Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.618

Comparison of lunch quality through home meals, institutional meals, and eating-out in Chinese adults: analysis of the data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey  

Jin, Juntai (Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University)
Lee, Youngmi (Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University)
Park, Haeryun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University)
Song, Kyunghee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University)
Chang, Yunhee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.52, no.6, 2019 , pp. 618-627 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the dietary quality of lunches consumed through home meals, institutional meals, and eating-out at restaurants in Chinese adults. Methods: The total of 3,708 people (aged 20 ~ 64) were selected from the data of the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey and divided into three groups: the home (HM, 2,845 people), institutional (IM, 579 people), and eating-out (EO, 284 people) meal groups. Dietary intakes of eight food groups, the frequency of eating certain foods, food group intake pattern, dietary diversity and the variety score of lunches were analyzed. Results: The meat intake of IM and EO were higher than that of HM (p < 0.05), and the vegetable intake was the highest in HM, followed by IM and EO (p < 0.05). The intake of fruit and milk·dairy products were extremely low in all the groups. Compared with 1/3 daily recommended intake, the meat intake was above the standard in all the groups and the vegetable intake was insufficient only in EO. The most frequently consumed food in all the groups was rice, followed by pork. The relatively desirable food group pattern, "grain + meat + vegetable", was highest in IM (66.0%) and lowest in EO (48.2%). The "grain + vegetable" pattern in HM and the "grain + meat" pattern in EO were relatively higher than that in the other groups. The dietary diversity score (p < 0.001) and dietary variety score (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in IM than that in the HM or EO. Conclusion: The lunches of Chinese adults had common problems in excess meat intake and a severe lack of fruit and milk·dairy products. Even institutional meals were not ideal as single meals for Chinese adults, although they were better in food diversity. Customized dietary educational programs based on balanced meal plans need to be established, especially for those Chinese people having lunch at home or eating out. In addition, a systematic food service program should be developed and firmly implemented.
Keywords
China Health and Nutrition Survey; lunch; home meal; institutional meal; eating-out;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Xi B, Liang Y, He T, Reilly KH, Hu Y, Wang Q, et al. Secular trends in the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults, 1993-2009. Obes Rev 2012; 13(3): 287-296.   DOI
2 China Industry Information Network. Regional distribution analysis of obesity, obesity and obesity in China [Internet]. Beijing: China Industry Information Network; [cited 2019 May 31]. Available from: http://www.chyxx.com/industry/201706/537452.html.
3 Wang Y, Wang L, Xue H, Qu W. A review of the growth of the fast food industry in China and its potential impact on obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13(11): 1112-1128.   DOI
4 Cao K, He Y, Yang X. The association between eating out of home and overweight/obesity among Chinese adults. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 48(12): 1088-1092.
5 Ma G. Food, eating behavior, and culture in Chinese society. J Ethn Foods 2015; 2(4): 195-199.   DOI
6 Rae AN. The effects of expenditure growth and urbanization on food consumption in East Asia: a note on animal products. Agric Econ 1998; 18(3): 291-299.   DOI
7 He YN, Zhai FY, Ge KY. Measuring diet quality of Chinese 18-59 years adult using Chinese diet balance index. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2005; 34(4): 442-444.
8 He L. Seven dietary problems of Chinese family. Health Manage 2011; 2(11): 58-59.
9 China National Statistical Bureau (CNSB). China statistical yearbook. Beijing: CNSB; 2000.
10 China Industry Information Network. Analysis of 2017 Chinese consumer food consumption and take-out penetration rate [Internet]. Beijing: Author; [cited 2019 May 31]. Available from: http://www.chyxx.com/industry/201711/584470.html.
11 Delivery Industry Big Data. Interpretation of 2017 big data of Chinese take-out market: five major trends [Internet]. Beijing: 360doc Personal Library; 2018 [cited 2019 May 31]. Available from: http://www.360doc.com/content/18/0416/14/40060546_746088506.shtml.
12 Li J, Jiang GH, Pan Y, Wang Z. Outside eating behaviors of the residents in Tianjin. Acta Nutr Sin 2014; 36(2): 125-130.
13 Du WW, Su C, Wang HJ, Wang ZH, Zhang JG, Zhang J, et al. Situation on 'eating out' and its related risk factors among 1013 Chinese adults in 3 provinces. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2013.34(12): 1159-1163.
14 Cao KK, He YN. Research advancement of association of eating out of home with health. Food Nutr China 2014; 20(1): 67-71.
15 Ma G, Hu X, Lu Y, Guo Z, Liu A, Pan H, et al. Analysis of lunch situation in schools of 8 cities in China. Food Nutr China 2003; 9(1): 52-54.
16 Zhang CY. Comparison of diet quality between school lunch and home lunch among Chinese students: analysis of the data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey [master's thesis]. Seoul: Seoul National University; 2016.
17 Wang H. Investigation of enterprise diet in Zhoushi county of Kunshan city. Zhiye Yu Jiankang 2008; 24(14): 1399-1400.
18 Wan GF, Li YQ, Liu XR. Investigation on salt and oil usage in 19 units' dining hall in Beijing. Chin J Health Educ 2015; 31(3): 304-306.
19 Yang YX, Wang GY, Pan XC. Chinese food composition table. Beijing: Medical Publishing House of Beijing University; 2002.
20 Yang Y. Chinese food composition table 2004. Beijing: Peking University Medical Press; 2005.
21 Chinese Nutrition Association. Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents 2016. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House; 2016.
22 Kant AK, Block G, Schatzkin A, Ziegler RG, Nestle M. Dietary diversity in the US population, NHANES II, 1976-1980. J Am Diet Assoc 1991; 91(12): 1526-1531.
23 Kant AK, Schatzkin A, Block G, Ziegler RG, Nestle M. Food group intake patterns and associated nutrient profiles of the US population. J Am Diet Assoc 1991; 91(12): 1532-1537.
24 Drewnowski A, Henderson SA, Driscoll A, Rolls BJ. The Dietary Variety Score: assessing diet quality in healthy young and older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 1997; 97(3): 266-271.   DOI
25 Chen L, Wu KG, Chai XH, Yu L, Ye SH, Chen YH. The analysis on the state food and nutrition status of college students in Panyu district of Guangzhou. Chin J Sch Health 2015; 36(2): 265-267.
26 He YN, Zhai FY, Ge KY. measuring diet quality of Chinese 18-59 years adult using Chinese diet balance index. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2005; 34(4): 442-444.
27 Zhai FY, He YN, Ma GS, Li YP, Wang ZH, Hu YS, et al. Study on the current status and trend of food consumption among Chinese population. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2005; 26(7): 485-488.
28 Song Y, Liu S, Li J, Gong CR, Cheng MW, Xu SY. Analysis of dietary pattern and nutritional status for adults in Hubei. J Public Health Prev Med 2011; 22(3): 16-19.
29 Zhang JP, Wang Y, Liu LY. Nutrition and health status among residents of Yunyan district, Guiyang city in 2010. Chin J Public Health 2013; 29(8): 1212-1214.
30 Huang J, Rozelle S. Market development and food demand in rural China. China Econ Rev 1998; 9(1): 25-45.   DOI
31 Du S, Lu B, Zhai F, Popkin BM. A new stage of the nutrition transition in China. Public Health Nutr 2002; 5(1A): 169-174.   DOI
32 Liu J, Savenije HH. Food consumption patterns and their effect on water requirement in China. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss 2008; 12(3): 887-898.   DOI
33 Kim WH, Lee JM. A study of Chinese carnivorous food culture. J Chin Humanit 2012; (51): 375-394.
34 He Y, Yang X, Xia J, Zhao L, Yang Y. Consumption of meat and dairy products in China: a review. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 75(3): 385-391.   DOI
35 Baidu Wenku. The reason for not eating fruits [Internet]. [unknown]: Baidu Wenku; 2018 Jul 1 [cited 2019 May 31]. Available from: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/876294d30b4c 2e3f56276367.html.
36 Child and Maternal Committee of Chinese Nutrition Society. Nutritional supplements and drinking milk are harmful to Chinese people? Ying Yang Xue Bao 2007; 29(3): 3.
37 Chen BH. Concept update, drinking milk and fitness. Shanxi Nongye 2002; (7): 54-55.