• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.123-126
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• 1995

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

Few $\alpha$-Hydroxy-$\beta$-amino acids were synthesized via various nucleophilic addition of the epoxide and followed by stereoselective nucleophilic substitution reaction and eliminative cleavage of the acetal selectively in diacetal compound. One of the synthesized $\alpha$-Hydroxy-$\beta$-amino acid reacted with L-leucine methylester to give corresponding dipeptide in good yields.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1973

34종의 Hexachlorophene유도체가 합성되었으며 그 각각의 화합물에 대하여 항균성시험이 행해졌다. 검정균은 세종류의 세균과 무좀균(백성균)을 포함한 5종류의 진균류이다. 시험결과는 1. 2,2'-Methylene bis [$\alpha$-(3,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)-$\beta$-(N,N-diethylamino) propionic acid] 및 2,2'-methylene bis [$\alpha$-3,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)-$\beta$-(N,N-dimethylamino) propionic acid] 는 Sta. aureus와 B.subtilis에 대해 강한 항균작용을 나타냈다. 2. 2,2'-methylene bis [$\alpha$-(3,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)-$\beta$-(m-hydroxy-p-carbozyphenylarnino ) propionic acid]는 특히 진균류의 생장저해작용이 강하며 Trichophyton rubrum 및 Microsporum gypseum에는 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 농도에서 항균성을 가지며, Epidermophyton floccosum Aspergillus niger 및 Aspergillus oryzae에 대해서는 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 농도에서 항균성을 나타냄으로서 Hexachlorophene 항균성의 10배 내지 50배의 항균력을 가진다. 3. 34종류의 합성물질중 원 Hexachlorophene에 비해 5종류의 진균류에 대해 부분적으로나마 강한 항균력을 나타내는 물질은 23종류였고 3종류의 세균에 대해선 13종류였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2014

44 compounds and 9 minerals were isolated from and detected in the New Zealand deer velvet antler Cervus elaphus var. scoticus L$\ddot{o}$nnberg. The chemical structures of (1 - 26) were identified on the basis of the spectroscopic methods and comparisons with literature, respectively. The structures were identified as cholesterol (CS, 6), 7-keto-CS (7), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS (8), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS (9), and included 12 steroid $3{\beta}$-O-(palmitic/stearic/myristic acid esters; PM/SA/MS) [CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (1 - 1), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (1 - 2), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (1 - 3), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (2 - 1), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (2 - 2), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (2 - 3), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (3 -1), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (3 - 2), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (3 - 3), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (4 - 1), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (4 - 2), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (4 - 3)], dinonyl phthalate (5), 8 nucleic acids analogues [uracil (10), deoxyguanosine (11), deoxyuridine (12), uridine (13), deoxyadenosine (14), adenosine (15), inosine (16), and guanosine (17)], and the 9 free amino acids [L-phenylalanine (18), L-isoleucine (19), L-leucine (20), L-tyrosine (21), L-valine (22), L-proline (23), L-threonine (24), L-alanine (25), and L-hydroxyproline (26)]. Also, there are 8 kinds of amino acids [asparagine, serine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, arginine, methionine, and lysine], 2 sialic acids [N-acetylneuraminic acid (27), ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (28)], and 9 minerals [Na > K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Al > Cu] were detected from the autoaminoacid analyzer and ICP spectrometer, HPAEC-PAD/HPLC-FLD, respectively. 9 kinds of oxycholesterol-$3{\beta}$-O-fatty acid ester (2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3, 3 - 1, 3 - 2, 3 - 3, 4 - 1, 4 - 2, and 4 - 3) and 3 nucleic acids (12, 14, and 15) were isolated from the velvet antler for the first time. 6 kinds of steroids (7, 8, 9, 2 - 1, 3 - 1, and 4 - 1) were examined for their anti-proliferative effects against L1210, P388D1, K562, MEG-01, KG-1, MOLT-4, A549, HepG2, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and SW-620 cancer cell lines. They showed anti-proliferative effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.06, 2.16, 2.42, > 50.0, 1.66 and $8.31{\mu}M$ against L1210, while the values were 24.05, 9.44, 5.22, 0.25. 9.48 and $49.77{\mu}M$ against P388D1, respectively. The others were inactive.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1211-1218
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• 2006

The enantiomerically pure (2R,3S)- and (2R,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acids (AHPBA) 1 and 3 are readily obtained from D-glucono-a-lactone. Both AHPBAs are the structural key units of KMI derivatives which are the potent inhibitors of BACE 1 ($\beta$-secretase) and HIV protease. Additionally, the obtained AHPBAs 1 and 3 are converted to dipeptides of bestatin stereoisomers 2 and 4.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2015

두 종류의 새로운 베스타틴(bestatin) 유사체를 $\small{D}$-leucine과 $\small{D}$-valine으로부터 효율적이면서 입체선택적으로 합성하였다. 아미노펩티데이즈 억제제인 베스타틴은 면역조절 효과를 보이며 급성백혈병 치료제로 상품화되어 있다. 주요 중간체인 trans-옥사졸리딘 메틸에스터 2a와 2b는 페닐설포닐나이트로메테인($PhSO_2CH_2NO_2$)과 N-하이드록시 메틸기가 보호기로 도입된 ${\alpha}$-아미노 알데하이드(4a와 4b) 간의 일련의 세 단계 연속반응과 연이은 가오존분해 반응으로부터 20 : 1 이상의 입체선택성으로 합성되었다. 2a와 2b의 가수분해 반응 후에 $\small{L}$-Leu-OMe와의 펩타이드 결합을 통하여 베스타틴의 새로운 유사체인 3a와 3b를 보호기가 도입된 형태로 얻었다. 이소부틸기와 이소프로필기를 갖는 두 종류의 새로운 베스타틴 유사체(1a와 1b)는 해당 ${\alpha}$-아미노알데하이드 4로부터 높은 입체선택성으로 6단계에 걸쳐 각각 51%와 38%의 수율로 합성되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.36-36
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• 2017

Out of twenty common protein amino acids, there are many kinds of non protein amino acids (NPAAs) that exist as secondary metabolites and exert ecological functions in plants. Mimosine (Mim), one of those NPAAs derived from L. leucocephala acts as an iron chelator and reversely block mammalian cell cycle at G1/S phases. Cysteine (Cys) is decisive for protein and glutathione that acts as an indispensable sulfur grantor for methionine and many other sulfur-containing secondary products. Cys biosynthesis includes consecutive two steps using two enzymes-serine acetyl transferase (SAT) and O-acetylserine (thiol)lyase (OASTL) and appeared in plant cytosol, chloroplast, and mitochondria. In the first step, the acetylation of the ${\beta}$-hydroxyl of L-serine by acetyl-CoA in the existence of SAT and finally, OASTL triggers ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-elimination of acetate from OAS and bind $H_2S$ to catalyze the synthesis of Cys. Mimosine synthase, one of the isozymes of the OASTLs, is able to synthesize Mim with 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P) instead of $H_2S$ for Cys in the last step. Thus, the aim of this study was to clone and characterize the cytosolic (Cy) OASTL gene from L. leucocephala, express the recombinant OASTL in Escherichia coli, purify it, do enzyme kinetic analysis, perform docking dynamics simulation analysis between the receptor and the ligands and compare its performance between Cys and Mim synthesis. Cy-OASTL was obtained through both directional degenerate primers corresponding to conserved amino acid region among plant Cys synthase family and the purified protein was 34.3KDa. After cleaving the GST-tag, Cy-OASTL was observed to form mimosine with 3H4P and OAS. The optimum Cys and Mim reaction pH and temperature were 7.5 and $40^{\circ}C$, and 8.0 and $35^{\circ}C$ respectively. Michaelis constant (Km) values of OAS from Cys were higher than the OAS from Mim. Inter fragment interaction energy (IFIE) of substrate OAS-Cy-OASTL complex model showed that Lys, Thr81, Thr77 and Gln150 demonstrated higher attraction force for Cys but 3H4P-mimosine synthase-OAS intermediate complex showed that Gly230, Tyr227, Ala231, Gly228 and Gly232 might provide higher attraction energy for the Mim. It may be concluded that Cy-OASTL demonstrates a dual role in biosynthesis both Cys and Mim and extending the knowledge on the biochemical regulatory mechanism of mimosine and cysteine.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1386-1396
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• 2021

Copper is an essential mineral for pigs, thus it is used as a feed additive in the forms of copper sulfate. Therefore, this study aimed at characterizing the fecal microbiota shifts in pigs as fed by different forms of copper supplementation. 40 growing pigs aged 73 ± 1 days with an average weight of 30.22 ± 1.92kg were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (CON) fed with basal diet, while treatment groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 ppm/kg of copper sulfate (CuSO₄), Cu-glycine complex (CuGly), Cu-amino acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy(4methylthio)butanoate chelate complex (CuHMB) for 28 days of trial, respectively. The data presented the comparison between inorganic and organic copper supplementation through gut microbiota in growing pigs. Alpha and Beta diversity anaylsis resulted in copper supplementation did shifted gut microbioal community structure. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla at all times regardless of treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, and SMB53 of the CuGly and CuHMB groups were significantly higher than those of copper sulfate and basal diet groups. Overall, this study may provide the potential role of organic copper replacing inorganic copper, resulting in increased beneficial bacteria in the pig gut.