• 영어영문학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.409-427
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• 2010

In this paper, I revisit and problematize "blackness" in THH by building on Toni Morrison's call for the theorization of "blackness" in American literature. THH has received much critical attention in the decades that followed its revival, but this paper argues that the meaning of "Africanist presence" has not been adequately addressed in 19th-century women writers' works. This paper is an effort to fill in this gap, and examines the ways in which "blackness" informed and shaped this most popular text of 19th-century America. This paper argues that THH demonstrates contemporary America's fear of "blackness," and rather than celebrating Capitola's feminist credentials or criticizing the lack of sensitivity to racial issues in THH, shows that the significance of the text lies in the ways in which it prophesies an impending national crisis mediated through the disruptive force of Capitola and Black Donald. THH certainly reiterates the popular, contemporary racial paradigms and excludes blacks from the conceptualization of "manhood," and it may seem that the issue of race is subsumed under gender issues when the text continuously privileges gender over race. However, at the same time, Black Donald and Capitola's disruptive energies signify the fear of explosive "blackness," and the disruptive stirrings of "blackness" permeate the novel as the energy that might rupture the seemingly tranquil order of antebellum South. The novel encodes and reflects the fear of blackness in the minds of its readers, and the popularity of this novel foretells nothing less than the explosion of Civil War.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.241-267
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• 2014

Media representations of race have attempted to contain blackness by packaging and commodifying it to reflect and affect preconceptions and prejudices of dominant culture. From the early beginnings of blackface minstrelsy as entertainment form in the $19^{th}$ century, representations of African Americans in popular culture and mainstream media have been closely associated with the notion of performance. The performative nature of racial representations is situated within the discursive struggle over what it meant to be Black, or what it meant to be labeled and portrayed as Black in American culture. This essay discusses four films that contain performances of "blackness" that assemble race and gender in complex configurations: Bamboozled (Spike Lee, 2000), Girl 6 (Spike Lee, 1996), Big Momma's House (Raja Gosnell, 2000), and White Chicks (Keenen Ivory Wayans, 2004). I explore how the performative nature of "blackness" is emphasized, thematized, and problematized in these films through the physicality of corporeal figures that embody the close link between race and gender identities. Once we are cognizant of the fact that race and gender are fabricated cultural constructs and performative acts, we can recognize that notions of "blackness" and "femininity" are not naturalized or essentialist, but open to recontextualization and revision.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.851-858
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• 2001

One of the important phase of black titanium oxide is $Ti_4O_7$ which has the excellent properties such as the greatest electrical conductivity among the titanium oxides, chemical resistance against acidic and alkalic conditions and electro-wave absorption etc., so it has been considered as a promising material to be used widely all over the parts of industries. In this study, $Ti_4O_7$ phase was successfully synthesized by the reaction of TiO$_2$/ Mg system. With the change of the mole of TiO$_2$to Mg, the most excellent blackness was appeared in the 3.5 mole which was the smaller amount than the stoichiometric 4.0 mole. In addition, we found that the blackness decreased as the mole ratio of reactent increased. With decreasing particle size of magnesium, blackness of titanium oxide increased. The reaction property was changed with the compaction pressure, and optimum pressure was found to be 10 MPa. At 55$0^{\circ}C$ of reduction temperature, the blackness increased as the reaction time increased. The blackness of synthesized black titanium oxide was 14 to 18, and the average particle size was 0.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.238-244
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• 1994

광솔리톤의 진행을 기술하는 비선형 쉬뢰딩거 방정식의 전산시늉으로 진폭과 위상의 초기조건에 따른 어두운 솔리톤의 진행특성을 연구하였다. 진행거리가 증가함에 따라 홀대칭 어두운 솔리톤은 하나의 검은 솔리톤과 어두운 정도의 부호가 서로 다른 잿빛 솔리톤의 쌍들로 분리되고 짝대칭 어두운 솔리톤은 검은 솔리톤 없이 잿빛 솔리톤의 쌍들로 분리된다. 검은 솔리톤과 잿빛 솔리톤이 인접하여 상호작용하는 경우 초기 진폭 형태는 같더라도 잿빛 솔리톤의 어두운 정도의 부호에 따라서 충돌 여부가 결정된다. 어두운 솔리톤에서는 어두운 정도에 따라 임의의 솔리톤을 형성할 수 있기 때문에 어두운 솔리톤의 에너지는 어두운 정도가 다른 어두운 솔리톤들로 분리됨을 진폭의 변화보다는 위상의 변화로부터 더 자세히 알 수 있었다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2018

This paper closely examines the textual representations of 'blackness' in Korean military camptown (gijichon) literature from 1950's to 1980's, and argues that the animalistic portrayals and almost compulsive bestialization of blacks reveal an attempted hierarchization of Koreans above blacks with an underlying belief in white supremacy in coming to terms with Korean postcolonial subjectivity. Going against the grain of nationalist readings of gijichon literature, which largely celebrate its resistance against US domination, this paper problematizes racialized postcoloniality emerging out of these stories that span over four decades. The paper demonstrates that the racist depictions of blacks as the Other and even sympathetic portrayals of black soldiers all work to legitimate white supremacy and hierarchize race in the formation of Korean postcolonial subjectivity, paradoxically reinforcing and perpetuating colonial racial ideologies.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2021

A high NIR-reflective black pigment is developed by Mn doping of Fe2O3. The pigment powders are prepared by spray pyrolysis, and the effect of the Mn concentration on the blackness and optical properties is investigated. Mn doping into the crystal lattice of α-Fe2O3 is found to effectively change the powder color from red to black, lowering the NIR reflectance compared to that of pure Fe2O3. The pigment doped with 10% Mn, i.e., Fe1.8Mn0.2O3, exhibits a black color with an optical bandgap of 1.3 eV and a Chroma value of 1.14. The NIR reflectance of the prepared Fe1.8Mn0.2O3 black pigment is 2.2 times higher than that of commercially available carbon black, and this material is proven to effectively work as a cool pigment in a temperature rise experiment under near-infrared illumination.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to explore sorts and roles of Afro-American music genres such as jazz, blues, gospel, and swing which were shown in post-structural Afro-American literary works: Toni Morrison's novel Jazz, Alice Walker's novel The Color Purple, and August Wilson's play The Piano Lesson. It has been phenomenal for several important Afro-American writers to create their works in which they invite traditional Afro-American music genres. This has made significant effects to depict a wide range of episodes in their works, which are historically and culturally associated with such music genres. This paper analyzes varied ways in which the writers combine these two artistic fields, which are all Afro-American, and express their authenticity and identity as being blackness.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

휴대폰의 카메라 모듈 내에 정렬된 카메라 렌즈들은 일반적으로 검은색 폴리머 스페이서(spacer)에 의해서 물리적으로 분리된다. 그러나 카메라 모듈이 계속 얇아지고 삽입되는 렌즈의 수는 계속 증가하는 추세를 고려해볼 때, 렌즈들을 분리해주는 스페이서의 기계적 특성이 점점 중요해지고 있다. 이에 기존 폴리머 스페이서의 대체재로서 우수한 기계적 특성을 가진 구리(Cu) 소재가 고려되고 있는데, 특히 표면에 고유한 흑색 구리(II) 산화물(CuO)을 형성하여 빛의 간섭을 줄이고 플레어(flare) 현상을 억제할 수 있기 때문에 스페이서로 적합하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행 연구들과 특허들을 분석 및 정리하여 표준 구리 흑화 공정과 공정 조건을 제시하였다. 전체 공정은 수세(cleaning), 탈산화(deoxidizing), 활성화(activation), 흑화(blackening), 그리고 안정화(sealing)의 단위 공정들로 구성되는데, 각 단위 공정의 온도 및 활성화 용액의 농도 등의 공정 변수가 구리 시료(strip)의 흑화도에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 표준 공정 조건은 색차계로 측정된 구리 시료의 흑화도가 품질 만족(on-spec.) 조건에 부합하는가를 기준으로 결정되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.210-226
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• 2021

이 글의 목적은 미국의 흑인 청년감독 라이언 쿠글러의 작품과 영화세계를 분석하는데 있다. 쿠글러 감독은 독립영화에서 출발하여 현재 할리우드에서 활동 중인 흑인 청년감독으로, 자신의 문화정체성을 바탕으로 흑인의 가치관과 내면의식을 영화로 재현하며 미국 '흑인영화'의 계보를 잇고 있는 청년감독이다. 이 글에서는 대표작 <오스카 그랜트의 어떤 하루>(2013), <크리드>(2015), <블랙 팬서>(2018)를 중심으로 그의 작품세계와 영화철학을 분석하고, 당대 미국 사회현실과의 사회맥락적 의미를 규명한다. 이 연구를 통해 쿠글러 감독은 흑인의 정체성과 흑인성(blackness)을 자기반영하는 '흑인영화'의 전통을 충실히 계승하고 있으며, 동시에 할리우드에서 내면화해 온 백인 남성가부장제 이데올로기를 전복하는 21세기 '새로운 할리우드 흑인영화 파워(New Hollywood Black Film Power)'를 상징하는 청년감독임을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1993

Black magnetite film could be formed on Invar steel for shadows mask by iron electroplating in thickness of 0.46~0.63$\mu\textrm{m}$ on Invar steel and subsequent oxidation of iron by immersion in strongly alkaline soution for 30~60 minutes. blackness degreed of magnetite oxide film on Invar was C20BL90 in comparision of color chart of Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Inc. Co. and adhesion test showed excellent adhesion of oxide film on substrate. Magnetite oxide film grew up on iron in hot strongly alkaline solution according to 'Sato-Cohen' oxide film growth model.