• ETRI Journal
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.349-359
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• 2002

With Ni/Au and Pd/Au metal schemes and low temperature processing, we formed low resistance stable Ohmic contacts to p-type GaN. Our investigation was preceded by conventional cleaning, followed by treatment in boiling $HNO_3$:HCl (1:3). Metallization was by thermally evaporating 30 nm Ni/15 nm Au or 25 nm Pd/15 nm Au. After heat treatment in $O_2$ + $N_2$ at various temperatures, the contacts were subsequently cooled in liquid nitrogen. Cryogenic cooling following heat treatment at $600^{\circ}C$ decreased the specific contact resistance from $9.84{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ to $2.65{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ for the Ni/Au contacts, while this increased it from $1.80{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ to $3.34{\times}10^{-4}$ ${\Omega}cm^2$ for the Pd/Au contacts. The Ni/Au contacts showed slightly higher specific contact resistance than the Pd/Au contacts, although they were more stable than the Pd contacts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling showed the Ni contacts to be NiO followed by Au at the interface for the Ni/Au contacts, whereas the Pd/Au contacts exhibited a Pd:Au solid solution. The contacts quenched in liquid nitrogen following sintering were much more uniform under atomic force microscopy examination and gave a 3 times lower contact resistance with the Ni/Au design. Current-voltage-temperature analysis revealed that conduction was predominantly by thermionic field emission.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2003

본 논문은 비질량분리형 이온빔증착법에 이용하기 위한 고순도의 고주파 스퍼터타입 이온소스에 대한 특성을 평가했다. 고주파 구리 코일과 고순도 (99.9999 %)의 구리 타겟으로 이루어진 이온소스에 대한 기본적인 특성과 ULSI금속배선용 구리 박막으로의 응용가능성에 대해서 고찰하였다. 구리 타겟에 걸어주는 전압에 따른 구리 타겟에 흐르는 전류 특성을 고주파 전원 또는 아르곤 가스 압력을 변화시키면서 특성을 평가한 후 구리박막제작을 위한 조건에 대해서 고찰하였다. 박막 증착을 위한 기본적인 조건으로써, 타겟의 전압 -300 V와 고주파 전원 240 W, 그리고 아르곤 압력 9 Pa이 정해졌으며, 이 같은 조건에서 기판 바이어스 -50 V에서 증착된 구리 박막의 비저항값은 1.8 $\pm$ 0.1 $mu\Omega$cm로 이는 구리 벌크의 저항값(1.67 $\pm$ 0.1 $\mu\Omega$cm)에 근접한 값임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2003

In order to develope piezoelectric transformer for the ballast of fluorescent lamp, a new shape and electrode pattern of piezoelectric transformer has been investigated in this work. The composition of piezoelectric ceramics was 0.95Pb(Zr$_{0.51}$Ti$_{0.49}$)O$_3$+0.03Pb(Mn$_{1}$3/Nb$_{2}$3/)O$_3$+0.02Pb(Sb$_{1}$2/Nb$_{1}$2/)O$_3$. The sample prepared by this composition system showed the characteristics which has about 1200 of relative dielecric constant, 1100 of the mechanical quality factor, 0.53 of the electromechanical coupling coefficient, 320 pC/N of the piezoelectric constant d$_{33}$, 0.3 % of the dissipation factor. Diameter and thickness of disk-type piezoelectric transformer was 45 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The driving and generating electrode with their gap of 1mm were fabricated on the top surface. But the common electrode was fabricated on the whole bottom surface. The electrode surface ratio of driving and generating part on the top surface ranges from 1.4:1 to 3:1. We investigated the electrical characteristics with the variation of the electrode surface ratio of driving and generating part in the range of load resistance of 100 $\Omega$～70 k$\Omega$. The set-up voltage ratio of this piezoelectric transformer increases with increasing both the electrode surface of driving part and the load resistance. The set-up voltage ratio at no load resistance was more than 60 times. On the other hand, the efficiency decreases with increasing the electrode surface of driving part. In the case of the electrode surface of both 1.4:1 and 2:1, maximum efficiency showed above 97 % at load resistance of 2 k$\Omega$. However, in the case of the electrode surface of 3:1, maximum efficiency showed about 94 % at load resistance of 3 k$\Omega$.>.>.>.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2013

메소겐(Mesogen) 단위가 포함되어 있지 않는 para- 형태의 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (1,4-PDI)와 2,6-bis(${\omega}$-hydroxypentoxy)naphthalene (BHN5) 또는 1,4-bis(${\omega}$-hydroxypentoxy)benzene (BHB5)을 단일과 공중합폴리우레탄을 부가중합에 의해 합성하였다. 모든 공중합폴리우레탄에서는 전단변형의 측정에서 단방성 액정상을 나타내었다. 예를 들면, 고유점도가 $[\eta]$=0.32 dL/g인 폴리우레탄 Poly(50/50, mol%)은 $223^{\circ}C{\sim}211^{\circ}C$에서 냉각 시 액정성을 나타내었다. 그러나 두 개의 단일폴리우레탄에서는 DSC (Differental Scanning calorimeter) 측정 및 편광현미경 관찰에서도 액정상을 전혀 관찰 할 수 없었다. 합성된 폴리우레탄의 액정성은 시차주사열량분석기, 편광현미경과 X-ray에 의해 확인하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2010

NiTi alloy has been used for orthodontic wire due to good mechanical properties, such as elastic strength, friction resistance, and high corrosion resistance. Recently, these wire were coated by polymer and ceramic materials for aesthetics. The purpose of this study was to investigate electrochemical characteristics of tooth colored NiTi wire using various instruments. Wires (round type and rectangular type) were used, respectively, for experiment. Polymer coating was carried out for wire. Specimen was investigated with optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion properties of the specimens were examined using potentiodynamic tests (potential range of -1500 ~ 2000 mV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (frequency range of 100 kHz ~ 10 mHz) in a 0.9 % NaCl solution by potentiostat. From the results of polarization behavior, the passive region of non-coated NiTi wire showed largely, whereas, the passive region of curved NiTi wire showed shortly in anodic polarization curve. In the case of coated NiTi wire, pitting and crevice corrosion occurred severely at interface between non-coated and coated region. From the results of EIS, polarization resistance(Rp) value of non-coated round and rectangular NiTi wire at curved part showed $5.10{\times}10^5{\Omega}cm^2$ and $4.43{\times}10^5{\Omega}cm^2$. lower than that of coated NiTi wire. $R_p$ of coated round and rectangular NiTi wire at curved part showed $1.31{\times}10^6{\Omega}cm^2$ and $1.19{\times}10^6{\Omega}cm^2$.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2002

Let B be the open unit ball with center 0 in the complex space $C^n$. For each q>0, B$_{q}$ consists of holomorphic functions f : B longrightarrow C which satisfy sup z $\in$ B $(1-\parallel z \parallel^2)^q\parallel\nabla f(z)\parallel < \infty$ In this paper, we will show that functions in weighted Bloch spaces $B_{q}$ (0 < q < 1) satifies the following Lipschitz type result for Bergman metric $\beta$: ｜f(z)-f($\omega$)｜< $C\beta$(z, $\omega$) for some constant C.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2003

Let (equation omitted) be a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra with the indecomposable generalized Cartan matrix A and W be its Weyl group. Let $\theta$ be the highest root of the corresponding finite dimensional simple Lie algebra ${\gg}$ of g. For the type ${A_N}^{(r)}$, we give an element $\omega_{o}\;\in\;W$ such that ${{\omega}_o}^{-1}({\{\Delta\Delta}_{+}})\;=\;{\{\Delta\Delta}_{-}}$. And then we prove that the degree of nilpotency of the subalgebra (equation omitted) is greater than or equal to $ht{\theta}+1$.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.423-435
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• 2014

In this paper, the fractional Hardy-type operator of variable order ${\beta}(x)$ is shown to be bounded from the Herz-Morrey spaces $M\dot{K}^{{\alpha},{\lambda}}_{p_1,q_1({\cdot})}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with variable exponent $q_1(x)$ into the weighted space $M\dot{K}^{{\alpha},{\lambda}}_{p_2,q_2({\cdot})}(\mathbb{R}^n,{\omega})$, where ${\omega}=(1+|x|)^{-{\gamma}(x)}$ with some ${\gamma}(x)$ > 0 and $1/q_1(x)-1/q_2(x)={\beta}(x)/n$ when $q_1(x)$ is not necessarily constant at infinity. It is assumed that the exponent $q_1(x)$ satisfies the logarithmic continuity condition both locally and at infinity that 1 < $q_1({\infty}){\leq}q_1(x){\leq}(q_1)+$ < ${\infty}(x{\in}\mathbb{R}^n)$.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.189-192
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• 1998

In this paper, we analyzed Microwave-DC conversion efficiency for the rectennas and it's position change. Rectenna consist of a two major parts, receiveing antenna and rectifying circuits. We made two types of 2.45C rectennas which the dipole and the patch antenna. Rectifying circuit is a GaAs-schottky diode with a large forward current and reverse breakdown voltage. The results of RF-DC conversion efficiency for two rectennas, patch type has 75.6% efficiency with 400$\Omega$ load resistor and dipole type has 69.75% efficiency with 360$\Omega$ load resistor. When the rectennas has optimal load resistor, Rectenna efficiency shows of $\pm10%$ at $70^{\circ}$~$110^{\circ}$ position.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.652-655
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• 2003

In this paper, step-down piezoelectric transformer is studied. The piezoelectric transformer, made of lead zirconate titanate solid solution ceramic, is operated by a fundamental contour-extensional vibration mode. The transformer of 14mm length, 14mm width and 4.5mm thickness was made up two shape(Type I and II). The resonant frequency (fr) is 144kHz and 128kHz at the load resistant of $7.5{\Omega}$ that is a similar to calculating matching impedance. The gain (G) obtained 0.19 and 0.08 at each resonant frequency, when applied input voltage is 25V. The temperature difference with the variation of load resistant was increased with increasing load resistant and was the lowest at $7.5{\Omega}$ near the matching of output impedance.