Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Elderly: The Cascade of Bone, Muscle, and Fat in Inflammatory Process

Conditions related to body composition and aging, such as osteopenic obesity, sarcopenia/ sarcopenic obesity, and the newly termed osteosarcopenic obesity(triad of bone, muscle and adipose tissue impairment), are beginning to gain recognition. Currently, it has begun to attract the attention of scholars from all over the world, however, for this disease, it still needs a more clear understanding and perception. Therefore, this article considered the osteoporosis, muscle depression, and obesity, these diseases as a gate to study the relationship among muscle, bone, and fat. In addition, in the aging process, the formation of IGF-cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen is sensitive. These hormones can not only absorb muscle protein metabolism, but also affect alienation. The decrease in IGF-cortisol in the elderly resulted in increased visceral fat, decreased muscle mass and bone mineral density, and then affected decreased skeletal muscle atrophy and decreased quality. The reduction of skeletal muscle quality and strength and increase body fat affected the adipose tissue to produce inflammatory cytokines, thereby reduced skeletal muscle, promoted cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in chronic diseases. Almost all chronic inflammatory diseases were associated with bone, muscle and fat. These mechanisms were complex and interrelated. Inflammation reduces bone formation, increases fat and reduces muscle mass. And thus not only had a significant impact on the motor system, but also made the incidence increase of fracture, osteoporosis, fragile syndrome, fall, osteomalacia and other bone disease. This article aimed to start from the interaction between the muscles and bones of the elderly, extended to obesity, muscle deficiency, osteoporosis and other diseases, finally, from a nutritional point of view, to discuss how to treat osteoporosis obesity.