Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2020.53.5.503

Yearly trend of milk intake in Korean children and adolescents and their nutritional status by the milk intake level using 2007-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey  

Kim, Wookyoung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
Ha, Ae Wha (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
Lee, Jae-Hyun (Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Sun Hyo (Department of Technology and Home Economics Education, Kongju National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.53, no.5, 2020 , pp. 503-517 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the yearly trend of milk consumption and the nutritional status of subjects aged 6-18 years using the 2007-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Methods: Milk and dairy products were classified into plain milk, flavored milk, and dairy products (ice cream, milkshakes, cheese, and yogurt, etc.). This study compared the milk and dairy products intakes, some nutrients intakes and percent of dietary reference intakes for Koreans in the milk intake and non-milk intake groups. Results: Plain milk intake decreased with year (male, p = 0.0199; female, p < 0.0001; elementary school, p = 0.0013; high school, p = 0.0061), whereas flavored milk and dairy products intake in these subjects increased with year. In all subjects, 49.9% of subjects did not drink milk at all. The intakes of energy, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, and riboflavin in the milk intake group were significantly higher than those in the non-milk intake group, even after adjusting for covariates (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of the prevalence of nutritional deficiency in the non-milk intake group was 3.2 times higher than that of the milk intake group (p < 0.001), even after adjusting for covariates. The odds ratio for the prevalence of excess intake of the energy/fat was not significant with milk intake. Conclusion: The prevalence of milk intake decreased every year in the subjects. Calcium deficiency and nutritional deficiency were very high in the non-milk intake group. Efforts should be made to improve the calcium status in children and adolescents by strengthening nutrition education about the importance of milk intake.
Keywords
milk; calcium; nutritional status; children; adolescents;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 10  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Pereira PC. Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health. Nutrition 2014; 30(6): 619-627.   DOI
2 Severin S, Wenshui X. Milk biologically active components as nutraceuticals: review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45(7-8): 645-656.   DOI
3 MacDonald HB. Dairy nutrition: what we knew then to what we know now. Int Dairy J 2008; 18(7): 774-777.   DOI
4 Ruidavets JB, Bongard V, Simon C, Dallongeville J, Ducimetiere P, Arveiler D, et al. Independent contribution of dairy products and calcium intake to blood pressure variations at a population level. J Hypertens 2006; 24(4): 671-681.   DOI
5 Steijns JM. Dairy products and health: focus on their constituents or on the matrix? Int Dairy J 2008; 18(5): 425-435.   DOI
6 Kim SH. A review on the relationship of milk consumption, dietary nutrient intakes, and physical growth of adolescents. Korean J Dairy Sci Technol 2010; 28(1): 9-16.
7 Kim S, Kim W, Kang M. Survey on the relationship between milk and milk product consumption and dietary nutrient intake among Korean adolescents. J Korean Diet Assoc 2011; 17(3): 313-326.   DOI
8 Bae YJ, Yeon JY. A Study on nutritional status and dietary quality according to carbonated drink consumption in male adolescents: based on 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health 2015; 48(6): 488-495.   DOI
9 Whiting SJ, Vatanparast H, Baxter-Jones A, Faulkner RA, Mirwald R, Bailey DA. Factors that affect bone mineral accrual in the adolescent growth spurt. J Nutr 2004; 134(3): 696S-700S.   DOI
10 Lanou AJ, Berkow SE, Barnard ND. Calcium, dairy products, and bone health in children and young adults: a reevaluation of the evidence. Pediatrics 2005; 115(3): 736-743.   DOI
11 Baek SW, Lee HO, Kim HJ, Won ES, Ha YS, Shin YK, et al. Relationship between intake of milk and milk products and bone health by sex and age-group in Koreans - using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2017; 46(4): 513-522.   DOI
12 Lee BK, Lee YH, Lee HL, Park SM. Maternal and lifestyle effect on bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents aged 8-19. Korean J Nutr 2013; 46(2): 147-155.   DOI
13 Heaney RP, McCarron DA, Dawson-Hughes B, Oparil S, Berga SL, Stern JS, et al. Dietary changes favorably affect bone remodeling in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 1999; 99(10): 1228-1233.   DOI
14 Cho SH, Bae MA, Kim HN, Kim WJ, Park MS, Yoon HY, et al. A survey on the intake pattern and consumption propensity of milk by preschool children in the Bucheon area. Korean J Food Nutr 2011; 24(4): 607-616.   DOI
15 Rhie SG, Lee EK. Milk and dairy intake and acceptability in fifth- and sixth-graders in Hwaseong, Korea. Korean J Community Living Sci 2015; 26(3): 499-509.   DOI
16 Bae YJ, Yeon JY. Evaluation of nutrient intake and diet quality according to beverage consumption status of elementary school, middle school, and high school students: from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007-2008. Korean J Nutr 2013; 46(1): 34-49.   DOI
17 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Ministry of Health and Welfare. The sixth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2013-2015) guideline. Cheongju: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2015.
18 Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Fulgoni VL 3rd. The nutritional role of flavored and white milk in the diets of children. J Sch Health 2013; 83(10): 728-733.   DOI
19 Murphy MM, Douglass JS, Johnson RK, Spence LA. Drinking flavored or plain milk is positively associated with nutrient intake and is not associated with adverse effects on weight status in US children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108(4): 631-639.   DOI
20 Fayet-Moore F, Cassettari T, McConnell A, Kim J, Petocz P. Australian children and adolescents who were drinkers of plain and flavored milk had the highest intakes of milk, total dairy, and calcium. Nutr Res 2019; 66: 68-81.   DOI
21 Nicklas TA, O'Neil C, Fulgoni V 3rd. Flavored milk consumers drank more milk and had a higher prevalence of meeting calcium recommendation than nonconsumers. J Sch Health 2017; 87(9): 650-657.   DOI
22 Baird DL, Syrette J, Hendrie GA, Riley MD, Bowen J, Noakes M. Dairy food intake of Australian children and adolescents 2-16 years of age: 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15(11): 2060-2073.   DOI
23 Grimes CA, Szymlek-Gay EA, Campbell KJ, Nicklas TA. Food sources of total energy and nutrients among U.S. infants and toddlers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2012. Nutrients 2015; 7(8): 6797-6836.   DOI
24 Cifelli CJ, Houchins JA, Demmer E, Fulgoni VL 3rd. Increasing plant based foods or dairy foods differentially affects nutrient intakes: dietary scenarios using NHANES 2007-2010. Nutrients 2016; 8(7): 422.   DOI
25 Fayet-Moore F. Effect of flavored milk vs plain milk on total milk intake and nutrient provision in children. Nutr Rev 2016; 74(1): 1-17.   DOI
26 Ralston RA, Lee JH, Truby H, Palermo CE, Walker KZ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods. J Hum Hypertens 2012; 26(1): 3-13.   DOI
27 Lee YE, Hwang DH, Jeon MS. Milk consumption and perception of school milk program among elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea. J Korean Diet Assoc 2016; 22(3): 163-178.   DOI
28 Kim EM, Jeong MK, Kim JW. The supplementary effect of milk in elementary, middle & high school meal program. Korean J Food Cult 2007; 22(4): 503-510.
29 Abreu S, Moreira P, Moreira C, Mota J, Moreira-Silva I, Santos PC, et al. Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Nutr Res 2014; 34(1): 48-57.   DOI
30 Han JM, Min SH, Lee MJ. Study on nutrition knowledge, perception, and intake frequency of milk and milk products among middle school students in Chuncheon Area. J Korean Soc Food Cult 2016; 31(3): 205-212.   DOI
31 Moore LL, Bradlee ML, Gao D, Singer MR. Effects of average childhood dairy intake on adolescent bone health. J Pediatr 2008; 153(5): 667-673.   DOI
32 Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77(1): 257-265.   DOI
33 Ministry of Health and Welfare, The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans 2015. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2015.
34 Park SH, Lee KS, Choi SK, Seo JS. Calcium and milk intake of elementary school students from school foodservices - focus on the Gyeongsangbukdo Province -. J Korean Diet Assoc 2014; 20(1): 12-25.   DOI
35 Kim TY, Kim HS. Comparison of calcium intake status among elementary students by participation in the school milk program. Korean J Food Cult 2009; 24(1): 106-115.