• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 1993

The changes in the concentration of toropherol and carotenoid in pinenut oil at various stage of refining are studied during autoxidation. The oxidative stability of pinenut oil decreased with the refining degree increased. The tocopheol content of total crude oil was 55.51mg/100g oil and $\alpha$, ${\gamma}$and $\beta$-tocopherol in the crude oil were 25.48mg, 23.94mg and 6.99mg in order, respectively. The amount of $\delta$-tocopherol was trace. The concentrations of $\alpha$, ${\gamma}$ and $\beta$-tocopherol in pinenut oil after degumming or alkaline refining were 23. 85mg, 19.79mg and 6.12mg or 24.08mg, 24.04mg and 5.33mg, respectively. The content of f-carotene was 0.63% of total unsaponifiable materials and that of lycopene was trace. The concentrations of carotenoids and toropherols in pinenut oil decreased while autoxidation progressed. Degrees of destruction of carotenoids and toropherols. were significant at first stage of oxidation. Decrease in $\alpha$-toropherol was found to be faster than that in $\alpha$, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol during oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2018

Horse fat was extracted from fatty horse meat at $70^{\circ}C$ under vacuum conditions. The oxidative stability of horse fat was investigated by the addition of 0, 30, 60, and 150 mg/kg of ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$-, or ${\delta}$-tocopherol during storage of 14 days at $65^{\circ}C$ in the dark. Changes of tocopherol concentration and fatty acid composition, peroxide value, and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were analyzed during storage. The levels of the added tocopherols were found to decrease during storage. Unsaturated fatty acids contents of horse fat without tocopherol decreased from 60.87% to 57.22% after 14 days. The peroxide value and TBA value increased as storage time increased. The peroxide values of horse fat after addition of 0, 30, 60, and 150 mg/kg of ${\gamma}$-tocopherol were 43.75, 25.17, 20.87, and 15.41 meq/kg, respectively, and the TBA values were 7.87, 5.64, 4.43, and 4.23 mg malonaldehyde (MA)/kg, respectively, after 14 days. At the concentration of 150 mg/kg, both ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-tocopherol impeded the oxidation of horse fat during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 1992

In order to investigate the effect of tannic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol on methyl linoleate autoxidation and on inhibition activity of lipoxygenase in phospholipid, the rate of formation of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide was measured by HPLC. The reaction mixture contained methyl linoleate 70mM, radical initiator AMVN 0.7mM, tannic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 0.7mM, each, in a mixture of hexane/isopropanol(1 : 1, v/v). Under this reaction condition, tannic acid was good enough antioxidant. The tannic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol for the inhibition activivity of lipoxygenase were measured at the reaction conditions: phospholipid $1{\mu}M$. tannic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were reacted as an inhibitor of lipoxygenase in phospholipid, especialy in phosphatidy lcholine.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2007

The thermal degradation kinetics of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols was studied during heating at 100, 150 200 and 250$^{\circ}C$ for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min in the absence of oxygen. The tocopherols were separated by HPLC using a reversed phase ${\mu}$-Bondapak C$_{18}$-column with two kinds of elution solvent system in a gradient mode. The kinetics for degradation of ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$- and ${\delta}$-tocopherols was analyzed as a function of temperatures and times. The degradation of tocopherols was described by the first-order kinetics in the absence of oxygen. The rate of tocopherols degradation was dependent on heating temperatures. The degradation rate constants for ${\alpha}$-, ${\gamma}$ and ${\delta}$-tocopherols showed an increasing trend as the heating temperature increased. The magnitude order of the experimental activation energy was ${\delta}$->${\gamma}$->${\alpha}$-tocopherol.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

This study has been conducted to see influence of fibroid hepatic tissue on alpha-tocopherol and its histologic changes. Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups, one where fibrosis was caused by carbon tetrachloride and the other where alpha-tocopherol and carbon tetrachloride were administered together and another normal group. Results of test showed fibrosis reaction is weak compared to the group administered with carbon tetrachloride in the group administered with alpha-tocopherol. In conclusion, we could observe proliferation of collagen fibers through Hematoxylin&Eosin and Massom trichrom dye and increase in ALT, AST, ALP in fibroid hepatic tissues, indicating convergence anti-oxidation reaction by changes of alpha-tocopherol intake. Thus, it is considered that we can expect to utilize alpha-tocopherol as secondary treatment and find clinical meanings of diagnosis on hepatic diseases through results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 1993

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of ascorbate and $\alpha$-tocopherol administration on the biochemical parameters of liver function and hydroperoxidation in liver of chronically ethanol-treated rats. Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing about 120g were used for this experiment and divided into the following 5 groups: control group (CON), ethanol control group (ECON), ascorbate treated group (EASC), $\alpha$-tocopherol treated group (ETOC) and ascorbate.$\alpha$-tocopherol mixture treated group(EASC + ETOC). Ethanol was administered orally by 5ml per kg, body weight per day for 8weeks. Antioxidants treated groups were administered orally by 5mg per kg body weight per day in saline solution for 3 weeks. Lipid hydroperoxides were analyzed by using chemiluminescense-high performance liquid chromatography (CL-HPLC) method phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide value (PCOOH) in liver tissues. Ethanol treatment significantly (p<0.05) resulted in an increase in GPT and GOT activities and liver hydroperoxide values comparing with the untreated control, while administration of $\alpha$-tocopherol and ascorbate+$\alpha$-tocopherol to the chronically ethanol-treated rats significantly (p<0.001) decreased GPT and GOT activities and liver hydroperoxide value. These results indicate that dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol and $\alpha$-tocopherol combined with ascorbate administration may inhibit the formation of liver lipid hydroperoxidation in vivo and were very effective in recovering the liver function in chronically ethanol-treated rats.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1992

The concentrations of tocopherols and lipids, and compositions of fatty acids in the seeds of thirteen pulse plants, which are used for the raw materials of our traditional food as well as for the typical nutrients in Korea, were analyzed by HPLC and GC. The beans showed great differences of the tocopherol concentrations from 4.74 to 44.05 mg/100g, which were in the order of ${\gamma}->{\delta}->{\alpha}-tocopherol$ with the exception of the order of ${\delta}->{\gamma}->{\alpha}-tocopherol$ in jeock sodu and gal sodu of azuki bean. The contents of lipids were also remarkably different as 0.53 to 20.96%. Especially, the beans having from 15.78 to 20.96% of lipid contents showed high composition ratios of unsaturated fatty acid between 85.6 to 88.2%, of which the contents of linoleic acid were the highest as 56.0 to 58.6% of the total fatty acids, and also showed comparatively high concentrations of tocopherols as 23.2 to 44.05 mg/100g. There were significantly positive correlation between ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ and unsaturated fatty acids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1992

Starch solid system was used to investigate the effects of lipoxygenase, linoleic acid and water activity on the oxidation of ${\beta}-carotene$ or ${\alpha}-tocopherol$. ${\beta}-carotene$ or ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ was co-oxidized severely with linoleic acid by lipoxygenase, and these were reduced to 19% and 5% of initial concentration, respectively, after 2 days storage at $a_w$ 0.72 in the system. The concentration of ${\beta}-carotene$ and the destruction rates were linearly correlated. However, the ${\beta}-carotene$ was very stable in the system without linoleic acid and lipoxygenase. The oxidation products of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were considered as ${\alpha}-tocopheryl$ quinone and ${\alpha}-tocopheryl$ dimer, and the level of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ quinone increased as the reaction time increased.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.337-347
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• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E ($\alpha$-tocopherol) administration on bone formation in response to expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture, in rats, histomorphometrically. Methods: Thirty 50 - 60 day old Wistar rats were separated into five equal groups (one control and four experimental). All groups were subjected to inter-premaxilla expansion with 50-gram of force. Six control animals received saline solution (Group I) and three experimental groups were treated with a single dose of $\alpha$-tocopherol injected into the inter-premaxillary suture after one day after appliance placement (Group II: 2 mg/kg; Group III: 10 mg/kg; and Group IV: 50 mg/kg). A further group of six animals received three injections of 10 mg/kg $\alpha$-tocopherol, one each on days 3, 6, and 9 (Group V). Bone formation in the suture was evaluated by bone histomorphometry. Kruskal-Wallis rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. Results: New bone area, bone perimeter, feret's diameter and newly formed bone measurements were significantly higher in the experimental groups than the control (p < 0.001). Bone architecture in $\alpha$-tocopherol administrated groups was improved, and bone formation during the expansion period was stimulated significantly, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: The application of $\alpha$-tocopherol during the early stages to orthopedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture areas may stimulate bone formation and shorten the retention period, in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1992

Starch solid model system was employed to investigate the effect of lipoxygenase, ${\beta}-carotene$, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and water activity on the oxidation of linoleic acid. The rate of oxidation of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase was increased with the increase in water activity, Addition of ${\beta}-carotene$ and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ to this system has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ was more effective antioxidant than ${\beta}-carotene$. However, an increase in the concentration of ${\beta}-carotene$ was found to have a strong antioxidant effect in the solid model system. And also the antioxidative action of ${\beta}-carotene$ was increased with increasing water activity in this system.