Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.9.1214

Study on the Amendment of Standard Regulations of Food Additives and Contaminants for Infant Formulas in Korea  

Moon, Ji-Hea (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hanyang University)
Lee, Heon-Ok (Pulmuone Health & Living Co. Ltd.)
Shim, Jae-Young (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hanyang University)
Kim, In-Hye (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hanyang University)
Shin, Hye-Seoung (Hankyoung Analysis Center, Hankyoung National Univertisy)
Won, Sun-Im (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University)
Paik, Min-Kyoung (Safety & Law Center, Hanyang University)
Shin, Hyoung-Soo (Food Safety Management Division, Gyeong-In Regional Food & Drug Administration)
Om, Ae-Son (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Hanyang University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.37, no.9, 2008 , pp. 1214-1221 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of this study is to propose suggestions for establishing Korean regulatory standards of infant formula. Accordingly, the regulatory standards for food contaminants and additives in Korean infant formulas were compared and analyzed with those in CODEX, EU, Australia and New Zealand. Several suggestions for regulations were found from different countries. Firstly, it is advisable that additives for nutrient supplement of infant formula be classified as types of nutrients. Secondly, it is proposed that guidelines should be set on the maximum amount of additives in infant formula. Thirdly, pathogens such as Staphylococci and Salmonella of infant formula should be regulated. Finally, present regulations need to establish the maximum permissible levels of some pesticides, Pb and Al, that other countries are already regulating. These proposed recommendations would broaden the scope of infant formula regulatory standards needed for infants' health.
Keywords
infant formula; standard regulations; food additives; contaminants; microorganisms;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 CODEX. 1991. Advisory lists of mineral salts and vitamin compounds for use in foods for infants and children. CAC/GL 10-1979 (amended 1983, 1991). CODEX Alimentarius Commission
2 EU. 2003. Commission Directive 2003/14/EC on infant formulae and follow-on formulae. European Commission. Brussel, Belgium
3 EU. 1995. Commission Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners. European Commission. Brussel, Belgium
4 National Research Council. 1993. Pesticides in the diets of infants and children. National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, USA
5 Park GS, Im MH, Choi DM, Jung JY, Jang MI, Kwon KI, Hong MG, Lee CW. 2005. Pesticide content of foods available in Korea. Kor J Pest Sci 9: 51-59
6 Health Canada. Trace Metal Analysis－Infant Formula. Available from: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/surveill/other-autre/infant-nourisson/index_e.html Accessed date Jan. 28, 2008
7 EFSA. 2004. Opinion of the scientific panel on biological hazards on the request from the Commission related to the microbiological risks in infant formulae and follow-on formulae. EFSA J 113: 1-34
8 Choi SH, Lee SB, Choi JW. 1997. Microbiological safety of infant formula and baby food. J Korean Dairy Technol 23: 65-71
9 EU. 2006. Commission Directive 2006/52/EC on food additives other than colours. European Commission. Brussel, Belgium
10 EU. 2003. Commission Directive 2003/114/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners. European Commission. Brussel, Belgium
11 Kwon KS, Oh MH, Kang YS. 2006. Risk assessment and prevention of pathogenic microorganisms in powdered infant formula. Food Sci & Ind 39: 24-29
12 Drudy D, Mullane NR, Quinn T, Wall PG, Janning S. 2006. Enterobacter sakazakii: An emerging pathogen in powdered infant formula. Food Safety 42: 996-1000
13 WHO. Enterobacter sakazakii and other microorganisms in powdered infant formula. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5502e/y5502e0a.htm Accessed date Dev. 2, 2006
14 KFDA. 2005. MRLs for Pesticides in Foods. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
15 Australia and New Zealand. Standard 1.6.1 Microbiological limits for food. Available from: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/thecode/foodstandardscode.cfm Accessed date Nov.9, 2006
16 Lee MG, Lee SR, Lee TS, Jang YM, Hong KH, Park SK, Kwon YK, Han YJ. 2006. Comparison between use levels of food additives by Codex and Korea. J Fd Hyg Safety 21: 14-22   과학기술학회마을
17 CDC. 2002. Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula-Tennessee. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51: 297-300
18 Yoo MK, Kim SS, Oh SS. 2005. Isolation and genotyping of Enterobacter sakazakii from powdered infant formula manufactured in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 14: 875-877   과학기술학회마을
19 Lim JH, Kim YH, Ahn YT, Kim HU. 2000. Studies on the contamination and inhibition of Bacillus cereus in domestic raw milk and milk products. J Anim Sci Technol 42: 215-222
20 Rowan NJ, Anderson JG. 1997. Maltodextrin stimulates growth of Bacillus cereus and synthesis of diarrhea enterotoxin in infant milk formulae. Appl Environ Microbiol 63: 1182-1184
21 CODEX. 1981. CODEX Standard for infant formula. CODEX STAN 72-1981. CODEX Alimentarius Commission
22 CODEX. 2006. Draft revised standard for infant formula and formulas for special medical purpose intended for infants. In Codex 30th Session, ALINORM 07/30/26. CODEX Alimentarius Commission. ChiagMai, Thailand. p 46-63
23 KFDA. 2008. Korea Food Code. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
24 Shaheen R, Andersson MA, Apetroaie C, Schulz A, Ehling-Schulz M, Olliainen VEM, Salkinoja-Salonen MS. 2006. Potential of selected infant food formulas for production of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin, cereulide. Int J Food Micro 107: 287-294   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Cressey PJ, Vannoort RW. 2003. Pesticide content of infant formulae and weaning foods available in New Zealand. Food Add & Cont 20: 57-64   DOI
26 Kwon GS. 2006. Micobiological risk assessment and prevention plan of infant formula. Enterobacter sakazakii management of infant formula. The 12th Forum of Food Safety. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. p 25-47
27 Simon RA, Ishiwata H. 2003. Adverse reactions to food additives. In Food Safety: Contaminants and Toxins. D'Mello J.P.F. CAB International. Oxon, UK. p 235
28 CODEX. 1979. Recommended international code of hygienic practice for foods for infants and children. CAC/RCP 21-1979. CODEX Alimentarius Commission
29 Australia and New Zealand. Standard 1.3.1 Food additives. Available from: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/thecode/foodstandardscode.cfm Accessed date Nov. 9, 2006
30 EU. 2005. Commission regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. European Commission. Brussel, Belgium
31 KFDA. 2006. Korea Food Additives Code. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
32 Kim HS. 2003. Meal solution for infants and toddlers: cook wise approach. Korean J Sci Food Cookery Sci 19: 110-121
33 Jin HS. 2005. Development of Korean dairy industry－infant formula. J Kor Dairy Technol Sci 23: 155-160   과학기술학회마을
34 Kim AJ, Kim JH. 2003. Development of food program for infant. J Fut Early Child Edu 10: 147-166