부정소내의 여러 변화를 비교하는 자료가 될 수 있었다. 2. 부정소 내강액에서 $\beta$ -glucuronidase와 $\beta$ -glucosidase의 활성도 및 웅성호르몬에 대한 의존성을 측정하였을 때 거세 후 5일째부터 이 두 효소의 활성도가 모두 유의하게 감소하기 시작하였고, tentosterone을 투여하였을 때는 $\beta$ -glucuronidase는 투여 5일, $\beta$ -glucosidase는 투여 10일 후부터 유의하게 증가하였으며 웅성호르몬에 대한 내강액의 의존성을 알아보기 위하여 SDS-PAGE하였을 때 tentosterone투여군의 부정소두에서 분자량이 약 21 KD에 해당하는 band를 새로이 관찰하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1576-1582
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• 2021

Bacterial β-glucuronidase in the intestine is involved in the conversion of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptochecin glucuronide (derived from irinotecan) to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, which causes intestinal bleeding and diarrhea (side effects of anti-cancer drugs). Twelve compounds (1-12) from Polygala tenuifolia were evaluated in terms of β-glucuronidase inhibition in vitro. 4-O-Benzoyl-3'-O-(O-methylsinapoyl) sucrose (C3) was highly inhibitory at low concentrations. C3 (an uncompetitive inhibitor) exhibited a k_i value of 13.4 μM; inhibitory activity increased as the substrate concentration rose. Molecular simulation revealed that C3 bound principally to the Gln158-Tyr160 enzyme loop. Thus, C3 will serve as a lead compound for development of new β-glucuronidase inhibitors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.749-755
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• 2014

Background: Purple rice has become a natural product of interest which is widely used for health promotion. This study investigated the preventive effect of purple rice extract (PRE) mixed diet on DMH initiation of colon carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed with PRE mixed diet one week before injection of DMH (40 mg/kg of body weight once a week for 2 weeks). They were killed 12 hrs after a second DMH injection to measure the level of $O^6$-methylguanine and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities. Results: In rats that received PRE, guanine methylation was reduced in the colonic mucosa, but not in the liver, whereas PRE did not affect xenobiotic conjugation, with reference to glutathione-S-transferase or UDP-glucuronyl transferase. After 5 weeks, rats that received PRE with DMH injection had fewer ACF in the colon than those treated with DMH alone. Interestingly, a PRE mixed diet inhibited the activity of bacterial ${\beta}$-glucuronidase in rat feces, a critical enzyme for free methylazoxymethanol (MAM) release in the rat colon. These results indicated that purple rice extract inhibited ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity in the colonic lumen, causing a reduction of MAM-induced colonic mucosa DNA methylation, leaded to decelerated formation of aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon. Conclusions: The supplemented purple rice extract might thus prevent colon carcinogenesis by the alteration of the colonic environment, and thus could be further developed for neutraceutical products for colon cancer prevention.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.242-242
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• 1994

Cortex mori (Morus alba L.), the root bark of mulberry tree, has been used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Cortex mori could inhibit the ovalbumin (OA) -induced late asthmatic reaction in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were sensitized by two exposures to an aerosol of OA(1.0%) and then challenged with aerosolized antigen(2.0%), The animals were pretreated by three inhalations of the aerosoled Cortex mori either before antigen sensitization or cahllenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and peripheral blood were collected at 17 hours after OA challenge. The cell populations in BALF and peripheral blood were examined to determine the changes of the relative proportions of eosinophils,neutrophils and mononuclear cells etc. Beta-glucuronidase activity in BALF was measured to evaluate the alveolar macrophage activation. OA-induced histamine release from guinea pig peritoneal fluid cells was measured by radioisotope enzymatic asssay. Results were as follows. The number of eosinophils, neutriphils and lymphocytes recovered in BALF were significantly increased in the 17h following aerosol challenge with OA. Among them, eosinophil and neutriphils were decreased remarkably in group that had been preinhalated with Cortex mori. The number of lymphocytes in BALF were not decreased in group pretreated with CM before sensitization but decreased in Group pretreated with CM before challenge. After OA challenge, the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood were markedly increased, but Cortex mori inhibited significantly the OA-induced eosinophilia. Beta-glucuronidase activity in the supernatants of BALF were significantly increased in the 17h following aerosol challenge with OA, however, pretreatment of Cortex mori had no influence on Beta-glucuronidase activity, suggesting that Cortex mori had no inhibitory effect on OA-induced alveolar macrophage activation. Cortex mori inhibited the OA-induced histamine release from guinea pig peritoneal fluid cells. From the above results, it is suggested that Cortex mori contains some substances with an activity to inhibit the the OA-induced late phase reaction of the bronchial asthma in guinea pigs.