Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.4.258

Estimated dietary intake of vitamin A in Korean adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2012  

Kim, Seong-Ah (Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Jun, Shinyoung (Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University)
Joung, Hyojee (Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.49, no.4, 2016 , pp. 258-268 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate dietary vitamin A intake and examine major food sources of vitamin A in Korean adults. Methods: Using data from the 2007~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 33,069 subjects over 19-years-old were included in this study. We estimated individual daily intakes of retinol, carotenoids such as ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene, and vitamin A by linking food consumption data with the vitamin A database of commonly consumed foods. We compared individual vitamin A intakes with the reference value of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Results: Average dietary vitamin A intakes of study subjects were $864.3{\mu}g$ retinol equivalent/day ($495.7{\mu}g$ retinol activity equivalent/day) in men and $715.0{\mu}g$ retinol equivalent/day ($403.6{\mu}g$ retinol activity equivalent/day) in women. Exactly 42.9% and 70.6% of total subjects consumed less vitamin A than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) based on retinol equivalent and retinol activity equivalent, respectively. The major food sources of vitamin A were Korean radish leaves, carrot, red pepper, and laver, and the top 20 foods provided about 80% of total vitamin A intake. Conclusion: This study provides basic data for estimation of vitamin A intake in Korean adults. Further research will be needed to analyze the association of insufficient or excess intakes of vitamin A and health problems in the Korean population.
Keywords
vitamin A; retinol equivalent; retinol activity equivalent; KNHANES;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Underwood BA, Arthur P. The contribution of vitamin A to public health. FASEB J 1996; 10(9): 1040-1048.   DOI
2 Tang G. Bioconversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91(5): 1468S-1473S.   DOI
3 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2009: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-3) [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010 [cited 2016 Feb 8]. Available from: https:// knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.
4 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2010: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011 [cited 2016 Feb 8]. Available from: https:// knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.
5 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2011: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2) [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012 [cited 2016 Feb 8]. Available from: https:// knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.
6 Rural Development Administration (KR). Food composition table. 8th revision. Suwon: Rural Development Administration; 2011.
7 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2012: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3) [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2013 [cited 2016 Feb 8]. Available from: https:// knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.
8 The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. 1st revision. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2010.
9 Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients; Institute of Medicine (US) Food and Nutrition Board. DRI: dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 2001.
10 James WP, Nelson M, Ralph A, Leather S. Socioeconomic determinants of health. The contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. BMJ 1997; 314(7093): 1545-1549.   DOI
11 Smith GD, Brunner E. Socio-economic differentials in health: the role of nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 1997; 56(1A): 75-90.   DOI
12 Kim BH, Lee JW, Lee Y, Lee HS, Jang YA, Kim CI. Food and nutrient consumption patterns of the Korean adult population by income level –2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 2005; 10(6): 952-962.
13 Jun S, Hong E, Joung H. Flavonoid intake according to food security in Korean adults: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. J Nutr Health 2015; 48(6): 507-518.   DOI
14 Ahn SH, Son SM, Kim HK. A study on the health and nutritional characteristics according to household income and obesity in Korean adults aged over 50 -based on 2005 KNHANES. Korean J Community Nutr 2012; 17(4): 463-478.   DOI
15 Whatham A, Bartlett H, Eperjesi F, Blumenthal C, Allen J, Suttle C, Gaskin K. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the developed world and their effect on the eye and vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 28(1): 1-12.   DOI
16 Ziegler RG. A review of epidemiologic evidence that carotenoids reduce the risk of cancer. J Nutr 1989; 119(1): 116-122.   DOI
17 Astorg P. Food carotenoids and cancer prevention: an overview of current research. Trends Food Sci Technol 1997; 8(12): 406-413.   DOI
18 van Poppel G. Carotenoids and cancer: an update with emphasis on human intervention studies. Eur J Cancer 1993; 29A(9): 1335-1344.
19 Rock CL. Carotenoids: biology and treatment. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 75(3): 185-197.   DOI
20 International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Handbook of Cancer Prevention Volume 2: Carotenoids. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1998.
21 Gallicchio L, Boyd K, Matanoski G, Tao XG, Chen L, Lam TK, Shiels M, Hammond E, Robinson KA, Caulfield LE, Herman JG, Guallar E, Alberg AJ. Carotenoids and the risk of developing lung cancer: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88(2): 372-383.   DOI
22 The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330(15): 1029-1035.   DOI
23 Holick CN, Michaud DS, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Mayne ST, Pietinen P, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Dietary carotenoids, serum beta-carotene, and retinol and risk of lung cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156(6): 536-547.   DOI
24 Rao AV, Rao LG. Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacol Res 2007; 55(3): 207-216.   DOI
25 West KP Jr, Darnton-Hill I. Vitamin A deficiency. In: Semba RD, Bloem MW, editors. Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2008. p.377-433.
26 Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87(23): 1767-1776.   DOI
27 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2012: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2013.
28 Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Forman MR, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, Willett WC. Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91(6): 547-556.   DOI
29 Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Naslund I, Rutegard J, Wolk A. Vitamin A, retinol, and carotenoids and the risk of gastric cancer: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85(2): 497-503.   DOI
30 Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR); The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans 2015. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2016.
31 Noh HH, Kim YN, Cho YO. Intakes and major food sources of vitamins A and E of Korean adults living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Korean J Nutr 2010; 43(6): 628-637.   DOI
32 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2007: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-1) [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008 [cited 2016 Feb 8]. Available from: https:// knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.
33 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2008: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2) [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009 [cited 2016 Feb 8]. Available from: https:// knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.