Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.9.1153

Effect of Monascus purpureus-Fermented Korean Red Ginseng Powder on the Serum Lipid Levels and Antioxidative Activity in Rats  

Cha, Jae-Young (Technical Research Institute, Daesun Distilling Co., Ltd.)
Park, Jin-Chul (Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A University)
Ahn, Hee-Young (Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A University)
Eom, Kyung-Eun (Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A University)
Park, Bo-Kyung (Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A University)
Jun, Bang-Sil (Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A University)
Lee, Chi-Hyeong (J oongbu University)
Cho, Young-Su (Dept. of Biotechnology, Dong-A University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.38, no.9, 2009 , pp. 1153-1160 More about this Journal
Abstract
Monascus-fermented Korean red ginseng (MFRG), fermented by Monascus purpureus KCCM 12002, may be an ideal candidate for the hepatoprotectic, hypolipidemic and antioxidative activities. Effect of MFRG powder on these parameters in rats was investigated. Body weight gain, food intake, and water consumption were not significantly different among the groups. Total and relative weights of liver were significantly higher in MFRG group than that in other groups. The activities of AST and $\gamma$-GTP were highly lowered in MFRG group compared to control group. Contents of serum total lipid and triglyceride were significantly lowered in silymarin group and were significantly increased in MFRG group compared to control group, but tended to be lowered in RG group. Serum content of total cholesterol tended to be lowered in silymarin, RG, and MFRG groups compared to control group. HDL-cholesterol contents was only significantly increased in MFRG group compared to control group. At the same time, atherogenic index (AI) was also significantly lowered in silymarin, RG and MFRG groups compared to control group, and this effect was more pronounced in MFRG group. Content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver was significantly lowered in MFRG group and tended to lowered in silymarin and RG groups compared to control group. The hepatic glutathione concentration was significantly higher in silymarin and MFRG groups. Hepatic morphology in all experimental groups revealed clear-cut hepatic lobules with the uniform pattern of the polyhedral hepatocytes radiating towards the periphery from the central vein. These results suggested that MFRG may have anti-atherogenic index (AI) and antioxidative activity in normal dietary feeding rats.
Keywords
Korean red ginseng; Monascus-fermented Korean red ginseng; atherogenic index; TBARS; antioxidation;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 10  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 2
연도 인용수 순위
1 Yamamoto M, Uemura T, Nakama S, Uemiya M, Kumagai A. 1983. Serum HDL-cholesterol-increasing and fatty liver- improving actions of Panax ginseng in high cholesterol diet-fed rats with clinical effect on hyperlipidemia in man. Am J Chin Med 11: 96-101   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Cha JY, Jun BS, Cho YS. 2003. Effect of Korean red ginseng powder on the lipid concentrations and tissues lipid peroxidation in the rats fed high fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 124-130   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Kim YK, Guo Q, Packer L. 2002. Free radical scavenging activity of red ginseng aqueous extracts. Toxicology 172: 149-156   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Chiba H, Takasaki M, Masuyama R, Uehara M, Kanke Y, Suzuki K, Goto S. 1998. Time course of change in hepatic lipid peroxide level in iron-deficient rats. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci 51: 201-206   DOI
5 Lee SI, Shin JG, Kim SD. 2005. Effect of ginseng-chungkukjang effects on lipid profiles of serum in alcohol administered diabetic-induced rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 34: 1362-1366   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Goel A, Dani V, Dhawan DK. 2005. Protective effects of zinc on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and hepatic histoarchitecture in chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 156: 131-140   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Inkeles S, Eisenberg D. 1981. Hyperlipidemia and coronary atherosclerosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 60: 110-123   DOI
8 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95: 351-358   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Beutler E, Duron O, Kelly BM. 1963. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med 61: 882-888
10 Duncan DB. 1959. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics 1: 1-42   DOI
11 Yu TS, Choi HJ, Yoon CG. 2003. Effct of Monascus pigment extract on the alcohol metabolism in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 603-607   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Pyo YH, Lee TC. 2007. The potential antioxidant capacity and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of Monascus-fermented soybean extracts: evaluation of Monascus-fermented soybean extracts as multifunctional food additives. J Food Sci 72: S218-223   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Endo A. 1979. Monacolin-K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent produced by Monascus species. J Antibiot 32: 852- 854   DOI
14 Tsukahara M, Shinzato N, Tamaki Y, Namihira T, Matsui T. 2009. Red yeast rice fermentation by selected Monascus sp. with deep-red color, lovastatin production but no citrinin, and effect of temperature-shift cultivation on lovastatin production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 158: 476-482   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Kim EY, Rhyu MR. 2000. The chemical properties of Doenjang prepared by Monascus koji. Korean J Food Sci Technol 32: 1114-1121   과학기술학회마을
16 Cha JY, Heo JS, Cho YS. 2008. Effect of zinc-enriched yeast FF-10 strain on the alcoholic hepatotoxicity in alcohol feeding rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 17: 1207-1213   과학기술학회마을
17 Jeon BS, Park JW, Shin GG, Kim BK, Kim HK, Cho YS, Cha JY. 2004. Effect of fermented mushroom milk on hyperlipidemia and hepatic injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and Zucker fatty rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 13: 576-580
18 Campos R, Garrido A, Guerra R, Valenzuela A. 1989. Silybin dihemisuccinate protects against glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation induced by acetaminophen on rat liver. Planta Med 55: 417-419   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Ogawa H, Sakai M, Takatera K, Meguro T. 1997. Effect of tienchi ginseng powder on blood pressure and lipid metabolism in SHRSP (stroke-prone spontaneously hypentensive- rats). J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci 50: 127-132   DOI
20 Wei W, Li C, Wang Y, Kritchevsky D. 2006. Effect of Monascus purpureus-fermented rice on lipidemia and fatty liver in quail. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 119: 67-75
21 Gordon T, Casfelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kennel WB, Dawher TR. 1977. Hight density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart diseases, the Framingham study. Am J Med 62: 707-714   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Lee HU, Bae EA, Han MJ, Kim NJ, Kim DH. 2005. Hepatoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced liver injury. Liver Int 25: 1069-1073   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Cha JY, Kim HJ, Cho YS. 2000. Effect of water-soluble extract from leaves of Morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata on the lipid peroxidation in tissues of rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 29: 531-536   과학기술학회마을
24 Journoud M, Jones PJ. 2004. Red yeast rice: a new hypolipidemic drug. Life Sci 74: 2675-2683   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Muriel P, Garciapina T, Perez-Alvarez V, Mourelle M. 1992. Silymarin protects against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. J Appl Toxicol 12: 439-442   DOI
26 Lieber CS. 1985. Alcohol and the liver; metabolism of ethanol, metabolism effects and pathogenesis of injury. Acta Med Scand Suppl 703: 11-55
27 Manninen V, Tenkanen L, Koskinen P, Huttunen JK, Manntari M, Heinonen OP, Frick MH. 1992. Triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Circulation 85: 37-45   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Cha JY, Kim HJ, Jun BS, Cho YS. 2000. Effect of water extract of leaves from Morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata on the lipid concentration of serum and liver in rats. Agric Chem Biotechnol 43: 303-308
29 Inoue M, Wu CZ, Dou DQ, Chen YJ, Ogihara Y. 1999. Lipoprotein lipase activation by red ginseng saponins in hyperlipidemia model animals. Phytomedicine 6: 257-265   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Murakami A, Kishimoto M, Kawaguchi M, Matsuura T, Ichikawa T. 1998. Lipid peroxides and their relatives in organs of female rats fed diets containing excessive heme iron. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci 51: 9-15   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Trinh HT, Han SJ, Kim SW, Lee YC, Kim DH. 2007. Bifidus fermentation increases hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of red ginseng. J Microbiol Biotechnol 17: 1127-1133   과학기술학회마을
32 Bae EA, Hyun YI, Choo MK, Oh JK, Ryu JH, Kim DH. 2004. Protective effect of fermented red ginseng on transient focal ischemic rats. Arch Pharm Res 27: 1136-1140   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Sung JH, So NW, Jeon BH, Chang CC. 2004. Effect of white and red Panax ginseng extract on serum lipids level in high-fat-diet fed rats. J Ginseng Res 28: 33-38   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Chang IM. 1998. Liver-protective activities of aucubin derived from traditional oriental medicine. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 102: 189-204
35 Kim HJ, Chun YJ, Park JD, Kim SI, Roh JK, Jeong TC. 1997. Protection of rat liver microsomes against carbon tetrachloride- induced lipid peroxidation by red ginseng saponin through cytochrome P450 inhibition. Planta Med 63: 415-418   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Huang CF, Li TC, Lin CC, Liu CS, Shih HC, Lai MM. 2007. Efficacy of Monascus purpureus Went rice on lowering lipid ratios in hypercholesterolemic patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 4: 438-440   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Lee CK, Kim NY, Han YN, Choi JW. 2003. Effects of pretreated Korean red ginseng on carbon tetrachloride and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Ginseng Res 27: 1-10   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Jeon BS, Park JW, Kim BK, Kim HK, Jung TS, Hahm JR, Kim DR, Cho YS, Cha JY. 2005. Fermented mushroom milk supplemented dietary fiber prevents the onset of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 7: 709-715   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Kang DZ, Um JB, Lee SK, Lee JH. 2003. Content of rutin and monacoline K in the red buckwheat fermented with Monascus ruber. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 242-245   과학기술학회마을
40 AOAC. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis. 12th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA
41 Whitfield JB, Martin NG. 1985. Individual differences in plasma ALT, AST and GGT: contributions of genetic and environmental factors, including alcohol consumption. Enzyme 33: 61-69   DOI
42 Heber D, Yip I, Ashley JM, Elashoff DA, Elashoff RM, Go VL. 1999. Cholesterol-lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice dietary supplement. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 231-236   DOI
43 Sung KS, Chun C, Kwon YH, Chang CC. 2000a. Effects of red ginseng component administration on glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels in mice liver. J Ginseng Res 24: 176-182   과학기술학회마을
44 Lee CK, Han YN, Kim NY, Choi JW. 2003. The therapeutic effects of Korean red ginseng extracts on carbone tetrachloride- and galactosamine-induced hepatoxicity in rats. J Ginseng Res 27: 11-16   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Singh RK, Barrand MA. 1990. Lipid peroxidation effects of a novel iron compound, ferric maltol. A comparison with ferrous sulphate. J Pharm Pharmacol 42: 276-927   DOI