Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.1.31

Effects of macronutrients in mixed meals on postprandial glycemic response  

Park, Mi-Hyeon (Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University)
Chung, Sang-Jin (Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University)
Shim, Jae Eun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University)
Jang, Sung-Hee (Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd.)
Nam, Ki-Sun (Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd.)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.51, no.1, 2018 , pp. 31-39 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of study was to determine the effects of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and fiber contents on glycemic responses in a single food item or meal. Methods: Glycemic responses were measured in 30 healthy young adults (17 males and 13 females) with various test foods, including rice, egg whites, bean sprouts, olive oil, noodles, prune, broccoli, Korean dishes, Western dishes, and salad dishes, etc. Test foods were designed to contain various carbohydrate, fat, protein, and fiber contents in single or mixed foods or dishes. After 12 hours of fasting, participants consumed test foods, and the glycemic response was measured for a subsequent 120 min (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). Three hundred and fifty three glycemic responses from 62 foods were collected. The incremental area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each test food for each subject to examine glycemic responses. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify which macronutrient (carbohydrate, fat, protein and fiber) affected the AUC using a mixed model. Results: Carbohydrates (${\beta}=37.18$, p < 0.0001) significantly increased while fat (${\beta}=-32.70$, p = 0.0054) and fiber (${\beta}=-32.01$, p = 0.0486) significantly reduced the glycemic response. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the glycemic response of a meal can be modified depending on the fat and fiber contents of ingredient foods, even though carbohydrate content is maintained.
Keywords
glucose response; area under the curve (AUC); mixed foods; glycemic index;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Song S, Choi H, Lee S, Park JM, Kim BR, Paik HY, Song Y. Establishing a table of glycemic index values for common Korean foods and an evaluation of the dietary glycemic index among the Korean adult population. Korean J Nutr 2012; 45(1): 80-93.   DOI
2 Sun L, Ranawana DV, Leow MK, Henry CJ. Effect of chicken, fat and vegetable on glycaemia and insulinaemia to a white rice-based meal in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53(8): 1719-1726.   DOI
3 Kim DY, Lee H, Choi EY, Lim H. Analysis and evaluation of glycemic indices and glycemic loads of frequently consumed carbohydrate-rich snacks according to variety and cooking method. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2015; 44(1): 14-23.   DOI
4 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2014: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-2). Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015.
5 Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Jenkins AL. Starchy foods and glycemic index. Diabetes Care 1988; 11(2): 149-159.   DOI
6 Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Giacco R. Role of glycemic index and glycemic load in the healthy state, in prediabetes, and in diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(1): 269S-274S.   DOI
7 Kim IJ. Glycemic index revisited. Korean Diabetes J 2009; 33(4): 261-266.   DOI
8 Gaesser GA. Carbohydrate quantity and quality in relation to body mass index. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107(10): 1768-1780.   DOI
9 McKeown NM, Meigs JB, Liu S, Rogers G, Yoshida M, Saltzman E, Jacques PF. Dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Framingham offspring cohort. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28(2): 150-158.   DOI
10 Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, Hennekens CH, Manson JE. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71(6): 1455-1461.   DOI
11 Denova-Gutierrez E, Huitron-Bravo G, Talavera JO, Castañon S, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Flores Y, Salmeron J. Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and coronary heart disease. J Nutr Metab 2010; 2010: 170680.
12 Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80(2): 348-356.   DOI
13 Hatonen KA, Virtamo J, Eriksson JG, Sinkko HK, Sundvall JE, Valsta LM. Protein and fat modify the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to a mashed potato-based meal. Br J Nutr 2011; 106(2): 248-253.   DOI
14 Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J, Flood VM, Prvan T, Mitchell P, Brand-Miller JC. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk--a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(3): 627-637.   DOI
15 Du H, van der A DL, van Bakel MM, van der Kallen CJ, Blaak EE, van Greevenbroek MM, Jansen EH, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Dekker JM, Feskens EJ. Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to food and nutrient intake and metabolic risk factors in a Dutch population. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(3): 655-661.   DOI
16 Murakami K, Sasaki S, Takahashi Y, Okubo H, Hirota N, Notsu A, Fukui M, Date C. Reproducibility and relative validity of dietary glycaemic index and load assessed with a selfadministered diet-history questionnaire in Japanese adults. Br J Nutr 2008; 99(3): 639-648.   DOI
17 Brouns F, Bjorck I, Frayn KN, Gibbs AL, Lang V, Slama G, Wolever TM. Glycaemic index methodology. Nutr Res Rev 2005; 18(1): 145-171.   DOI
18 Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Westphal SA, Seaquist ER. The effect of fat and carbohydrate on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and triglycerides in normal male subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12(1): 36-41.   DOI
19 Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. The use of the glycemic index in predicting the blood glucose response to mixed meals. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 43(1): 167-172.   DOI
20 Wolever TM, Yang M, Zeng XY, Atkinson F, Brand-Miller JC. Food glycemic index, as given in glycemic index tables, is a significant determinant of glycemic responses elicited by composite breakfast meals. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83(6): 1306-1312.   DOI
21 Ercan N, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Effect of added fat on the plasma glucose and insulin response to ingested potato given in various combinations as two meals in normal individuals. Diabetes Care 1994; 17(12): 1453-1459.   DOI
22 Munoz JM, Sandstead HH, Jacob RA, Johnson L, Mako ME. Effects of dietary fiber on glucose tolerance of normal men. Diabetes 1979; 28(5): 496-502.   DOI
23 Gatenby SJ, Ellis PR, Morgan LM, Judd PA. Effect of partially depolymerized guar gum on acute metabolic variables in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabet Med 1996; 13(4): 358-364.   DOI
24 Quek R, Bi X, Henry CJ. Impact of protein-rich meals on glycaemic response of rice. Br J Nutr 2016; 115(7): 1194-1201.
25 Cunningham KM, Daly J, Horowitz M, Read NW. Gastrointestinal adaptation to diets of differing fat composition in human volunteers. Gut 1991; 32(5): 483-486.   DOI
26 Flint A, Moller BK, Raben A, Pedersen D, Tetens I, Holst JJ, Astrup A. The use of glycaemic index tables to predict glycaemic index of composite breakfast meals. Br J Nutr 2004; 91(6): 979-989.   DOI