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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Phytochemicals Having Michael Addition Acceptors by the Modulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways  

Youn, Hyung-Sun (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.41, no.5, 2009 , pp. 477-482 More about this Journal
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the induction of innate immune responses that are essential for host defense against invading microbial pathogens. In general, TLRs have two major downstream signaling pathways, namely MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways, leading to the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the expression of inflammatory mediators. TLR4 dimerization is required for the activation of downstream signaling pathways and may be one of the first lines of regulation in activating TLR-mediated signaling pathways. In this paper, the molecular targets of curcumin, 6-shogaol, and cinnamaldehyde in TLR signaling pathways will be discussed. Curcumin, 6-shogaol, and cinnamaldehyde with ${\alpha},{\beta}$-unsaturated carbonyl groups inhibit the dimerization of TLR4 induced by lipopolysaccharide, resulting in the downregulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and IRF3. These results suggest that phytochemicals with the structural motif conferring Michael addition inhibit TLR4 dimerization, suggesting a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of phytochemicals.
Keywords
toll-like receptors; Michael addition; curcumin; 6-shogaol; cinnamaldehyde;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 1
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