Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.8.985

Increment of Physiologically Active Compounds in Germinated Brown Rice Treated with Chitosan and its Effect on Obesity of Rat Fed a High Fat Diet  

Li, Hua (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Cho, Jeong-Yong (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Gao, Tian-Cheng (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Choi, Cha-Ran (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Lee, Kang-Deok (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Cho, Ji-Eun (Biotech. Co. Ltd.)
Cho, Geon-Sik (Biotech. Co. Ltd.)
Ham, Kyung-Sik (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.37, no.8, 2008 , pp. 985-991 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was to investigated the changes of physiologically active components in germinated brown rice treated with chitosan (CGBR) and its anti-obesity effect in rat fed a high fat diet. Contents of physiologically active compounds such as total phenolic compounds, total dietary fiber, $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and total phytic acid in CGBR were significantly higher than those of traditional germinated brown rice (GBR). Lipase inhibitory activity of CGBR was higher than those of GBR and brown rice (BR). High fat diets containing CGBR, GBR, and BR were administered to three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats for four weeks. All groups showed no significant difference in body weight, total abdominal fat, and plasma lipid levels. However, CGBR group appeared to have lower body weight gain and total abdominal fat level than other groups fed high fat diets containing GBR and BR. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents in plasma of CGBR group were also lower than those of other groups. Thus, new germination method of brown rice using chitosan is a useful process, which utilizes plant defense responses to elevate the production of secondary metabolites and anti-obesity effect.
Keywords
germinated brown rice; chitosan; dietary fiber$\gamma$-aminobutyric acid; anti-obesity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 9  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Khan W, Prithiviraj B, Smith DL. 2003. Chitosan and chitin oligomers increase phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities in soybean leaves. J Plant Physiol 160: 859-863   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Kim JY, Kim OY, Yoo HJ, Kim TI, Kim WH, Yoon YD, Lee JH. 2006. Effects of fiber supplements on functional constipation. Korean J Nutr 39: 35-43   과학기술학회마을
3 Graf E, Eaton JW. 1990. Antioxidant functions of phytic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 8: 61-9   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Oh SH, Choi WG. 2000. Production of the quality germinated brown rices containing high $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid by chitosan application. Korean J Biotech Bioeng 15: 615-620   과학기술학회마을
5 KFN. 2000. Handbook of Experiments in Food Science and Nutrition (Nutrition) . The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, Hyoil Co., Seoul. p 167-168
6 Yildirm A, Mave A, Kara AA. 2001. Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. J Agric Food Chem 49: 4083-4089   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Park HR, Ahn HJ, Kim SH, Lee CH, Byun MW, Lee GW. 2005. Determination of the phytic acid levels in infant foods using different analytical methods. Food Control 17: 727-732   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Birari RB, Bhutani KK. 2007. Pancreatic lipase inhibitors from natural sources: Unexplored potential. Drug Discovery Today 12: 879-889   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Kim YH, Ou SW, Kim YS, Chun JH, Yang J, Yoon YS, Lee ES. 2005. The factors affecting the fat distribution in the abdomen of obese women. Korean J Obesity 14: 39-46
10 Lee HJ, Lee CS. 2005. The effects of aerobic exercise and muscular resistance exercise on abdominal fat in middle aged obese women. Korea Sport Res 16: 487-494
11 Murakami M, Yamaguchi T, Takamura H, Matoba T. 2003. Effects of ascorbic acid and $\alpha$-tocopherol on antioxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds. J Food Sci 68: 1622-1625   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Cho YS, Kim CK. 1990. Effect of fed of phenolic acids in plant on serum cholesterol concentration in rats. Korean J Food Sci Technol 22: 824-827   과학기술학회마을
13 Romanazzi G, Nigro F, Ippolito A, Di Venere D, Salerno M. 2002. Effects of pre- and postharvest chitosan treatments to control storage gray mould of table grapes. J Food Sci 67: 1862-1867   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Jung GH, Park NY, Jang SM, Lee JB, Jeong YJ. 2004. Effects of germination in brown rice by addition chitosan/glutamic acid. Korean J Food Preserv 11: 538-543   과학기술학회마을
15 Ohtsubo K, Suzuki K, Yasui Y, Kasumi T. 2005. Bio-functional components in the processed pre-germinated brown rice by a twin-screw extruder. J Food Comp Anal 18: 303-316   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Kum JS, Choi BK, Lee HY, Park JD, Park HJ. 2004. Physicochemical properties of germinated brown rice. Korean J Food Preserv 11: 182-188   과학기술학회마을
17 Nakagawa K, Onota A. 1996. Accumulation of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rice germ. Food Proces 31: 43-46
18 Choi HD, Kim YS, Choi IW, Seog HM, Park YD. 2006. Hypotensive effect of germinated brown rice on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 448-451   과학기술학회마을
19 Choi HD, Kim YS, Choi IW, Seog HM, Park YD. 2006. Anti-obesity and cholesterol-lowering effects of germinated brown rice in rats fed with high fat and cholesterol diets. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 674-678   과학기술학회마을
20 Cote F, Ham KS, Hahn MG, Bergmann C. 1998. Oligosaccharide elicitors in host-pathogen interactions: Generation, perception, and signal transduction. In Subcellular biochemistry: plant microbe interactions. Biswas BB, Das HK, eds. Plenum Publishing Co., London, UK. p 385-432
21 Terry LA, Joyce DC. 2004. Elicitors of induced disease resistance in postharvest horticultural crops: a brief review. Postharvest Biol Technol 32: 1-13   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Kim SK, Rajapakse N. 2005. Enzymatic production and biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS): A review. Carbohydr Polym 62: 357-368   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Koide SS. 1998. Chitin-chitosan: properties, benefits and risks. Nutritional Research 18: 1091-1101   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Jung HY, Kang SM, Kang YM, Kim YD, Yang JK, Chung YG, Choi MS. 2003. Selection of optimal biotic elicitor on tropane alkaloid production of hairy roots in Scopolia parviflora Nakai. Korean J Med Crop Sci 11: 358-363   과학기술학회마을
25 Kim YH, Kim IH, Kim DI. 2006. Production of immunostimulating polysaccharide in Angelica gigas Nakai suspension cell cultures. Korean J Biotech Bioeng 21: 331-335
26 Kim SK. 1998. Applications of chitin and chitosan in agriculture. Korean J Chitin Chitosan 3: 327-342
27 Rickard SE, Thompson LU. 1997. Interaction and biological effects of phytic acid. In Antinutrient and phytochemicals in food. ACS Symposium Series 662. Shahidi F, ed. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. p 294-312
28 AOAC. 2005. Official Method of AOAC International. 18th ed. Chapter 32. Cereal Foods. Association of Official Analytical Communities, Horwitz W, USA
29 Zhao J, Davis LC, Verpoorte R. 2005. Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites. Biotechnol Adv 23: 283-333   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Bown AW, Shelp BJ. 1997. The metabolism and functions of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid. Plant Physiol 115: 1-5   DOI
31 Choi HD, Park YK, Kim YS. 2004. Effect of pretreatment conditions on $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid content of brown rice and germinated brown rice. Korean J Food Sci Technol 36: 761-764   과학기술학회마을
32 Kim JH, Kim HJ, Kim CY, Jung HY, Kim YO, Ju JY, Shin CS. 2007. Development of lipase inhibitors from various derivatives of monascus pigment produced by Monascus fermentation. Food Chem 101: 357-364   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Liu J, Tian SP, Meng XH, Xu Y. 2007. Effects of chitosan on control of postharvest diseases and physiological responses of tomato fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 44: 300-306   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Komatsuzaki N, Tsukahara K, Toyoshima H, Suzuki T, Shimizu N, Kimura T. 2007. Effect of soaking and gaseous treatment on GABA content in germinated brown rice. J Food Eng 78: 556-560   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Choe JS, Ahn HH, Nam HJ. 2002. Comparison of nutritional composition in Korean rices. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 31: 885-892   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Zhang GJ, Bown AW. 1997. The rapid determination of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid. Phytochemistry 44: 1007-1009   DOI   ScienceOn