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Ciglitazone, in Combination with All trans Retinoic Acid, Synergistically Induces PTEN Expression in HL-60 Cells  

Lee Seung-Ho (Department of Nursing, College of Visual image & Health, Kongju National University)
Park Chul-Hong (Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and Institute of Medical Science, Chonbuk National University)
Kim Byeong-Su (Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety / v.21, no.3, 2006 , pp. 171-180 More about this Journal
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferatorr-activated receptor-gamma $(PPAR{\gamma})$ must form a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor (RXR) to bind DNA, and its transcriptional activity is thought to be maximized by ligands specific for either receptor. Activated $(PPAR{\gamma})$ and $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligands may influence tumor growth through regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our aim in this study was to determine whether co-stimulation with the $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligand, ciglitazone, and RXR ligand can synergistically upregulate PTEN in human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells and consequently potentate the inhibition of cell growth and cell cycle progression of these cells. Human leukemia cell line, HL-60 cells were exposed to all-trans-retinol and ciglutazone. The PTEN expression was measured as the level of PTEN mRNA expression by RT-PCR and as the level of PTEN expression by western blot analysis. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by a propidium iodide (PI) staining method and analyzed with a FACScan. The $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligand, ciglitazone, and the RXR ligand, retinoic acid, upregulated PTEN expression by HL-60 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners, respectively. This was significantly enhanced by a combination of both ciglitazone and retinoic acid. Moreover, these compounds synergistically induced arrests of both cell growth and the $G_l$ phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the activation of the $(PPAR{\gamma})$:RXR heterodimer may represent a regulatory pathway for human leukemia cells and there may be important roles for $(PPAR{\gamma})$ and RXR ligands in prophylactic and therapeutic approaches fur controlling leukemia through the upregulation of PTEN.
Keywords
PTEN; $(PPAR{\gamma})$; retinoid-X receptor; leukemia; ciglitazone; retinoic acid;
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