Browse > Article

In vivo Toxicity and Immunoadjuvant Activity of Korean Mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) Extract Fermented with Lactobacillus  

Yoon, Taek-Joon (Deptartment of Food & Nutrition, Yuhan University)
Yang, Woong-Suk (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Park, Sung-Min (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Jung, Hoe-Yune (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Lee, An-Na (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Jung, Jin-Hyuk (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Kang, Tae-Bong (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Yoo, Yung-Choon (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Kim, Jong-Bae (Institute for Biomedical Research, Han-Dong University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.41, no.5, 2009 , pp. 560-565 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, Korean mistletoe extract (KM-110) was fermented with two strains of Lactobacillus (FKM-110) and then toxicity, lectin content, and immune activities were investigated. The lectin content of FKM-110 was about 53-71% lower than that of KM-110. When mice were subcutaneously administered with KM-110 and FKM-110, the $LD_{50}$ obtained for KM-110 treatment was 50-100 mg/kg as compared to 150-200 mg/mL for FKM-110. Each preparation stimulated macrophages directly and enhanced productivity of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$. FKM-110 treatment resulted in lower cytokine production compared to KM-110. When mice were immunized with Keyhol limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigen along with KM-110 or FKM-110 administration, higher antibody titers to KLH were observed in the KM-110 or FKM-110 groups compared to mice immunized with KLH alone, thereby showing no difference between KM-110 and FKM-110. Therefore, fermentation of Korean mistletoe extract with these Lactobacillus strains decreased toxicity in vivo while the enhancement of immune activity by KM-110 and FKM-110 was similar. These data suggest that KM-110 fermentation tended to decrease lectin content and in vivo toxicity. In addition, other components in the fermented mistletoe extract appear to stimulate immuno-adjuvant activity instead of lectin.
Keywords
mistletoe extract; fermentation; lectin; toxocity; immuno-adjuvant;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 Sato K, Yoo YC, Fukushima A, Saiki I, Takahashi TA, Fujihara M, Tono-Oka S, Azuma I. A novel synthetic lipid A analog with low endotoxicity, DT-5461, prevents lethal endotoxemia. Infect. Immun. 63: 2859-2866 (1995)   PUBMED   ScienceOn
2 Hajto T, Hostanska K, Gabius HJ. Modulatory potency of the $\beta$- galactoside specific lectin from mistletoe extract (Iscador) on the host defense system in vitro, in rabbits and patients. Cancer Res. 49: 4803-4808 (1989)   PUBMED   ScienceOn
3 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Song SK, Lee KB, Her E, Song KS, Kim JB. Antitumor activity of the Korean mistletoe lectin is attributed to activation of macrophages and NK cells. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26: 861-867 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Lee KH, Kwak JH, Baek YJ, Huh CS, Kim JB. Fermented extracts of Korean mistletoe with Lactobacillus (FKM-110) stimulate macrophage and inhibit tumor metastasis. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 31: 838-847 (1999)   ScienceOn
5 Blocksma N, Dijk HV, Korst P, Willers JM. Cellular and humoral adjuvant activity of mistletoe extract. Immunology 156: 309-319 (1979)
6 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Shimazaki KI, Song SK, Lee KH, Kim SH, Park CH, Azuma I, Kim JB. Lectins isolated from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Cancer Lett. 136: 33-40 (1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Endo Y, Tsurugi K, Franz H. The site of action of the A-chain of mistletoe lectin I on eucaryotic ribosomes-the RNA N-glycosidase activity of the protein. FEBS Lett. 231: 378-380 (1988)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Gilles RG, Jung ML, Dominique DS, Beck JP. Comparison of the effects of fermented and unfermented mistletoe preparations on cultured tumor cells. Oncology 43 (suppl. 1): 35-41 (1986)   ScienceOn
9 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Song SK, Do MS, Kim JB. Immunoadjuvant activitiy of Korean mistletoe extract (Viscum album coloratum) to enhance humoral and cellular immune response. Korean J. Immunol. 21: 63-70 (1999)
10 Park WB, Kim HS. Changes of lectin from Viscum coloratum by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum-isolation and purification. Yakhak Hoeji 38: 418-424 (1994)   ScienceOn
11 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB, Kim SH, Kim KS, Kim JB. Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to Korean mistletoe lectin(KML-C) and their characterization. Yakhak Hoeji 45: 180-189 (2001)   ScienceOn
12 Kim Y, Lee D, Kim D, Cho J, Yang J, Chung M, Kim K, Ha N. Inhibition of proliferation in colon cancer cell lines and harmful enzyme activity of colon bacteria by Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212. Arch. Pharm. Res. 31: 468-473 (2008)   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Holtskog R, Sand K, Olsnes S. Characterization of a toxic lectin in Iscador, a mistletoe preparation with alleged cancerostatic properties. Oncology 45: 172-179 (1988)   DOI   ScienceOn
14 ZarkoviN, Kalisnik T, LoncariI, BoroviS, Mang S, Kissel D, Konitzer M, Jurin M, Grainza S. Comparison of the effects of Viscum album lectin ML-1 and fresh plant extract (Isorel) on the cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity of melanoma B16F10. Cancer Biother. Radio. 13: 121-131 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Choi OB, Do MS, Kang TB, Lee SW, Azuma I, Kim JB. Inhibitory effect of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of haematogenous and non-haematogeneous tumor cells in mice. Cancer Lett. 97: 83-91 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Lyu SY, Choi SH, Park WB. Korean mistletoe lectin induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells is associated with inhibition of telomerase via mitochondrial controlled pathway independent of p53. Arch. Pharm. Res. 25: 93-101 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Singh J, Rivenson A, Tomita M, Shimamura S, Ishibashi, N. Bifidobacterium longum, a lactic acid-producing intestinal bacterium inhibits colon cancer and modulates the intermediate biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 18: 833-841 (1997)   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Andreesen R, Scheibenbogen C, Brugger W, Krause S, Meerpohl HG, Leser HG, Engler H, Lohr GW. Adoptive transfer of tumor cytotoxic macrophages generated in vitro from circulating monocytes: A new approach to cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res. 50: 7450-7456 (1990)   PUBMED   ScienceOn
19 Rentea R, Lyon E, Hunter R. Biologic properties of iscador: A Viscum album preparation I. Hyperplasia of the thymic cortex and accelerated regeneration of hematopoietic cells following X-irradiation. Lab. Invest. 44: 43-48 (1981)   ScienceOn
20 Kang TB, Chae DJ, Chang SH, Mun SH, Kim JB, Her E. The effect of Korean mistletoe extract M11C (non-lectin components) on TNF-a release and expression from macrophage. Korean J. Immunol. 22: 207-215 (2000)
21 Hajto T. Immunomodulatory effects of Iscador: A Viscum album preparation. Oncology 43 (suppl. 1): 51-65 (1986)   ScienceOn
22 Khwaja TA, Dias CB, Pentecost S. Recent studies on the anticancer activities of mistletoe (Viscum album) and its alkaloids. Oncology 43 (Suppl. 1): 42-50 (1986)   ScienceOn
23 Hawiger J. Innate immunity and inflammation: A transcriptional paradigm. Immunol. Res. 23: 99-109 (2001)   DOI   PUBMED
24 Mueller EA, Hamprecht K, Anderer FA. Biochemical characterization of a component in extracts of Viscum album enhancing human NK cytotoxicity. Immunopharmacology 17: 11-18 (1989)   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Kang TB. Baek YJ, Huh CS, Song SK, Lee KH, Azuma I, Kim JB. Prophylactic effect of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) extract on tumor metastasis is mediated by enhancement of NK cell activity. Int. J. Immunopharmaco. 20: 163-172 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Gabius S, Joshi SS, Kayser K, Gabius HJ. The galactoside-specific lectin from mistletoe as biological response modifier. Int. J. Oncol. 1: 705-708 (1998)
27 Kang TB, Yoon TJ, Kim JB, Song SK, Lee KH, Kwak JH. Preliminary toxocity and general pharmacology of KML-IIU, a purified lectin from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum). Yakhak Hoeji 45: 251-257 (2001)   ScienceOn
28 Bussing A. Mistletoe: A story with an open end. Anticancer Drugs 8: S1-S2 (1997)   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
29 Yoon TJ, Yoo YC, Hong EK, Cho YH, Lee SW, Yoo BL, Kim JB. Effect of Korean mistletoe extracts on the induction of IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ from mouse macrophages. Korean J. Pharmacogn. 25: 132-139 (1994)   ScienceOn
30 Hajto T, Hostanska K, Rordorf C, Gabius HJ. Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 by human mononuclear cells exposed to $\beta$-galactoside lectin from clinically applied mistletoe extract. Cancer Res. 50: 3322-3326 (1990)   PUBMED   ScienceOn
31 Ataie-Jafari A, Larijani B, Alavi-Majd H, Tahbaz F. Cholesterollowering effect of probiotic yogurt in comparison with ordinary yogurt in mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 54: 22-27 (2009)   DOI   ScienceOn