Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.5.661

Determination of S-Allyl-L-cystein, Diallyl Disulfide, and Total Amino Acids of Black Garlic after Spontaneous Short-term Fermentation  

Kim, Mun-Su (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University)
Kim, Min-Ju (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University)
Bang, Woo-Suk (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University)
Kim, Keun-Sung (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University)
Park, Sung-Soo (Cheju Traditional Food Institute, Cheju Halla University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.41, no.5, 2012 , pp. 661-665 More about this Journal
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants and has been used throughout the world as a food supplement and a folk medicine for thousands of years. Raw garlic has been processed into a variety of commercial garlic products for consumer convenience. The latest new processing technology, 'spontaneous short-term fermentation', has been developed to process raw garlic into black garlic. The physiologically active effects of garlic have been attributed to its organosulfur compounds. In this study, the proximate compositions and the total amino acid content of raw Namhae garlic and black garlic were determined. The two major organosulfur compounds of garlic, $S$-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), and diallyl-disulfide (DADS), were also analyzed using RP-HPLC. The proximate compositions were not different between raw and black garlic. The amount of 13 amino acids was greater in black garlic than in raw garlic among a total of 17 amino acids considered. The black garlic had 2-fold higher levels of SAC and 30-fold higher levels of DADS than the raw garlic. Therefore, it is suggested that consuming black garlic produced by spontaneous short-term fermentation is more effective than consuming raw garlic, in order for consumers to take more physiologically active organosulfur compounds (SAC and DADS), which are the compounds that are good for consumer health.
Keywords
garlic; HPLC; S-allyl-L-cysteine; diallyl-disulfide; total amino acids;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Block E. 1992. The chemistry of garlic and onions. Sci Am 252: 114-119.
2 Amagase H, Petesch BL, Matsuura H, Kasuga S, Itakura Y. 2001. Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr 131: 955S-962S.   DOI
3 Lancaster JE, Shaw ML. 1989. $\gamma$-Glutamyl peptides in the biosynthesis of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides (flavor precursors) in allium. Phytochemistry 28: 455-460.   DOI
4 Yu TH, Wu CM. 1989. Stability of allicin in garlic juice. J Food Sci 54: 977-981.   DOI
5 Melino S, Sabelli R, Paci M. 2011. Allyl sulfur compounds and cellular detoxification system: effects and perspectives in cancer therapy. Amino Acids 41: 103-112.   DOI
6 Lawson LD. 1998. Garlic; a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds. In Phytomedicines of Europe; Chemistry and Biological Activity. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA. Vol 691, p 176-209.
7 Jang EK, Seo JH, Lee SP. 2008. Physiological activity and antioxidantive effects of aged black garlic extract. Korea J Food Sci 40: 443-448.
8 Block E, Naganathan S, Putman D, Zhao ST. 1992. Allium chemistry: HPLC analysis of thiosulfinates from onion, garlic, wild garlic (Ramsoms), leek, scallion, shallot, elephant (great headed) garlic, chive, and Chinese chive. Uniguely high allyl to methyl ratios in some garlic samples. J Agric Food Chem 40: 2418-2430.   DOI
9 Block E. 1992. The organosulfur chemistry of the genus allium-implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 31: 1135-1178.   DOI
10 Rosen RT, Hiserodt RD, Fukuda EK, Ruiz RJ, Zhou Z, Lech J, Rosen SL, Hartman TG. 2001. Determination of allcin, S-allylcysteine and volatile metabolites of garlic in breath, plasma or simulated gastric fluids. J Nutr 131: 968S-971S.   DOI
11 Mutsch-Eckner M, Sticher O, Meier B. 1992. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine derivatives in Allium sativum including the determination of (+)-S-allyl-L-cystene sulfoxid, r-L-glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine and r-L-glutamyl-S-(trans-1-propenyl)-L-cyteine. J Chromatogr 625: 183-190.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Sato E, Kohno M, Hamano H, Niwano Y. 2006. Increased antioxidative potency of garlic by spontaneous short term fermentation. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 61: 157-160.   DOI
13 Wan X, Polyakova Y, Row KH. 2007. Determination of diallyl disulfide in garlic by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Sci Technol 20: 442-447.
14 Iberl B, Winkler G, Knobloch K. 1990. Products of allicin transformation; ajoenes and dithiins, characterization and their determination by HPLC. Planta Med 56: 202-211.   DOI