• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.982-989
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• 2004

The following is the conclusion drawn from a review on the clinical cases cured by Jaeumkangwha-tang in perspective of Hyungsang medicine. Jaeumkangwha-tang originated from the modified Jibaiksamul-tang in 'Manbyunghuichun(萬病回春)' and applied to the diseases induced by flaming fire due to deficiency of Yin. In 'Donguibogam', there are two kinds of Jaeumkangwha-tang. One in the chapter of kidney is mainly prescribed to replenish the Jung of kidney and applicable to the cases with configuration and symptom of kidney along with fire. The other one in the chapter of fire is applied to the symptoms of flaming fire due to deficiency of Yin. The characteristics of the patients treated by Jaeumkangwha-tang from the viewpoint of Hyungsang medicine can be classified as follows : ① configuration: Dam type, Shin type, inverted triangular type(:天垂象), bird type, round eyes, thin lips, slender waist, thin leg, pretty face, sparkling eyes, prominent upper lip and upward eyes and nose. ② color : dark red complexion, red cheek bone, red lips and red glabella. ③ pulse : fine and fast pulse and pulsation on the Chuk(尺) in man and so forth. ④ symptoms: agility, talkativeness, pimpled face, crooked back, weakness to the heat of summer, light eating, timidity, blood-shot eyes, night sweat, cough, abundant phlegm, hemoptysis, bloody spittle, enervation, emaciation, back pain, flaccidity of lower limbs, involuntary emission, nocturnal emission, heat sensation in the chest palms and soles, anger, flush on cheek bone, red lips and dry mouth, reddish tongue, stiff excrement, scanty yellow urine, etc.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2008

Objective: 'GyoGam-Dan' is known as a medicine to cure depression in Donguibogam (traditional Korean oriental medicine book). GyoGam-dan which is composed of Cyperi Rhizoma L. and Poria cum Radix pini has been used by basic prescription of asymptom related to all kinds of Qi(氣) disease. Although it has been clinically used for a long time, its safety have never been proved till now. Methods: We had collected data of 610 cases of patients taking 'GyoGam-Dan' at Wonkwang univ. oriental medical center for a period of three years (2005.3.09-2008.04.30). On the patients' blood, the levels of LFT and RFT were examined and the residual levels of heavy metals and pesticides were measured. Results: There were 610 patients who had taken GyoGam-Dan for about three years. In the patients, the most common diseases is depression, followed by palpitation, and then insomnia. Among the patients' estimations on its effectiveness, there were many of positive ones. The blood analyses of patients who had taken GyoGam-Dan did not show any problems and moreover there was not any problems in the levels of residual heavy metals and agricultural pesticides. Taken together, GyoGam-Dan was proved to be a safe medicine for health. Conclusions: Our clinical and chemical studies show that GyoGam-dan has the anti-stress effect and is a safe medicine of which side effect does not exist. Hereafter, Nigorous clinical trial on GyoGam-dan is required.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.18-28
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• 2010

1. Objectives: Purpose of this paper is to study the reinterpretation of Taeyang disease(太陽病) in "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)" based on the pathologic perspective of Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine by comparing factors as pathologic mechanisms, clinical symptoms, and remedies. 2. Methods: The texts referred to pathologic mechanisms, clinical symptoms, and remedies of Taeyang disease(太陽病) described in "Donguisusebowon Gabobon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchookbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)", and Shanghanlun(傷寒論)" in "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" were analysed. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) Early phase of Ulgwang symptomatic pattern(鬱狂證 初證) and of Mangyang symptomatic pattern(亡陽證初證) of Kidney Heat-based Exterior Heat disease(腎受熱表熱病), a category of Soeumin(少陰人) diseases, were described by adopting pathologic models of Taeyang-sangpung symptomatic pattern(太陽傷風證) and Sanghan-hyeol symptomatic pattern(傷寒血證) from "Sanghanlun(傷寒論)". 2) Soyang-sangpung symptomatic pattern(少陽傷風證) of Spleen Cold-based Exterior Cold diseae (脾受寒表寒病) and Hyunggyeok-yeol symptomatic pattern(胸膈熱證) of Stomach Heat-based Interior Heat disease(胃受熱裏熱病), categories of Soyangin(少陽人) diseases, were described by adopting pathologic models of Taeyang-yangsangpunghan symptomatic pattern(太陽兩傷風寒證), Soyang-sangpung symptomatic pattern(少陽傷風證) and Tayangbyong-sahak symptomatic pattern(太陽病似瘧證) from "Sanghanlun(傷寒論)". 3) Baechu-pyo symptomatic pattern(背顀表病輕證) and Hangual symptomatic pattern(寒厥證) of Esophagus Cold-based Exterior Cold disease(胃脘受寒表寒病), a category of Taeeumin(太陰人) diseases, was described by adopting pathologic models of Taeyang-sanghan symptomatic pattern(太陽傷寒證) and Hangual symptomatic pattern(寒厥證) from "Sanghanlun(傷寒論)". 4) Je-Ma Lee reinterpreted various diseases classified as Taeyang disease(太陽病) with the pathologic perspective of Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine. Different from existing medicine, diseases were analysed and treated by the standard, constitution of the patient.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to examine the scope and learning objective of Medical classics in the field of the education of Korean Medicine. Method : This study was analyzed and figured out list of classes which was taken by department of medical classics in eleven College of Korean Medicine and one school of Korean Medicine. Results & Conclusions : 1. Now, 14 subjects out of 16 subjects which were taken by whole department of medical classics in Korea can be a proper area of education of medical classics. Now, Hwangjenaekyung and Nangyeong are the only aim of the lessons at the medical classics. Therefore, we present to modify the aims inclusively. 2. The subject of the class have to change as follows. 'Wonjeon' changes into 'Hwangjenaekyung', 'Medical Chinese character' changes into 'Korean medical chinese character', 'medical informatics' changes into 'korean medical informatics'. 3. As we consider the condition that 'Nangyeong' is educating in just four departments of medical classics, we have to discuss about the stature of Nangyeong and to extend education of Nangyeong. 4. In the department of medical classics, we can improve the level of understanding and reading skills by educating the class of 'Sanghanron' and 'Donguibogam'. 5. This study is actively involved in trying to include 'Korean Medical Informatics' and 'Korean medical terminology ' in the education field of the medical classics.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.59-81
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper studies the pulse diagnosis as found in Youksimanpil, which is a series of medical charts containing 150 diagnosis records of Yi Suki, a doctor who was active in Joseon during the 17-18th centuries. Through this effort, the paper aims to shed light on how pulse was utilized in the Korean medicine, and in process tries to reveal the essence of Korean medicine's treatment method. Methods : 60 charts where pulse method was used are selected in Youksimanpil and a table is created with them. Figures are drawn to explain four steps of pulse-sensing from the simple method to highly advanced method. Charts are presented with the corresponding original texts and their translations. With these efforts, the paper attempts to reveal the broad understanding of the doctor of Joseon period who consistently kept to the most basic principle of pulse diagnosis. Results : The efficiency of pulse diagnosis depends on the unity and simplicity in diagnosis and prescription. There were continued efforts between the doctors in Joseon to collect and compare the experiences they gained from clinical practices in order to organize their findings and form a system. These are: (1) individual pulse, (2) patternized pulse, (3) balance between left and right pulses, (4) balance between pulse and body, and (5) the doctor's extemporaneous diagnosis. In that efforts, they protect the principle of holistic diagnosis, which is one of Korean medicine's core principles. Conclusions : Thanks to the existence of medical charts that presents in detail how the texts of Donguibogam were applied in real clinical practices, today we can see Korean medicine's highly advanced synergy between textual knowledge and clinical experiences as recorded in the form of charts.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

Objective : Establishment and development of Woongihak on Korea requires detailed study into its contents including each period's Woongihak theory and clinical practices. Method : Woongihak is assumed to have been introduced during the Coreyo Dynasty. Then its development stage is divided into early, middle, later periods in Chosun dynasty, and the category further developed into the Japanese colonial period and then the post-liberation era. These periods were given respect to while medical textx and data related to Woongihak were collected and analyzed. Result & Conclusion : The general consensus is that Woongihak was introduced for the first time during the early period of Coryeo Dynasty, but there was no text around this era regarding Woongihak could have been found. Woongihak was found in Uibang-yuchwi, which entered Chosun Dynastyin early period and was published, where it annotated Sanghanjiggyeog, Saminbang, and eumjeungyaglye. Donguibogam, which was published during the middle period, introduced Woongi by hosting a sentence of Cheonjiungi, and Chochanggyeol was published during the late period and brought the level of Woongihak in Korea a step further. Lectures on Diagram of Woongihakw as published during the Japanese colonial era, but it lacks uniqueness since it was a translation of Suwenrushiyunqilunao. Another book published during this period was OunyukgiUihakbogam by Cho Wonhui. It brought a heavy influence on the generations to come because it drew up prescriptions through the Gaegun and Gaeggi or Date of Birth of Date of impregnation. It was easy to use and highly potent. The author of this paper also collected about 55 types of Woongi texts published after the liberation of Korea, but there are sure to be many that is missing from the collection.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-31
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study is to verify the characteristics of acupuncture methods of Joseon Dynasty by looking into the relationship between five viscera diagnosis and acupuncture methods. Material & Method : In the process, I've reviewed the relationship between meridian/exterior and viscera/bowels, along with a thorough comparison of the academic tendency in acupuncture of Ming-China, Qing-China and Joseon. Result & Conclusion : The two fields of meridian and exterior, and viscera and bowels had been theoretically merged, and based upon that, foundation methods applying the five viscera diagnosis were designed. Joseon acupuncture exceeded the existing concept of viscera which simply related itself to the exterior meridian and exterior by integrating the concepts from the visceral manifestation theory. With this, large proportions of medicine related to the visceral manifestation theory were invited into acupuncture, expanding therapeutic boundaries for acupuncture treatment. A historical review on medical texts starts from the Hyangyakjipseongbang("鄕藥集成方") which familiarized the public with mainstream acupuncture knowledge up until the Song dynasty, followed by Uibangyuchwi("醫方類聚"), which sparked up interest on the acupuncture methods based on viscera and bowels. Donguibogam("東醫寶鑑") organized the medical theories up until then, building a foundation upon which viscera/bowel-based acupuncture was able to develop further. In Chimgugyeongheombang("鍼灸經驗方"), viscera/bowel-based acupuncture methods started to blossom, integrating the meridian and exterior theory with the viscera manifestation theory, which in turn provided various methods through five viscera diagnosis. In the Saamdoin acupuncture method(舍岩道人鍼法), diagnostic criteria moved on to the five viscera diagnosis, and new methods resulting from the inter-complimentary and inter-prohibiting relationships between the five phases were introduced, opening a new world of acupuncture.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-93
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• 2004

Depression is a sort of mental disorder which is very common. To treat depression, many drugs such as TCA, MAOI are developed and used. But they have a lot of side effects, so it needs to develop drugs without side effects or with less side effects. Herbal medicines have been used to treat diseases not only physical but also mental and have less side effects. therefore, it has been thoght the need to develop herbal medicine with antidepressant effect. The purpose of this study was to reseach antidepressant effect and influence on monoamines of chunwangboshimdan thought to have antidepressant according to ancient medical book- donguibogam- and recent reports. We used 'forced swimming test(FST)' to know antidepressant effect of chunwangboshimdan and HPLC to check the influence on monoamines and their metabolites(norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, serotonin, 5-HIAA) of chunwangboshimdan after divided into cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus and hippocampus. The results were obtained as follows: In the study of antidepressant effect by 'forced swimming test(FST)'method, chunwang boshimdan had a significant antidepressant effect. In the study of influence on monoamines by HPLC, chunwangboshimdan mainly increased dopamine among monoamines and their metabolites(norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, serotonin, 5-HIAA) significantly in 4 parts of rat's brain above-mentioned. Calculated by turnover ratio formulae of monoamine, chunwangboshimdan has more results than Imipramine. These results suggest that chunwangboshimdan has antidepressant effect that is related with the increase of monoamines by suppressing their metabolism as its mechanism.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Objectives : Systematize concept of 'Saengsukron(生熟論)', providing theoretical basis for clinical and research purpose. Methods : Herbal medicines listed in 'Tangaekpyeon of Dongeuibogam' were studied in the following order ; (i) Search for herbal medicines that has applied heat. (ii) Choose herbal medicine with reference of change before and after heating. And choose herbal medicine with reference on purpose of heating. (iii) Classify herbal medicines with similar patterns. (iv) Catagorize herbal medicine by its effects, side effects, nature of herbal medicines, tastes of herbal medicines, meridian tropism of the herbal medicines, and others(color of herbal medicines, formation of herbal medicines, storage of herbal medicines) (v) Systematize concept of 'Saengsukron'. Results : We were able to obtain systematized concept of 'Saengsukron(生熟論)'. They are classified by 'Saengsasukbo(生瀉熟補)', 'Saenghwalsukji(生活熟止)', 'Saengmusukyu(生無熟有)', 'Sukjeukhyojeung(熟則效增)', 'Sukjeukhyogam(熟則效減)', 'Sukjeukyudok(熟則有毒)', 'Saengdoksukgam(生毒熟減)', 'Saengjunsukwan(生峻熟緩)', 'Saengchangsukso(生脹熟消)', 'Sukjeukwiseong(熟則爲升)', 'Sukjeukwigang(熟則爲降)', 'Sukjeukwion(熟則爲溫)', 'Sukjeukwiryang(熟則爲凉)', 'Saengjosukgam(生燥熟減)', 'Sukjeukbyeonmi(熟則變味)', 'Sukjeukbyeonchwi(熟則變臭)', 'Sukjeukbui(熟則部異)', 'Sukjeukjongsa(熟則從邪)', 'Sukjeukbyeonsaek(熟則變色)', 'Sukjeukbyeonhyeng(熟則變形)' and 'Sukjeukbojang(熟則保長)'. Conclusions : In this study, heat processing of herbal medicines confirmed that certain regular changes occur. Based on this, concept of 'Saengsukron' could be systematized. Research on 'Saengsukron' will help practitioners and researchers.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.537-551
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• 2017

Objectives : Jinnoe-san (JNS) is a novel herbal formula consisting of five oriental medicinal herbs including Polygalae Radix, Prunellae Spica, Perillae Herba, Betulae Cortex, and Lonicerae Flos. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of JNS on Parkinson's disease in vitro model. Methods : The effects of JNS on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ($MPP^+$)-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated with a cell viability assay, flow cytometry, and western blots analysis. The effects of JNS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia were determined with a nitric oxide (NO) assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, and western blots analysis. Result : $MPP^+$-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced by JNS pre-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. JNS inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dysfunction, and apoptosis induced by $MPP^+$ in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, JNS significantly activated Akt and ERK in SH-SY5Y cells and the ability of JNS to prevent mitochondria dysfunction by $MPP^+$ was antagonized by pre-treatment of LY294002 and PD98059, an Akt and ERK inhibitor, respectively. In addition, JNS inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production as well as iNOS expression and secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$, pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting the cell viability. JNS also suppressed LPS-induced ERK activation. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that JNS has a protective effect on the dopaminergic neurons against $MPP^+$-induced neurotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect on the LPS-stimulated microglia. These findings provide evidences for JNS to be considered as a new prescription for treating Parkinson's disease.