• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.384-387
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• 2011

본 논문에서 제안된 모델은 기존의 얼굴 인식 및 지명수배자 얼굴 인식 시스템보다 효과적인 인식률 향상을 위해 전역적 특징을 사용하는 PCA(Principal Component Analysis) 알고리즘과 지역적 특징을 사용하는 2D-HMM(Hidden Markov Model) 알고리즘을 결합한 지명수배자 얼굴인식 시스템이다. 입력된 영상을 전역적 얼굴인식 알고리즘을 통해 얼굴 탐지 및 인식을 수행하고, 탐지 및 인식에 실패한 영상은 지역적 얼굴인식 알고리즘을 통해 2차 인식 과정을 수행한다. 실험과 분석을 통해 제안된 방법을 효율성을 증명하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.456-463
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• 2010

In the present study, we proposed a new subspace scanning algorithm to enhance the spatial resolution of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography(MEG) source localization. Subspace scanning algorithms, represented by the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm and the first principal vector (FINE) algorithm, have been widely used to localize asynchronous multiple dipolar sources in human cerebral cortex. The conventional MUSIC algorithm used principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the noise vector subspace, thereby having difficulty in discriminating two or more closely-spaced cortical sources. The FINE algorithm addressed the problem by using only a part of the noise vector subspace, but there was no golden rule to determine the number of noise vectors. In the present work, we estimated a non-orthogonal signal vector set using independent component analysis (ICA) instead of using PCA and performed the source scanning process in the signal vector subspace, not in the noise vector subspace. Realistic 2D and 3D computer simulations, which compared the spatial resolutions of various algorithms under different noise levels, showed that the proposed ICA-MUSIC algorithm has the highest spatial resolution, suggesting that it can be a useful tool for practical EEG/MEG source localization.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권10C호
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• pp.1007-1016
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• 2005

본 논문은 3차원 모델의 모양 기반 검색을 하기 위한 모델의 특징을 추출하는 방법을 제시한다. 3차원 모델의 특징 기술자는 모델에 대한 위치, 회전, 크기 변환에서 그 특징이 불변해야 하기 때문에, 모델을 정규 좌표계로 표시하기 위한 선(先)처리 작업이 필요하다. 우리는 선처리 작업을 위해서 주성분 분석 방법을 사용하였으며, 이 방법은 최소 경계 상자와 외접구의 생성을 위해서도 이용되었다. 제안한 알고리즘은 다음과 같다. 반지름 1인 외접구를 만들고, 구의 중심에 3차원 모델을 위치시킨 후, 반지름이 다른 동심구($r_i=i/n,\;i=1,2,{\ldots},n$)를 생성하고, 이 동심구들과 모델이 접하는 면을 구한 다음 그 면에 대한 곡률을 계산한다. 여기서 구한 곡률을 3차원 모델의 특징 기술자로 사용하게 된다. 실험 결과는 타 알고리즘에 비해 제안하는 방법이 상대적으로 적은 빈(bin) 수를 가졌음에도 불구하고 ANMRR 평가 함수에 의해 최소 0.1에서 0.6 이상의 성능 개선 효과가 나타나고 있음을 보여 준다. 본 논문은 색인 기법으로 $R{^*}-tree$를 사용하였다.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

Two conformational isomers of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene hexanoate were prepared from the reaction of-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and hexanoly chloride in the presence of AlCl3 in CH2Cl2 and their structures were determined by NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction as a cone and a 1,3-alternate conformer, respectively. The crystal of cone conformer (C68H96O8·(CH3)2CO) is triclinic, P, a=15.066(1) , b=16.063(1) , c=16.365(1) , α=79.75(2)o, β=109.95(2)o, γ=80.32(0)o, V=3602.7(4) 3, Z=2. The intensity data were collected on Simens SMART diffractometer/CCD area detector. The structure was solved by direct method and refined by least-squares calculations to a final R value of 0.144 for 4638 observed reflections. The molecular conformation is distorted symmetric cone with the flattening A and D phenyl rings. The crystal of 1,3-alternate conformer (C68H96O8·2CHCl3) is orthorhombic, Pca21, a=34.586(5) , b=10.207(3) , c=20.394(4) , V=7199(3) 3, Z=4. The intensity data were collected on an Enraf-Noninus CAD-4 Diffractometer with a graphite monochromated Mo-K radiation. The structure was solved by direct method and refined by least-squares calculations to a final R value of 0.152 for 2241 observed reflections. The molecule has a pseudo mirror symmetric 1,3-alternate conformation.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.1104-1113
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose Two-Dimensional Robust Face Recognition System Realized with the Aid of Facial Symmetry with Illumination Variation. Preprocessing process is carried out to obtain mirror image which means new image rearranged by using difference between light and shade of right and left face based on a vertical axis of original face image. After image preprocessing, high dimensional image data is transformed to low-dimensional feature data through 2-directional and 2-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2D)2PCA, which is one of dimensional reduction techniques. Polynomial-based Radial Basis Function Neural Network pattern classifier is used for face recognition. While FCM clustering is applied in the hidden layer, connection weights are defined as a linear polynomial function. In addition, the coefficients of linear function are learned through Weighted Least Square Estimation(WLSE). The Structural as well as parametric factors of the proposed classifier are optimized by using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). In the experiment, Yale B data is employed in order to confirm the advantage of the proposed methodology designed in the diverse illumination variation

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2019

In this study, strain KNU17Pc1 was tested for its antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IA), which causes banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) of maize. KNU17Pc1 was tested further for its broad-spectrum antifungal activity and in vitro plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. In addition, the in vivo effects of KNU17Pc1 on reduction of BLSB severity and seedling growth promotion of two maize cultivars under greenhouse conditions were investigated. On the basis of multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), KNU17Pc1 was confirmed as P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca. The study revealed that KNU17Pc1 had strong in vitro antifungal activity and was effective toward all in vitro PGP traits except phosphate solubilization. In this study, for the first time, a strain of P. chlororaphis against Colletotrichum dematium, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis, Fusarium subglutinans and Stemphylium lycopersici has been reported. Further biochemical studies showed that KNU17Pc1 was able to produce both types of phenazine derivatives, PCA and 2-OH-PCA. In addition, solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) analysis identified 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the TSB culture of KNU17Pc1, 1-undecene being the most abundant volatile. Moreover, for the first time, Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxan (D4), dimethyl disulfide, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene and 1-undecene were detected in P. chlororaphis. Furthermore, this study reported for the first time the effectiveness of P. chlororaphis to control BLSB of maize. Hence, further studies are necessary to test the effectiveness of KNU17Pc1 under different environmental conditions so that it can be exploited further for biocontrol and plant growth promotion.

• 한국빅데이터학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

항공안전관리에서 항공기 경로 이탈은 큰 사고로 이어질 수 있는 위험한 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 항공기 경로 이탈 문제를 예방하기 위해 클러스터링을 통해 항적을 분류하고, 클러스터 중심과의 거리를 계산하여 이상 점수를 산출하고자 한다. 1년 동안 수신된 ADS-B 항적 자료에서 공항을 기준으로 근방 100km 이내 항적을 추출하여 연구를 진행했다. 항적은 선형 보간법을 이용하여 벡터화하였다. 위도·경도·고도 3차원 좌표 자료를 사용하였다. PCA를 통해 전체 데이터 분산 90% 이상을 나타내는 축으로 차원을 축소하였고, k-평균 군집화, 계층적 군집화, PAM 기법을 적용하였다. 클러스터 개수는 실루엣 측도를 사용하여 선택하였고, 클러스터 중심과의 거리를 계산하여 이상 점수를 산출하였다. 본 연구에서는 각 클러스터 기법별로 클러스터 개수를 비교해보고, 실루엣 측도를 통해 클러스터링 결과를 평가하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.2053-2058
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• 2013

Background: Formation of new blood vessels is necessary for the development and spread of neoplasms more than 1 mm3 in volume, angiogenesis being responsible for formation of new from pre-existing blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is pivotal and the best studied angiogenic factor in all human cancers. Therefore we designed this study to investigate the role of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in prostate cancer in comparison with BPH controls in a north Indian population. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 100 subjects were included on the basis of confirmed histopathological reports, out of which 50 were prostate cancer patients and the other 50 were BPH patients with PSA levels >2 ng/ml and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings during September 2009 to August 2011 from the Department of Urology, KGMU, Lucknow, India. Plasma levels of VEGF were determined using quantitative immunoassay (ELISA-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 version. Results: The mean age of prostate cancer ($67.6{\pm}5.72$) patients was significantly higher (p=0.005) than BPH ($63.6{\pm}7.92$) patients. Expression of VEGF-A was not significantly higher in disease stage C1 than D1 or D2 and A or B (p=0.13) while the level of VEGF-A was significantly higher (p=0.04) in prostate cancer as compared to BPH subjects (PCa=13.0 pg/ml, BPH=6.8 pg/ml). Levels of VEGF-C were similar in both groups (PCa=832.6 pg/ml, BPH=823.7 pg/ml). In ROC curve, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.60-0.80) and the cut-off value for which a higher proportion of patients was correctly classified (20%) was 26.0 pg/mL. Conclusion: Although VEGF-A is increased in cancer prostate patients a statistically significant correlation could not be established in this study. VEGF-C was not found to be a useful biomarker.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.658-669
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• 2016

Rice blast, caused by a fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice worldwide. Analyzing the valuable genetic resources is important in making progress towards blast resistance. Molecular screening of major rice blast resistance (R) genes was determined in 2,509 accessions of rice germplasm from different geographic regions of Asia and Europe using PCR based markers which showed linkage to twelve major blast R genes, Pik-p, Pi39, Pit, Pik-m, Pi-d(t)2, Pii, Pib, Pik, Pita, Pita/Pita-2, Pi5, and Piz-t. Out of 2,509 accessions, only two accessions had maximum nine blast resistance genes followed by eighteen accessions each with eight R genes. The polygenic combination of three genes was possessed by maximum number of accessions (824), while among others 48 accessions possessed seven genes, 119 accessions had six genes, 267 accessions had five genes, 487 accessions had four genes, 646 accessions had two genes, and 98 accessions had single R gene. The Pik-p gene appeared to be omnipresent and was detected in all germplasm. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Pita, Pita/Pita-2, Pi-d(t)2, Pib and Pit were the major genes responsible for resistance in the germplasm. The present investigation revealed that a set of 68 elite germplasm accessions would have a competitive edge over the current resistance donors being utilized in the breeding programs. Overall, these results might be useful to identify and incorporate the resistance genes from germplasm into elite cultivars through marker assisted selection in rice breeding.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1286-1286
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• 2001

Despite extensive theoretical and experimental studies the structure of the protein-solvent interface is subject of many controversy. Understanding the processes that occur in aqueous solution requires understanding of the solvent influence on the structure of protein. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of NIR methods in the study of hydration phenomena in protein solutions. Temperature-induced changes in NIR spectra of -lactoglobulin (BLG) in aqueous solutions have been investigated by means of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) and principal component analysis (PCA). With the temperature increase the balance of forces between the BLG's interaction with itself and the BLGs interaction with its environment is disrupted leading to BLG unfolding. Significant differences of 2D signals and distinct discrepancies of loading on PC1 and PC2 were observed as a result of temperature increase. In the native folded conformation of BLC, most of the nonpolar amino acids are hidden in the centre of the structure, out of contact with water molecules, while charged groups are outside, in the contact with water. The polar groups promote low density Ih-type structure in the water outside this first hydration shell. When BLG unfolds it assumes a more extended configuration on which the previously buried nonpolar groups are exposed to water and promote the higher density II-type structure outside its first shell. Detailed assignments of bands attributed to the bulk water, different states of the hydrated water and the changed conformation of BLG are proposed.