Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.6.753

Salinity and Heavy Metal Contents of Solar Salts Produced in Jeollanamdo Province of Korea  

Lee, Kang-Deok (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center)
Park, Jeong-Wook (Food Industrial Technology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Choi, Cha-Ran (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center)
Song, Hyun-Woo (Food Industrial Technology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Yun, Su-Kyoung (Food Industrial Technology Research Center, Mokpo National University)
Yang, Ho-Chul (Jeollanam-do Institute of Health and Environment)
Ham, Kyung-Sik (Dept. of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Biotechnology Research Center)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.36, no.6, 2007 , pp. 753-758 More about this Journal
Abstract
To assess the safety of solar salts of Jeollanamdo province where most of Korean solar salts are produced, 433 samples of solar salts in total were collected and analyzed for their contents of sodium chloride and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury). Sodium chloride contents ranged from 80 to 85% in 63% of solar salts analyzed. Lead was not detected in 77% of solar salt samples and showed a value of below the maximum permissible limit (2 ppm) in other samples. Cadmium was not detected in most samples (78%), and the other samples where cadmium was detected showed a value far below the maximum permissible limit (0.5 ppm) except for three ones. Arsenic was detected in only four samples, but their concentrations were far below the permissible limit (0.1 ppm). Mercury was not detected in all samples. There were some differences between producing areas in the levels of sodium chloride and lead of solar salts, but the contents of cadmium, arsenic and mercury did not show significant regional differences. These results clearly indicate that solar salts produced from Jeollanamdo province are safe in the aspects of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury contents.
Keywords
solar salt; sodium chloride; heavy metal (lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury);
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 3
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hong CM. 2001. Effect of repeated exposure to Pb acetate on homeopoietic function, testis and kidney in male rats. J Toxicol Pub Health 17: 309-316   과학기술학회마을
2 Ha BJ. 2002. The effects of mercury and cadmium administered in subcutaneous tissue on enzymatic activity and lipidperoxidation. J Environmental Sci 11: 583-588   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Huh SJ, Sho YS, Choi JD, Lee HJ, Choi SH, Sung JH, Im MH, Kim KS, Choi YH, Oh HS, Choi JH, Choi JS, Heo OS, Lee JH, Shin DW, Shin HS, Moon BW. 2001. Studies on the potassium cyanide and potassium ferrocyanide of salts in Korea. The Annual Report of KFDA 5: 270-277
4 Shin TS, Park CK, Lee SH, Han KH. 2005. Effect of age on chemical composition in sun-dried salts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 37: 312-317   과학기술학회마을
5 Korea Salt Manufacture's Association. http://www.ksalt. or.kr/
6 Park JW, Kim SJ, Kim SH, Kim BH, Kang SG, Nam SH, Jung ST. 2000. Determination of mineral and heavy metal contents of various salts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 32: 1442-1445   과학기술학회마을
7 Korea Food and Drug Administration. 2003. Food Code. Seoul, Korea
8 Ha JO, Park KY. 1998. Comparison of mineral contents and external structure of various salts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 413-418   과학기술학회마을
9 Jo EJ, Shin DH. 1998. Study on the chemical compositions of sun-dried, refined, and processed salt produced in Chonbuk area. J Fd Hyg Safety 13: 360-364   과학기술학회마을
10 Hwang SH. 1988. A study on the heavy metal contents of common salts in Korea. Kor J Env Hlth Soc 14: 73-86   과학기술학회마을
11 Heo OS, Oh SH, Shin HS, Kim MR. 2005. Mineral and heavy contents of salt and salted-fermented shrimp. Korean J Food Sci Technol 37: 519-524   과학기술학회마을
12 Varian. 1989. Analytical methods for flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Varian Australia Pty Ltd, Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia
13 Grame KA, Pollack CV. 1998. Heavy metal toxicity. Part 2: Lead and metal fume fever. J Emergency Med 16: 171-177   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Valencia R, Gerpe M, Trimmer J, Buckman T, Mason AZ, Olsson P. 1998. The effect of estrogen on cadmium distribution in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Marine Environmental Research 46: 167-171   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Porter MC, Miya TS, Bousquet WF. 1974. Cadmium: inability to induce hypertension in rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 27: 692-695   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Schoolmeester WL, White DR, Salem W. 1980. Arsenic poisoning. Southern Med J 73: 198-208   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Wong SS, Tan KC, Goh CL. 1998. Cutaneous manifes- tations of chronic arsenicism: review of seventeen cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 38: 179-185   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Sommers SC, McManus RG. 1953. Multiple arsenical cancers of the skin and internal organs. Cancer 6: 347-359   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Cuzick J, Evans S, Gillman M, Price Evans DA. 1982. Medicinal arsenic and internal malignancies. Br J Cancer 45: 904-911   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Cho JH, Jeong SH, Kang HG, Yun HY. 2003. Effects of HgCl2 on plasma DNA content and blood biochemical values in rats. Korea J Vet Res 43: 641-648
21 Fischer AB, Skreb Y. 1980. Cytotoxicity of manganese for mammalian cells in vitro-comparisons with lead, mercury and cadmium. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg (B) 171: 525-537
22 Kim SJ, Kim HL, Ham KS. 2005. Characterization of Kimchi fermentation prepared with various salts. Korean J Food Preserv 12: 395-401   과학기술학회마을
23 Kim MJ, Hong JH, Rhee SJ. 2003. Effect of vitamin E on cadmium accumulation and excretion in chronic cadmium poisoned rats. Korean J Nutrition 36: 691-698   과학기술학회마을
24 Suzuki KT. 1982. Induction and degradation of metal lothionein and their relation to the toxicity of cadmium. In Biological roles of metallothionen. Foulkes EC, ed. Elsevier, New York, USA. p 215
25 Traore A, Bonini M, Nano SD, Creppy EE. 1999. Synergistic effects of some metals contaminating mussels on the cytotoxicity of the marine toxin okadaic acid. Arch Toxicol 73: 289-295   DOI