Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15701/kcgs.2016.22.3.11

3D Stereoscopic Augmented Reality with a Monocular Camera  

Rho, Seungmin (Visual Computing Lab., Kookmin University)
Lee, Jinwoo (Visual Computing Lab., Kookmin University)
Hwang, Jae-In (Imaging Media Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
Kim, Junho (Visual Computing Lab., Kookmin University)
Abstract
This paper introduces an effective method for generating 3D stereoscopic images that gives immersive 3D experiences to viewers using mobile-based binocular HMDs. Most of previous AR systems with monocular cameras have a common limitation that the same real-world images are provided to the viewer's eyes without parallax. In this paper, based on the assumption that viewers focus on the marker in the scenario of marker based AR, we recovery the binocular disparity about a camera image and a virtual object using the pose information of the marker. The basic idea is to generate the binocular disparity for real-world images and a virtual object, where the images are placed on the 2D plane in 3D defined by the pose information of the marker. For non-marker areas in the images, we apply blur effects to reduce the visual discomfort by decreasing their sharpness. Our user studies show that the proposed method for 3D stereoscopic image provides high depth feeling to viewers compared to the previous binocular AR systems. The results show that our system provides high depth feelings, high sense of reality, and visual comfort, compared to the previous binocular AR systems.
Keywords
binocular head-mounted display; 3D stereoscopic image; binocular disparity; marker based augmented reality; blur effect;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 M. S. Banks, J. C. Read, R. S. Allison, and S. J.Watt, "Stereoscopy and the human visual system," Motion Imaging Journal, SMPTE, vol. 121, no. 4, pp. 24-43, 2012.   DOI
2 M. Wopking, "Viewing comfort with stereoscopic pictures: An experimental study on the subjective effects of disparity magnitude and depth of focus," Journal of the society for information display, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 101-103, 1995.   DOI
3 R. Allison, "Analysis of the influence of vertical disparities arising in toed-in stereoscopic cameras," Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 317-327, 2007.   DOI
4 K. Carnegie and T. Rhee, "Reducing visual discomfort with hmds using dynamic depth of field," Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 34-41, 2015.   DOI
5 "Unity 3D," https://unity3d.com/.
6 G. Kramida, "Resolving the vergence-accommodation conflict in head-mounted displays," 2015.
7 "Oculus Rift," https://www.oculus.com/en-us/rift/.
8 "HTC Vive," https://www.htcvive.com/us/.
9 "Google Cardboard," https://www.google.com/get/cardboard/.
10 "Samsung Gear VR," http://www.samsung.com/global/galaxy/wearables/gear-vr/.
11 "Qualcomm Vuforia," https://www.vuforia.com/.
12 C. Soto, M. Vargas, A. Uribe-Quevedo, N. Jaimes, and B. Kapralos, "Ar stereoscopic 3d human eye examination app," in Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL), 2015 International Conference on. IEEE, 2015, pp. 236-238.
13 G. Kramida, "Resolving the vergence-accommodation conflict in head-mounted displays," IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1912-1931, 2016.   DOI
14 I. P. Howard and B. J. Rogers, "Seeing in depth, volume 2: Depth perception," Ontario, Canada: I. Porteous, 2002.
15 R. T. Held, E. A. Cooper, and M. S. Banks, "Blur and disparity are complementary cues to depth," Current biology, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 426-431, 2012.   DOI
16 F. Speranza, W. J. Tam, R. Renaud, and N. Hur, "Effect of disparity and motion on visual comfort of stereoscopic images," in Electronic Imaging 2006. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2006, pp. 60 550B-60 550B.
17 M. Lambooij, M. Fortuin, I. Heynderickx, andW. IJsselsteijn, "Visual discomfort and visual fatigue of stereoscopic displays: a review," Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 30 201-1, 2009.   DOI
18 D. M. Hoffman, A. R. Girshick, K. Akeley, and M. S. Banks, "Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue," Journal of vision, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 33-33, 2008.
19 W. Richards, "Anomalous stereoscopic depth perception," JOSA, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 410-414, 1971.   DOI
20 L. B. Stelmach, W. J. Tam, F. Speranza, R. Renaud, and T. Martin, "Improving the visual comfort of stereoscopic images," in Electronic Imaging 2003. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2003, pp. 269-282.